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There are two basic remarks that must be made about this series of articles on the theme 'Modern biotechnology: a blessing or concern?'. Firstly, it is difficult to define what 'biotechnology' is due to the diversity of techniques employed. Secondly, it is striking how biotechnological techniques may be employed for such a wide variety of goals. In this article, the ethics of using biotechnology within veterinary science and research will be discussed. Aside from its usefulness to humankind, an animal has its own value as a living creature; a fact that we should always take into account. Ethical issues such as the health, welfare and integrity of animals are discussed here in relation to developments in biotechnology. These ethical arguments reveal that biotechnology does not always have a positive impact on animals. This does not necessarily mean that biotechnology should be rejected out of hand, but that it is essential that the purpose for which the animals are being used be adequately justified. In this regard, the veterinarian may play a unique role as the guardian of both animal and human health. The veterinary profession, in all its diversity, is a participant in the development and (future) practical application of biotechnological techniques. Changes in the broader society and within the veterinary profession may continue to play a role in the societal discourse on biotechnology and its practical application, it must actively consider the ethical aspects and consequences of these scientific developments. 相似文献
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Since 1989, an undergraduate course addressing issues concerning biotechnology in agriculture has been taught annually. To determine the extent to which students were engaged in classroom instruction and assimilated knowledge from the course, students were asked to complete an "Attitudes About Biotechnology" questionnaire. Students were queried about their knowledge of biotechnology, perceptions of risks associated with biotechnology, and ethics and attitudes toward the use of biotechnology in agriculture. Responses to the survey questions were evaluated both pre-and postcourse. Data were collected from 13 classes over a 10-yr period. Inspection of the precourse grade point average and the course grades for these students revealed no trends up or down over the period of this study. Similarly, inspection of the data revealed no effect from problem-based learning, student-facilitated group work, or technology on student attainment of knowledge, perception of risk, or ethical views. For each of the five knowledge questions, the average score increased as a result of taking the course. On two of the knowledge questions, the average score increase for females from pre- to postcourse was greater than for males. Based on our measurements using the postcourse questionnaire, the correlation between perceived and actual knowledge was not significantly different from zero. In two of the four risk questions, there was no change in average score as a result of the course; however, student perception of risk associated with genetic engineering of plants increased. Although average scores for student perception of risk due to the perceived impact of genetically engineered products on people or the environment decreased from pre- to postcourse assessment, the average score was higher (P < 0.01) for females than for males. Males were more accepting of genetic manipulation of cells in a laboratory than were females both pre- and postcourse. Although student knowledge of biotechnology was increased and the perceived risk due to biotechnology was altered, there was no evidence that students altered their ethical position on biotechnology as a result of this course. 相似文献
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紫花苜蓿作为生物反应器的研究现状及应用前景 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
随着生物技术的快速发展,人们对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的利用已经从传统的优良牧草扩展到多个方面,其中以紫花苜蓿作为生物反应器来生产疫苗、工业酶制剂和工业可降解塑料以及一些重要的药用蛋白等研究已经取得了很大进展,在以信息和生物技术为主的21世纪,紫花苜蓿作为生物反应器在为畜牧业的安全生产乃至人类安全和健康方面将有更为广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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S Ruiz J Romero‐Aguirregomezcorta S Astiz B Peinado L Almela A Poto 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(6):e81-e84
In a conservation project, reproductive biotechnology was implemented for the recovery and conservation of an endangered bovine breed in Spain. The breed Murciana–Levantina, declared to be worthy of special protection status ( http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000464/index.html ), is of great interest because of its hardness, longevity, docility and disease resistance. This contribution describes the birth of the first calf of this breed obtained by reproductive biotechnology, using ultrasound‐guided punction and aspiration of ovarian follicles, in vitro embryo production, vitrification of embryos by a cryotop device and, finally, the transfer of cryopreserved embryos to recipient heifers of a commercial dairy herd. 相似文献
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The mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes for 37 genes which are involved in a broad range of cellular functions. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule is commonly assumed to be inherited through oocyte cytoplasm in a clonal manner, and apparently species‐specific mechanisms have evolved to eliminate the contribution of sperm mitochondria after natural fertilization. However, recent evidence for paternal mtDNA inheritance in embryos and offspring questions the general validity of this model, particularly in the context of assisted reproduction and embryo biotechnology. In addition to normal mt DNA haplotype variation, oocytes and spermatozoa show remarkable differences in mtDNA content and may be affected by inherited or acquired mtDNA aberrations. All these parameters have been correlated with gamete quality and reproductive success rates. Nuclear transfer (NT) technology provides experimental models for studying interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Recent studies demonstrated (i) a significant effect of mtDNA haplotype or other maternal cytoplasmic factors on the efficiency of NT; (ii) phenotypic differences between transmitochondrial clones pointing to functionally relevant nuclear–cytoplasmic interactions; and (iii) neutral or non‐neutral selection of mtDNA haplotypes in heteroplasmic conditions. Mitochondria form a dynamic reticulum, enabling complementation of mitochondrial components and possibly mixing of different mtDNA populations in heteroplasmic individuals. Future directions of research on mtDNA in the context of reproductive biotechnology range from the elimination of adverse effects of artificial heteroplasmy, e.g. created by ooplasm transfer, to engineering of optimized constellations of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes for the production of superior livestock. 相似文献
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草类植物育种学是草业科学专业的专业必修课。分析了该课程教学中存在的教材滞后、课时数偏少、教学方法、手段滞后等问题，针对这些问题，对教学改革提出了几点建议：加强教材建设、教学内容上应该强化生物技术在育种中的应用、尝试双语教学、充分利用多媒体多元化功能进行教学、改革课程考核体系等。 相似文献
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Teruhiko WAKAYAMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):8-16
Animal biotechnology has made new biological experiments possible and new discoveries are being made on an almost daily basis. Among these discoveries is a method for directly injecting a spermatozoa or somatic nucleus into an oocyte that has brought a revolution in the world of micromanipulators. Experiments that were unfeasible until now have become possible, and normal offspring can be generated from infertile cells, such as using dead sperm or a dead frozen body. In this review, I will introduce the progress of animal reproductive biotechnology, including our current research. 相似文献
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现代生物技术与动物育种 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
本文概述了动物育种技术及其发展、现代生物技术的产生与现状,转基因动物技术、胚胎工程技术、动物克隆技术和各种分子生物技术及其对动物中育种技术的影响,并讨论了２１世纪动物育种的趋势和展望。 相似文献
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生物技术与绵山羊育种 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
综述了近２０ 年来生物技术的发展及其在绵山羊育种中的应用,内容主要包括基因工程技术：基因图谱的研究, Ｑ Ｔ Ｌ Ｓ 的定位、克隆和序列分析, Ｑ Ｔ Ｌ Ｓ 的标记辅助选择,转基因技术,生物反应器,生长调控技术和蛋白质工程技术;胚胎工程技术：超数排卵和胚胎移植,胚胎克隆,胚胎干细胞系,异体受精等。 相似文献
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