共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
试验旨在构建新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体尺体重性状的遗传参数估计模型,估计新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传参数,为新疆褐牛育种目标性状的确定和综合选择指数的制定提供理论依据。以1983－2017年收集的4个新疆褐牛核心育种场81头公牛后代的2 504条新疆褐牛体尺体重数据为研究材料,以初生及6、12和18月龄阶段的体重、体高、体斜长和胸围性状为研究对象,通过DMU软件构建多性状动物模型,以场、出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,以加性效应和母体效应为随机效应,估计各性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示,新疆褐牛初生至18月龄阶段体重遗传力估计值为0.22~0.61,体高遗传力估计值为0.43~0.46,体斜长遗传力估计值为0.29~0.52,胸围遗传力估计值为0.35~0.61。相同和不同生长阶段新疆褐牛各体尺体重性状间均呈现正的遗传相关和表型相关,其中相同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.11~0.92,表型相关系数为0.05~0.92;不同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.08~0.92,表型相关系数为0.01~0.72。18月龄与其他各生长阶段间体尺体重性状的遗传相关系数较高,且均属于中高遗传力性状。因此,在制定新疆褐牛综合选择指数时,应重点考虑18月龄阶段的体尺体重性状,从而进一步提升新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传进展。 相似文献
2.
采用单元内父系半同胞相关法，对３１８４个样本进行测算，南阳牛体高的遗传力达到０．６３０８—０．７０１１之间，体斜长、胸围、管围、坐骨端宽、周岁体重、１．５岁体重、２．５岁体重、成年体重等遗传力达到０．３５７３—０．５７２６之间，初生重、断奶量、外貌评分、繁殖性状等的遗传力达到０．０１４３—０．２９３２之问；体尺体重相互间的遗传相关均超过０．６６，外貌评分与体尺体重之间的遗传相关在０．２１５２—０．６０８１之间。 相似文献
3.
兴羔肉羊生长发育规律及遗传评估研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(6):72-76
[目的]探究兴羔肉羊的生长发育特征及遗传特性。[方法]对2018—2019年出生的1 054只兴羔肉羊羔羊的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重、12月龄体重数据进行统计分析,并采集部分羊只6月龄、12月龄、24月龄的体高、体长及胸围数据。详细记录每只羔羊的出生类型及系谱档案,利用WOMBAT软件对其初生重、断奶重进行遗传评估。[结果]兴羔肉羊羔羊初生重和断奶重的遗传力分别为0.980和0.885,表型相关为0.321,遗传相关为0.396;6月龄时,公羊体重占成年体重的44.21%、母羊体重占成年体重的60.33%,公羊和母羊的体尺数据都达到成年体尺数据的80%以上。[结论]兴羔肉羊的初生重和断奶重具有高遗传力,且符合肉用品种羊早期生长发育快的遗传特性。 相似文献
4.
鲁西黄牛主要经济性状的数量遗传学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用动物模型和DFREML,估测了1989—1994年期间出生的1050头鲁西黄牛的主要经济性状的遗传参数。结果表明:鲁西黄牛的初生重、6月龄体重、18月龄体重、体高、体长、尻长、胸围和管围的遗传力分别为0.396、0.330、0.249、0.617、0.462、0.561、0.374和0.592;初生重与6月龄体重和18月龄体重之间的遗传相关分别为0.487和0.673;6月龄体重与18月龄体重之间的遗传相关为0.561;18月龄体重与18月龄体尺的遗传相关在0.681￣0.947之间。 相似文献
5.
法系獭兔数量性状遗传参数估计 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
用单元内同胞相关法对法系獭兔3个世代的繁殖性状和生长发育性状进行了遗传力估计，并对6月龄的体重体尺进行了相关分析。结果表明：产仔数（0．15）和初生窝重（0．20）属中等遗传力性状；21日龄个体重（0．42）、32日龄断奶个体重（0．38）及成活数（0．42）皆属高遗传性状；3月龄体重（0．37）及体尺（0．28－0．37）属较高遗传力性状，而6月龄的相应性状遗传力值（0．47－0．63）明显地高于3月龄。3月龄体重与6月龄体重、6月龄体尺间皆有很高的遗传相关（0．81－0．96）和表型相关（0．46－0．79）。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2016,(5)
[目的]研究安格斯牛、西门塔尔牛对北沙牛的杂交效果。[方法]对北沙牛、北沙牛与安格斯杂交一代(北安F1)、北沙牛与西门塔尔牛杂交一代(北西F1)共45头母牛进行了体重及体尺指标测定。[结果]北安F1牛、北西F1牛初生重比北沙牛高,其中北西F1牛与北沙牛差异显著(P0.05)。在本地传统饲养管理条件下,北安F1牛、北西F1牛的6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄体重都高于同龄北沙牛。从初生到6月龄、6~12月龄、12~18月龄、18~24月龄各年龄段杂交母牛日增重都高于同年龄的北沙牛。从体尺变化看,北安F1牛和北西F1牛各阶段主要体尺相对增长较快,出生后随月龄的增大而增高。到12月龄后,北安F1牛体高与同龄北沙牛相差不大,北西F1牛体高高于北沙牛,但北安F1和北西F1与产肉性能有关的体长、胸围等项体尺均比北沙牛增长幅度大。[结论]用安格斯牛、西门塔尔牛与北沙牛杂交,其后代在体尺、体重、日增重等方面都得到了改善和提高,杂交效果明显。 相似文献
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安格斯牛杂交改良务川黑牛效果初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为了探索安格斯牛改良务川黑牛的杂交效果.[方法]采用直肠输精法,用安格斯牛的细管冻精杂交改良务川黑牛.[结果]表明:安务杂一代F1初生重比务川黑牛高,公母分别比务川黑牛增加4.3 kg、4.7 kg,差异极显著(P＜0.01).在农村饲养管理条件下,安务杂一代F1牛6月龄、12月龄、18月龄的体重都高于同龄务川黑牛.从初生到6月龄、6～12月龄、12～18月龄各年龄段F1公母牛日增重都高于同年龄的务川黑牛的日增重,经T检验,差异均极显著(P＜0.01).从体尺变化看安务杂一代F1牛各阶段主要体尺相对增长较快,如体高,初生后随月龄的增大而增高.到12月龄后,其体高与同龄务川黑牛相差不大,但与产肉性能有关的体长、胸围、髂宽等项体尺均比务川黑牛增长幅度大.对18月龄安务杂一代F1牛和务川黑牛公牛进行90 d的肥育实验,随机抽5头行进屠宰测定,其屠宰率,净肉率分别为55.75％、45.19％,比务川黑牛的56.11％、46.51％分别提高了2.68和2.21个百分点.[结论]用安格斯牛杂交改良务川黑牛,其后代的体尺、体重和产肉性能、适应能力、役用等方面都得到了改善和提高,并使杂交牛体型逐步向肉役兼用型转化,改良效果明显. 相似文献
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旨在利用从山西省运城市国家级晋南牛遗传资源基因保护中心采集的2011—2021年564头晋南牛(公牛279头，母牛285头)共1 937条体重和体尺性状数据，对晋南牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄阶段体重和体尺性状进行遗传参数估计。本研究运用ASREML软件中的REML算法配合多性状动物模型，以出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应，估计晋南牛5个不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明，出生年份对晋南牛不同生长阶段的体重和体尺性状有着极显著影响(P<0.01);出生季节和性别对晋南牛生长发育前期影响较小，对其生长发育后期有着较大影响。晋南牛初生至24月龄体重遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.35,体高遗传力估计值范围为0.18～0.31,十字部高遗传力估计值范围为0.17～0.43,体斜长遗传力估计值范围为0.10～0.24,胸围遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.29,腹围遗传力估计值范围为0.25～0.33,管围遗传力估计值范围为0.16～0.56。晋南牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状均呈现出较强的遗传正相关和表型正相关。其中遗传相关和表型相关的范围分别为0.37... 相似文献
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南阳牛主要性状遗传参数的初步估测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
<正> 南阳牛是我国优秀的地方良种之一,为了弄清其遗传性能,我们对其主要体尺、体重的遗传力、遗传相关进行了估测。结果如下。 一、材料与方法 材料来自河南省南阳黄牛研究所1979—1983年度牛只生长发育记录,共1019个样本(8头公牛的女儿),群内无近交个体。测算了1岁半牛的体尺、体重的遗传力、遗传相关及初生重、8月龄体重、2岁半体重的遗传力。样本数在100个以上的剔除 相似文献
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西门塔尔改良遵义市黄牛的效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对遵义市西门塔尔牛改良的本地黄牛（西杂牛）体尺、体重及各项生产性能进行了测定,结果西本杂交牛与本地牛体尺体重及各项生产性能都有了显著提高（P＞0．01）,西本杂初生重、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄体重比本地牛分别提高了21．75％、49．98％、45．41％和37．63％,改良效果明显。 相似文献
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对短秦F1、F2和本地母牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄体尺、体重进行测定,并对其生长发育强度进行对比分析.结果表明,在农村粗放饲养条件下,F2牛初生6、12月龄体重比本地牛分别增加4.3、37.2、35.6kg,相应提高16.6%、28.2%、17.9%;F1牛18、24月龄比本地牛分别增加30.9、47.8kg,提高11.0%和15.6%,改良牛纠正了本地牛的尖斜尻缺点,且生长发育快,增重效果明显,体躯有向肉乳兼用型发展趋势,若加强断奶后的培育,效果更好. 相似文献
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Study of the effect of genotype–environment interaction on age at first calving and production traits in Nellore cattle using multi‐trait reaction norms and Bayesian inference 
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下载免费PDF全文 Francisco Ribeiro de Araujo Neto Newton Tamassia Pegolo Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta‐Borquis Matilde Conceição Pessoa Alexandre Bonifácio Raysildo Barbosa Lobo Henrique Nunes de Oliveira 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):939-945
This study investigated the effects of genotype–environment interaction on yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain in Nellore cattle using multi‐trait reaction norm models. The environmental gradient was defined as a function of the mean yearling weight of the contemporary groups. A first‐order random regression sire model with four classes of residual variance was used in the analyses and Bayesian methods were applied to estimate the (co)variance components. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.284 to 0.547, 0.222 to 0.316 and 0.256 to 0.522 for yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain, respectively. The lowest genetic correlations between environment groups for each trait were 0.38, 0.02 and 0.04 for yearling weight, age at first calving and post‐weaning weight gain, respectively. Differences in the correlation estimates were observed between traits in the same environments, with the magnitude of the estimates tending toward zero as the environment improved. The results highlight the importance of including genotype–environment interactions in genetic evaluation programs considering the differences observed between environmental groups not only in terms of heritability, but also of genetic correlations. 相似文献
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Korean cattle have an unusually short suckling period (4 mo) due to poor milking ability, and this is a hindrance to growth of calves. Therefore, Korean cattle breeders have shown interest in genetic improvement of milking ability. In this study, body weight (birth weight, weaning weight, and yearling weight) and five daily milk yields by period in Korean cattle (Hanwoo) were analyzed using a two-trait sire and maternal grandsire mixed model. The milk yields used were actually measured at sequential intervals from 1 to 4 mo after calving. Posterior means of the parameters were estimated using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates (0.25 to 0.26) for daily milk yield at weaning were larger than those with other periods. Genetic impact on daily milk yield, especially at weaning, was emphasized in order to lengthen the suckling period of Korean cattle. Genetic correlation estimates between BW and daily milk yield were all negative (-0.08 to -0.16 for birth weight, -0.04 to -0.21 for weaning weight, and -0.12 to -0.19 for yearling weight), whereas environmental correlation estimates were all positive (0.20 to 0.39 for birth weight, 0.34 to 0.51 for weaning weight, and 0.30 to 0.45 for yearling weight). The negative estimates of genetic correlation between weight and milk yield implied genetic antagonism between direct and maternal effects for weaning weight of beef cattle. 相似文献
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Data associated with 1,531 Herefords shown at the National Western Stock Show at Denver from 1978 to 1984 were used to estimate heritability and repeatability of show-ring placing (SRP) and genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations. The correlations were those between: SRP and individual measurements (IM) taken at the time of show and available to the judges, SRP and parents' SRP and IM, male SRP and their individual expected progeny difference values (EPD) and SRP and sire EPD. The IM were height, weight, backfat, weight per day of age and scrotal circumference. The estimation procedures were symmetric differences squared, analysis of variance and parent-offspring regression and correlation. Three similar estimates of SRP heritability averaged .39. Three similar estimates of SRP repeatability averaged .33 and suggested little effective selection for SRP based on first record and low permanent environmental variance. The phenotypic correlations indicated an individual's height (.63) had the most influence on its SRP followed by weight (.43). Genetic and environmental correlations between height and SRP averaged (three estimates) .78 and .37, respectively. Dam SRP, height and backfat had higher correlations with offspring SRP than those of the sire. Male SRP was moderately correlated with EPD values for weaning (.25) and yearling (.38) height and weaning (.33) and yearling (.32) weight. The correlations between SRP and sire EPD values were: .27 (birth weight), .16 (weaning weight), .33 (weaning height), .10 (yearling weight), .23 (yearling height) and .07 (maternal breeding value). The results did not support SRP as a criterion for improving growth performance traits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Simultaneous selection for low birth weight and high yearling weight has been advocated to improve efficiency of beef production. Two sublines of Line 1 Hereford cattle were established by selection either for below-average birth weight and high yearling weight (YB) or for high yearling weight alone (YW). Direct effects on birth weight and yearling weight diverged between sublines with approximately four generations of selection. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic trends for traits of the cows. A three-parameter growth curve [Wt = A(1 - b0e(-kt))] was fitted to age (t, d)-weight (W, kg) data for cows surviving past 4.5 yr of age (n = 738). The resulting parameter estimates were analyzed simultaneously with birth weight and yearling weight using multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood methods. To estimate maternal additive effects on calf gain from birth to weaning (MILK) the two-trait model previously used to analyze birth weight and yearling weight was transformed to the equivalent three-trait model with birth weight, gain from birth to weaning, and gain from weaning to yearling as dependent variables. Heritability estimates were 0.32, 0.27, 0.10, and 0.20 for A, b0, k, and MILK, respectively. Genetic correlations with direct effects on birth weight were 0.34, -0.11, and 0.55 and with direct effects on yearling weight were 0.65, -0.17, and 0.11 for A, b0, and k, respectively. Genetic trends for YB and YW, respectively, were as follows: A (kg/generation), 8.0+/-0.2 and 10.1+/-0.2; b0 (x 1,000), -1.34+/-0.07 and -1.16+/-0.07; k (x 1,000), -14.3+/-0.1 and 4.3+/-0.1; and MILK (kg), 1.25+/-0.05 and 1.89+/-0.05. Beef cows resulting from simultaneous selection for below-average birth weight and increased yearling weight had different growth curves and reduced genetic trend in maternal gain from birth to weaning relative to cows resulting from selection for increased yearling weight. 相似文献
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本文分析了陕西省秦川牛场秦川牛群近交及其对初生重、断奶重及哺乳期成活率的影响,并采用标准群体遗传学模型分析了秦川牛的致死当量。研究发现,30多年来秦川牛群平均近交系数呈明显的上升趋势,而且近交对成活率、初生重及断奶重均有一定危害;秦川牛群体的隐性有害基因含量较少,平均每个个体约携带2.05个致死当量。 相似文献
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[目的]为研究西门塔尔牛、南德温牛对秦川牛的杂交改良效果.[方法]对秦川牛、南德温牛与秦川牛杂交一代（南秦F1）、西门塔尔牛与秦川牛杂交一代（西秦F1）共282头母牛的体高、十字部高、体斜长、胸围、腹围、管围等6项体尺指标进行了测定.以体尺指标为基础材料,对比分析了它们的体重与体尺数据在不同月龄的表现特点;计算分析了它们的各项体尺指数;构建了1～2岁秦川牛各项体尺指标对体重的主成分回归模型.[结果]表明：西秦F1比南秦F1的杂交改良效果好,6～24月龄的秦川牛、南秦F1、西秦F1随着月龄的增加,胸围和体重快速增长,西秦F1的各项体尺指标总体上高于南秦F1与秦川牛,秦川牛与南秦F1差异不显著（P＞0.05）;从育肥指数上来看,24月龄的西秦F1比秦川牛平均高7.2％,差异显著（P＜0.05）,西秦F1比南秦F1高6.8％,差异显著（P＜0.05）,南秦F1与秦川牛差异不显著（P＞0.05）,西秦F1育肥效果优于南秦F1.[结论]对1～2岁秦川牛通过逐步回归得到了估测体重的多元线性回归方程,拟合度较好. 相似文献
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青海毛肉兼用半细毛羊生产性能遗传力估测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对青海省柴达木地区青海半细毛羊9个主要生产性能进行,调查研究分析。结果表明：初生重、断奶重、周岁剪毛量、羊毛细度、毛长、剪毛前体重、剪毛量都是高遗传力的生产性能,也是青海半细毛羊育种过程中鉴定选种、组群的主要选择依据;断奶重、周岁剪毛量、剪毛前体重与剪毛量之间呈强正遗传相关,断奶重可作为对剪毛量进行早期选择的生产性能指标;断奶重与羊毛细度之间呈负遗传相关。 相似文献