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1.
高寒草地硫酸铵施肥对放牧牦牛铜代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评价施肥对牧草矿物元素含量和牦牛铜代谢的影响,在黄河首曲草地进行施肥试验、放牧试验和动物矿物元素补充试验.结果表明:施肥明显增加了牧草N的含量(P<0.01),但各施肥处理之间没有明显的差异.(NH4)2SO4施肥明显增加了牧草S的含量(P<0.01).试验结束时(NH4)2SO4施肥牧场的牦牛血液和肝脏铜(Cu)含量极显著低于(P<0.01)NH4NO3施肥牧场和对照牧场,同时(NH4)2SO4施肥牧场的牦牛出现小红细胞贫血.肝脏Cu含量最低的10头牦牛接受Cu补充,在整个试验过程中接受Cu补充的牦牛肝脏和血液的Cu含量都在升高.试验结束时,补充CuClO(OH)3的牦牛肝脏铜含量极明显高于(P<0.01)补充CuSO4的牦牛,但血液铜蓝蛋白(Cp)含量没有显著的差异 . 相似文献
2.
高寒草地硫酸铵施肥对牦牛硒代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在黄河首曲草地进行草地施肥试验、草地放牧试验和动物矿物质元素补充试验,用以评价施肥处理对牦牛硒代谢的影响。结果表明:施肥明显增加牧草N的含量(P<0.01)。硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)(Ⅰ组)施肥,牧草硫(S)的含量极明显高于硝酸铵(NH4NO3)(Ⅱ组)、对照组(Ⅲ组)(P<0.01);牧草Se的含量Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。牦牛血液Se的含量Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.01);肝脏Se的含量Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.01),其它各组之间无明显差异。通过矿物质元素补充,补硒组血液Se的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),肝脏Se的含量极显著高于对照组。 相似文献
3.
为评价草地施肥对放牧贵州半细毛羊的影响,在威宁县凉水沟退化人工草地上进行了(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3施肥和放牧试验。结果表明,草地施肥极显著增加牧草氮(N)含量,但各施肥处理之间没有显著差异。(NH4)2SO4施肥极显著增加牧草S、Mn和Zn含量,减少牧草Se含量。试验结束时,施(NH4)2SO4草地半细毛羊血液中Cu、Fe和Se含量极显著低于施NH4NO3草地和对照草地,家畜血液Mn、Zn和S含量极显著高于NH4NO3施肥牧场和对照牧场。(NH4)2SO4施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞压积容量(PCV)以及血清Cp含量、血清SOD活力、血清GSH-PX活力和血清CAT活力极显著低于NH4NO3施肥牧场和对照牧场,血液其他矿质元素和血液指标及血清生化值在2个施肥处理和对照之间均差异不显著。因此得出结论,威宁县凉水沟天然草地不适合用(NH4)2SO4施肥。 相似文献
4.
牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标变化规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨牦牛营养代谢疾病的病因,在黄河首曲草地对放牧牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标的变化规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明:牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标具有明显的季节动态;在首曲草原,牧草矿物元素含量季节性缺乏是引起牦牛营养代谢疾病的原因之一。 相似文献
5.
喀斯特山区草地施肥对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊抗氧化系统功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为选择草地施肥的肥料种类,减少施肥对乌蒙半细毛羊产业的影响,在威宁县凉水沟种羊场多年生人工草地开展施肥和放牧试验。 结果表明:凉水沟种羊场人工草地牧草铜含量相对较低,但仍高于乌蒙半细毛羊营养需要标准;施肥极显著增加牧草氮含量(P<0.01),各施肥处理之间没有明显差异。硫酸铵施肥显著增加牧草硫和锌含量(P<0.01),显著降低了牧草硒的含量(P<0.01)。放牧试验结束时,施硫酸铵草地的乌蒙半细毛羊血液中铜、铁和硒的含量极显著低于施硝酸铵草地和对照组(P<0.01), 动物血液锌和硫含量极显著高于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照组(P<0.01)。硫酸铵施肥牧场的乌蒙半细毛羊血红蛋白、红细胞压积容量极显著低于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01),血清铜蓝蛋白含量、血清超氧化物歧化酶活力、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和血清过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶的活力极显著低于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01),丙二醛的含量显著高于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01)。血液其他矿质元素和血液指标及血清生化值在2个施肥处理和对照之间均差异不显著。 因此得出结论,草地施肥的种类需要根据土壤矿物质分布和含量情况确定,铜含量低的牧场不适合硫酸铵施肥,硫酸铵施肥明显影响了乌蒙半细毛羊机体抗氧化系统功能。 相似文献
6.
为了评价施肥处理对牧草矿物质元素含量和牦牛抗氧化酶活性的影响,在黄河首曲草地进行草地施肥和草地放牧试验。结果表明,硫酸氨施肥组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）极显著低于（P〈0．01）Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异;铜蓝蛋白（Cp）的含量,硫酸氨施肥组极显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异;血液MDA的含量,硫酸氨施肥组极显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异。在试验结束时硫酸氨施肥组Hb、MCV、MCH都极显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,放牧牦牛出现小红细胞贫血。 相似文献
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《草业与畜牧》2017,(1)
为了研究金川牦牛放牧草场牧草中矿物元素含量,改善饲养管理,提高生产水平,采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱仪(ICP-OES)测定牧草矿物元素含量,并进行牧草矿物元素的盈缺分析。结果显示,牧草微量元素B、Se、Zn(P0.01)以及Fe(P0.05)6月高于9月,而Cu、V(P0.01)以及Mo(P0.05)低于9月;常量元素Ca、P、Na(P0.01)6月高于9月,而K(P0.01)低于9月。林间草场微量元素Zn(P0.01)以及Mn、Mo(P0.05)低于高山草甸草场;常量元素K、P(P0.01)林间草场高于高山草甸草场,而Na(P0.01)低于高山草甸草场。结论:金川林间和高山草甸草场牧草中微量元素Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Se含量均处于缺乏状态,应对放牧牦牛适当补饲这些元素;牧草Ca、P比失衡,应适量补饲Ca;牧草中重金属元素含量均低于国家相关标准。 相似文献
8.
《动物营养学报》2020,(8)
本试验旨在探讨三江源区高寒草场不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛产奶量及乳中矿物质元素含量的影响。选取自然放牧状态下胎次和体况一致的健康泌乳牦牛10头为研究对象,记录放牧母牦牛在枯草期(12—4月)、返青期(5月)、青草期(6—8月)和枯黄期(9—11月)的产奶量,通过火焰原子吸收法分别对4期牧草样品和采集的乳样品进行矿物质元素[钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、钴(Co)、铜(Cu)]含量的测定。结果表明:1)青草期牧草的Na、Mg、Fe、Mn和Cu含量显著高于其他物候期(P0.05),而枯草期牧草的K、Ca和Co含量显著高于其他物候期(P0.05),牧草的Zn含量随物候期推移呈现增加趋势。2)青草期牦牛的产奶量显著高于其他物候期(P0.05);青草期牦牛乳中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn和Cu含量显著高于其他物候期(P0.05),枯草期乳中Co含量显著高于其他物候期(P0.05),而乳中Fe和Zn含量在枯黄期较高(P0.05)。3)不同物候期牧草与牦牛乳中Na、Mg、Mn、Co、Cu含量的相关性显著,相关值分别为0.723(P0.01)、0.996(P0.01)、0.975(P0.05)、0.981(P0.05)、0.967(P0.01)。由此可知,牦牛产奶量和乳中矿物质元素含量随着不同物候期牧草中矿物质元素含量变化而变化,从枯草期到青草期,牦牛产奶量呈现逐渐增高趋势,而后产奶量随牧草枯黄逐渐降低,乳中Na、Mg、Mn、Co、Cu含量会随着牧草中相应矿物质元素含量的升高而升高。 相似文献
9.
为评价铜污染草地施钼肥对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊铜代谢的影响,探讨铜污染草地的治理方法,在乌蒙山区的威宁县铜污染草地开展草地施肥和放牧试验。用原子发射光谱法分析土壤、牧草和动物组织的矿物质含量,用可见光分光光度法测定血液生化指标。结果表明:草地施钼肥能显著增加混合牧草钼和氮的含量(P0.01),但各施肥组间差异不显著;试验结束时,施钼肥草地放牧的乌蒙半细毛羊肝脏和血液钼含量极显著大于对照组(P0.01),血液和肝脏铜含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01),血液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的活力极显著高于对照组(P0.01),血液铜蓝蛋白和丙二醛的含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。研究结果显示,铜污染草地施钼肥能显著降低铜污染对乌蒙半细毛羊的毒害性作用,改善乌蒙半细毛羊的健康状况。 相似文献
10.
黄河首曲草地牧草微量元素含量的变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨牦牛营养代谢疾病的病因,在黄河首曲草地对牧草微量元素含量季节性变化进行了系统的研究.结果表明:牧草微量元素含量具有明显的季节性,随着气温升高,牧草生长速度加快,微量元素含量降低;气温降低,牧草生长停止,微量元素含量逐步回升.牧草微量元素含量的季节性变化可能是牦牛营养代谢疾病的主要原因. 相似文献
11.
Effect of ammonium sulfate fertilization on bahiagrass quality and copper metabolism in grazing beef cattle 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Arthington JD Rechcigl JE Yost GP McDowell LR Fanning MD 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(10):2507-2512
To assess the impact of S fertilization on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) quality and Cu metabolism in cattle, two studies were conducted during the summer grazing season (1999 and 2000). Pasture replicates (16.2 ha; n = 2/treatment) received the same fertilizer treatment in each growing season, consisting of 1) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium sulfate (AS), 2) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium nitrate (AN), and 3) control (no fertilizer; C). Forage sampling was conducted at 28-d intervals following fertilization by the collection of whole plants (four samples/pasture) in randomly distributed 1-m2 grazing exclusion cages and analyzed for CP, in vitro organic matter digestibility, S, P, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, and Zn. To determine the effect of fertilizer treatment on liver trace mineral concentrations in grazing cattle, random liver tissue samples were collected (n = 12; four/treatment) at the start and end of the study period in 2000. Ammonium sulfate fertilization increased (P < 0.001) forage S concentration in both years. Plant tissue N concentrations were increased by N fertilization, regardless of source, in 2000, but not in 1999. Cows grazing AS pastures had lower (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations at the end of the study period in 2000 compared to AN and C. In Exp. 2, 37 Cu-deficient heifers grazing AS fertilized pastures were obtained from the same location and allocated to one of two treatments, consisting of supplements providing 123 mg/d of either inorganic (Cu sulfate; n = 12) or organic (Availa-Cu; n = 15) Cu. Treatments were delivered for 83 d. Liver Cu increased over time in all heifers regardless of treatment; however, heifers supplemented with Availa-Cu tended (P = 0.09) to have higher mean liver Cu concentrations than those receiving Cu sulfate. The results of these studies indicate that AS fertilization of bahiagrass increases forage S concentrations. When provided free-choice access to a complete salt-based trace mineral supplement, cows grazing AS-fertilized pastures had lower liver Cu concentrations than cows grazing pastures fertilized with AN; upon removal from high-S pastures, cattle were able to respond to Cu supplementation. 相似文献
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13.
D.I. Bransby 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(4):261-264
Kikuyu pastures at the Ukulinga research farm near Pietermaritzburg were fertilized with 150 and 300 kg nitrogen (N) ha?1 in the summer periods of 1985–86 and 1986–87, and were continuously grazed with steers at stocking rates of 5.4, 8.0 and 10.7 steers ha?1. In the second season the high N level pasture was also grazed under 12‐paddock rotational grazing at stocking rates of 5.4, 8.0 and 13.4 steers ha?1. In the first season the high N level provided higher (P≤0.05) animal weight gains, but there was no difference between N levels in animal weight gain during the second season. Rotational grazing provided higher weight gains than continuous grazing in the second season. The increased weight gains obtained from high N fertilization and rotational grazing were probably caused by higher forage availability rather than higher forage quality. 相似文献
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15.
以青藏高原高山嵩草草甸优势植物高山嵩草（Kobresia pygmaea）和紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）为对象,研究不同放牧强度对其营养成分变化的影响。结果表明,不同优势种对放牧响应不同,放牧有利于高山嵩草草甸优势植物钙和磷的吸收,高山嵩草重度放牧下钙与磷含量显著高于适度放牧与对照(零放牧)（P＜0.05）,且适度放牧与对照差异不显著（P＞0.05）。紫花针茅钙含量依次为重度放牧＞适度放牧＞对照,磷含量随着放牧强度的增加,出现先升高后下降的变化趋势;放牧家畜的啃食促进了植物的补偿性生长,放牧粗纤维含量显著低于对照（P＜0.05）;同时放牧增加了高山嵩草草甸优势植物粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量。放牧家畜对草地的影响,加速了牧草-土壤氮循环,促进了牧草对土壤氮的吸收,进而增加了牧草的粗蛋白含量,改善了牧草品质。 相似文献
16.
A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of two grazing methods (GM) and two stocking rates (SR) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. var. WL225) pasture quality and diet selection by Holstein steers. Eight pasture plots (.76 ha) were seeded in 1988 and divided into two blocks of four pastures each. Pastures were managed to allow a 36-d rest period with an average grazing season of 105 d. Before steers entered the next paddock, canopy heights (CH) of alfalfa plants were determined and pasture-forage samples were collected. Forage samples were analyzed for DM, OM, CP, and in vitro OM digestibility (IVOMD). At 12-d intervals beginning with the second grazing cycle, extrusa samples were collected from steers with esophageal fistulas. Extrusa samples were frozen, freeze-dried, and analyzed for OM, CP, IVOMD, in situ ruminal DM degradation, and ruminal undegradable protein. There were no effects of GM on alfalfa CH or pasture DM, OM, CP, and IVOMD. Increasing the SR increased pasture CP content in both years and increased DM, OM, and IVOMD in the 2nd yr. There was no effect of GM or SR on the quality of forage selected by esophageally fistulated steers. Esophageally fistulated steers selected forage that had greater OM, CP, and IVOMD than the average nutrient content of the forage. Although forage quality was greater when stocking rates were increased, the quantity of forage available per animal may have limited gains. 相似文献
17.
绵羊食道瘘管法和人工模拟法采集的草地牧草营养成分动态的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高山草原 7、8、10月和 1月放牧绵羊食道瘘管牧草样品和人工模拟采集牧草样品无论在粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗灰分含量 ,还是干物质消化率方面 ,2种方法所采集牧草营养成分存在较大差异。具体表现为食道瘘管样品粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量高于人工模拟样品 ,二者最大差值分别为 6 .2 2 %和11.18% ,而粗纤维含量则低于人工模拟样品 ,最大差值为 4 .80 % ,2种方法采集牧草干物质消化率食道瘘管样也高于人工模拟样 ,二者最大差值为 7.74 %。试验表明 ,人工模拟法采集牧草样本尤其在本区黄草期 (10月 )不能真正代表放牧绵羊实际食入的牧草营养成分 ,但是在草地枯草期的 1月、二者的差值有减少的趋势。在本区放牧生态研究中牧草采样应以食道瘘管法为首选。 相似文献
18.
Steben Crestani Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho Marcolino Frederico Miguel Edison Xavier de Almeida Flávio Augusto Portela Santos 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1369-1374
The inclusion of legumes in pasture reduces the need for mineral nitrogen applications and the pollution of groundwater; however, the agronomic and animal husbandry advantages with tropical legumes are still little known. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the use of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) in dwarf elephant grass pastures (Pennisetum purpureum cv. BRS Kurumi) on forage intake and animal performance. The experimental treatments were dwarf elephant grass fertilized with 200 kg?N/ha, and dwarf elephant grass mixed with forage peanut without mineral fertilizers. The animals used for the experiment were 12 Charolais steers (body weight (BW)?=?288?±?5.2 kg) divided into four lots (two per treatment). Pastures were managed under intermittent stocking with an herbage allowance of 5.4 kg dry matter of green leaves/100 kg BW. Dry matter intake (mean?=?2.44 % BW), the average daily gain (mean?=?0.76 kg), and the stocking rate (mean?=?3.8 AU/ha) were similar between the studied pastures, but decreased drastically in last grazing cycle with the same herbage allowance. The presence of peanut in dwarf elephant grass pastures was enough to sustain the stocking rate, but did not allow increasing forage intake and animal performance. 相似文献