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为了筛选快速、灵敏的梨火疫病菌检测方法,利用常规PCR、套式PCR和实时荧光PCR方法分别对美国进境的326批樱桃果实中梨火疫病菌进行检测。结果显示,3种PCR方法的检出率不同,不同引物或探针的检出率也存在差异。在常规PCR中,引物Ams3/Ams4c、P29A/P29B和PEANT1/PEANT2的检出率分别为35.28%、24.85%和16.87%;单管套式PCR和套式PCR的检出率分别为23.01%和50.61%;4种实时荧光PCR的检出率分别为17.48%(探针PA)、32.21%(探针Ams)、29.14%(探针ITS)和23.93%(SYBR GreenⅠ)。在所有试验方法中由引物P29A/P29B和PEANT1/PEANT2组成的套式PCR的检出率最高。检测结果证实了进境樱桃果实中存在梨火疫病菌DNA,套式PCR和常规PCR(引物Ams3/4c)可用于进境樱桃样品中梨火疫病菌的常规检测。 相似文献
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免疫捕获PCR检测进境苹果果实中梨火疫病菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用梨火疫病菌抗体和PCR技术建立了梨火疫病菌免疫捕获PCR方法,检测苹果模拟样品的灵敏度达到了1.5×102cfu/reaction。与直接PCR进行比较,免疫捕获PCR方法检测苹果模拟样品的灵敏度提高了10倍以上,而且省去了DNA提取等步骤。利用该方法成功从进境苹果样品中检测到梨火疫病菌,产物测序结果表明,产物序列和梨火疫病菌的相应序列高度一致。试验结果表明,免疫捕获PCR法能除去样品中的大部分PCR反应抑制物质,可以有效检测进境苹果中梨火疫病菌,在口岸水果检疫中具有一定的应用潜力和推广价值。 相似文献
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苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌(Botryosphaeria stevensii)、美澳型核果褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)和丁香疫霉病菌(Phytophthora syringae)是为害多种水果和其他植物的重要检疫性真菌,均能侵染苹果果实导致烂果,并造成严重的经济损失。本研究设计和筛选了3对特异性引物,建立了同步检测3种检疫性真菌的普通PCR和三重PCR方法。设计的引物Bs-368 F/R、M.cola 986F/R和Psy1/Psy2能分别特异性地扩增出B.stevensii、M.fructicola和P.syringae所有供试菌株的DNA,而对相应多个近似种的DNA则无扩增。灵敏度试验结果表明,上述3对引物分别检测B.stevensii、M.fructicola和P.syringae DNA的灵敏度是41.7 pg、47.4 pg和0.375 pg,三重PCR同时检测到3种病菌DNA的灵敏度是4.44 ng。该方法可以满足对进境苹果果实携带的苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌、美澳型核果褐腐病菌和丁香疫霉病菌的快速初筛,加速进境新鲜水果的快检快放。 相似文献
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根据梨火疫病菌16S~23S间的ITS保守序列,设计并合成了一对特异性引物REA/FEA,应用荧光染料SYBR Green I,对10个梨火疫的菌株和其它相关参试菌株进行了检测。结果表明,10个梨火疫菌株都产生荧光信号而其它参试菌株都不产生荧光信号,成功建立了梨火疫病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。整个检测过程只需3h,完全闭管,降低了污染的机会,无需PCR后处理。检测的灵敏度是4个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高了10倍。用该特异性引物对梨枝条浸泡液进行实时荧光PCR检测,结果可特异性检测到目标菌的存在,并且检测的灵敏度是24个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高10倍。 相似文献
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梨火疫病和梨腐烂病是当前香梨生产中的2大重要病害。为开发防治梨火疫病和梨腐烂病的生防资源,本研究以从新疆各地州土壤样品中分离获得的粘细菌菌株为材料,采用菌苔共培养测定比较粘细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌Erwinia amylovora的捕食性能,平板对峙法测定粘细菌菌株对梨腐烂病菌Valsa pyri的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,从中筛选出对梨火疫病菌和梨腐烂病菌具有较好捕食功效和抑菌活性的菌株。通过离体叶片和枝条试验、盆栽试验评价其防效,并利用形态学和分子生物学方法对生防潜力粘细菌菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,筛选出的6个粘细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌具有较好捕食功效,捕食后梨火疫病菌活菌数显著降低,由初始的109降低至102～105cfu/m L;同时对梨腐烂病菌具有较好的抗菌活性,对菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制率分别达到70%和87%以上。综合香梨离体叶片和杜梨苗上的试验结果,菌株NST12和NST47在对梨火疫病的保护性和治疗性防效均大于75%;NST47和NST49菌株在香梨离体枝条上对梨腐烂病的保护性和治疗性防效分别达到了7... 相似文献
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为准确快速筛查进境油葵种子中携带的向日葵黑茎病菌Plenodomus lindquistii,采用常规PCR方法比较了3对向日葵黑茎病菌PCR检测引物320FOR/320RVE、LEPB/LEPF和LLF/LLR的灵敏度,对哈萨克斯坦进境120批油葵种子样品进行PCR检测,并对检测为阳性的样品进行产物序列测定及病原菌分离。结果显示,引物320FOR/320RVE的检测灵敏度最高,可达10-5ng/μL,引物LEPB/LEPF和LLF/LLR分别为10-4ng/μL和10-3ng/μL。利用引物320FOR/320RVE、LEPB/LEPF和LLF/LLR对120批进境油葵种子样品进行检测,阳性检出率分别为65%、50%和45%,阳性检出率高低与引物的检测灵敏度相一致。阳性样品扩增的产物序列与Gen Bank中向日葵黑茎病菌的序列同源性最高;分离的病原菌菌落为乳白色至灰白色,分生孢子器黑褐色、球形并产生透明状分生孢子液,分生孢子单胞、无色、肾型、两端有油球,与已报道的向日葵黑茎病菌的病原特征描述一致,初步鉴定哈萨克斯坦进境油葵种子中存在向日葵黑茎病菌。 相似文献
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为了快速准确检测进境玉米样品中的玉米内州萎蔫病菌Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis(Cmn), 根据GenBank中Cmn的16S-23S序列设计引物CM1/CM4和引物PSM1/CM3。引物PSM1/CM3仅能从供试的4株Cmn菌株中扩增获得208 bp的预期产物, 而其他36株对照菌株均不能扩增出预期条带。灵敏度测试结果表明引物CM1/CM4和PSM1/CM3组合的巢式PCR方法的检测灵敏度高于常规PCR, 检测灵敏度可达40 fg DNA或6.8 CFU目标细菌。常规PCR和巢式PCR方法对进境美国玉米样品的阳性检出率分别为8%和24%, 试验结果表明所建立的PCR方法可用于玉米样品中Cmn的快速检测。 相似文献
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梨火疫病病菌 Erwinia amylovora 疫区成熟苹果果实在该病菌远距离传播中的作用如何,意见不一致,有的人认为是提供该病菌扩散的菌源,有的人则认为不起作用。为进一步弄清这个问题,美国农业部、农业研究所、果树研究实验室等部门在1987、1988年对火疫病的疫区——华盛顿州的5个苹果产区的7个品种的苹果进行了研究,鉴定 E. 相似文献
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为了快速准确检测洋葱腐烂病菌（Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola，简称Bga），根据GenBank中Bga与相关种的序列差异设计特异引物BG5/BG7和探针Bga-P，建立了Bga常规PCR和荧光PCR检测方法。测试结果表明，引物和探针对供试的11株Bga菌株表现为阳性反应，其他64株供试菌株和空白对照均为阴性。常规PCR和荧光PCR方法的检测灵敏度分别为24 pg和240 fg菌体DNA。美国、法国、意大利等国进境的80批次洋葱种子样品的检测结果显示，这两种方法的阳性检出率分别为7.5%和12.5%。选取阳性样品进行病菌分离，成功从2批次法国进境洋葱种子中分离到目的菌。本文建立的洋葱腐烂病菌PCR检测方法可为口岸检测部门提供更高效、灵敏和特异的检测手段。 相似文献
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Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Real-time PCR was used for quantitative detection of Erwinia amylovora , the causative agent of fireblight. Specific primers were created from a DNA fragment of the common plasmid pEA29, successfully used for standard PCR identification of the pathogen. The primers amplified DNA from various E. amylovora strains, but not from other plant-associated bacteria. DNA of E. amylovora was also amplified from field samples and from inoculated apple leaves or flowers. Neither the presence of other bacteria nor low amounts of tissue extracts from bark or leaves changed the signal threshold. Assays with SYBR Green I instead of the Taqman probe showed a similar sensitivity, detecting 50 cells per assay. Real-time PCR could be especially useful for mass screening of commercial products and for resistance studies of transgenic host plants, in breeding experiments and after treatments to control fireblight. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Phytosanitary concerns about fire blight prohibit export of U.S.-grown pears to some countries without this disease. To examine these concerns, we evaluated the potential for co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature, symptomless winter pear fruit by inoculation experiments and by survey of commercial orchards. Immature pear and apple fruit were inoculated in orchards with E. amylovora strain 153N as resuspended lyophilized cells or as ooze from diseased tissues. Regardless of inoculum source, population size of Ea153N on fruit declined by an order of magnitude every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks after inoculation; at 56 days after inoculation, Ea153N was not detected, except on 1 of 450 fruit with 4 colony forming units (CFU). After inoculation of flowers, calyx-end survival of Ea153N on pear and apple fruit declined from high populations at petal fall to a few cells at harvest, with no detection of the pathogen after a 7-week cold storage. Migration of Ea153N into symptomless pear fruit from diseased branches was evaluated by enrichment assay and nested polymerase chain reaction of internal fruit core tissues; these assays failed to detect the pathogen in healthy fruit from diseased trees. At harvest, E. amylovora could not be detected on 5,599 of 5,600 fruit of d'Anjou pear sampled from commercial orchards in major production areas of the Pacific Northwest; one fruit yielded 32 CFU of the pathogen. Postharvest, mature pear fruit contaminated with Ea153N and subsequently wounded required a dose of >10,000 cells at the wound site to allow for persistence of the pathogen through a 7-week-cold storage. We conclude that epiphytic E. amylovora shows similar survival characteristics on both pear and apple fruit, this pathogen is not an endophyte within mature symptomless pear fruit, its presence is exceptionally rare on commercially produced fruit, and that epiphytic survival of E. amylovora through a postharvest chilling period is unlikely given the unrealistically high population size required for persistence. 相似文献
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Two short sequences, situated in the bacterial 23S rDNA gene, were used as primers for the PCR detection of Erwinia amylovora bacteria. All 34 E. amylovora strains tested, coming from different geographical and host plant origins and of different virulence, produced a 565-bp PCR fragment. The E. amylovora bacteria could be discriminated from all other phytobacteria with which no PCR product was observed. Only Escherichia coli bacteria were cross-recognized by the production of a weaker PCR band of similar size to E. amylovora . In a fast PCR protocol, where two temperatures were cycled, E. amylovora in pure culture could be detected on gel at concentrations as low as 3 × 102 cfu mL–1 . This corresponds to a detection limit of 1.5 bacteria per PCR. However, reliable PCR detection in woody host plant tissue was only obtained with PVP/PVPP-treated sample extracts. Using E. amylovora -spiked plant extracts and extracts of fruit tree shoots artificially infected with E. amylovora , the PCR detection sensitivity was determined to be 6.6 × 102 cfu mL–1 of extract. Starting from the plant samples, the PCR detection results were visualized on gels within 5 h. 相似文献
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Palmira De Bellis Leonardo Schena Corrado Cariddi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):11-22
A specific primer couple (E3–E4) amplifying a single DNA fragment of 111 bp from plasmid pEA29 was designed to identify, detect
and quantify Erwinia amylovora by real-time Scorpion-PCR. Specificity of primers and probe was assessed both by means of BLAST analyses and by using genomic
DNA from a large number of E. amylovora isolates and other bacteria. In Scorpion-PCR, the limit of detection was of 1 pg of total DNA and a high correlation (r = 0.999) was achieved between target DNA quantity and cycle threshold (Ct). Combining two sequential amplifications with
conventional reported primers (PEANT1–PEANT2) and Scorpion primers (E3 Scorpion-E4) the detection limit was of 1 fg (nested
Scorpion-PCR). Using serial dilution of the bacterial suspensions the limit of detection was 3.2 × 104 CFU ml−1 in Scorpion-PCR and 2.8 × 102 CFU ml−1 in nested Scorpion-PCR. Real-time PCR combined with effective procedures for DNA extraction enabled the detection and the
quantification of the epiphytic population of E. amylovora in the washings of flowers and leaves of artificially inoculated pear. A significant correlation (r = 0.92) was achieved between pathogen CFU on semi-selective media and the corresponding target DNA concentration evaluated
by real-time PCR. 相似文献
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Erwinia pyrifoliae, an Erwinia species different from Erwinia amylovora, causes a necrotic disease of Asian pear trees 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Bacteria from necrotic branches of Asian pear trees ( Pyrus pyrifolia ) in Korea were consistently isolated as white colonies on nutrient agar and formed mucoid, slightly yellow colonies on a minimal medium with copper sulphate. Isolates with this colony morphology were studied in a series of microbiological, molecular and pathological tests. Most isolates allowed the verification of Koch's postulate on P. pyrifolia seedlings and on slices from immature pear ( Pyrus communis ) fruits and were also positive in hypersensitivity tests on tobacco leaves. They showed characteristics common to species in the genus Erwinia , but were different from Erwinia amylovora , the agent of fire blight. A relationship between the novel pathogen and E. amylovora was found in microbiological and serological tests. Both organisms had similar but not identical protein patterns in 2-D gel electrophoresis, and in growth morphology the new pathogen produced colonies on MM2 Cu medium that were mucoid and slightly yellow, compared with the clearly yellow colonies of E. amylovora . No similarity was found in the plasmid profiles, and consequently no PCR signal was obtained with primers from the E. amylovora plasmid pEA29. REP-PCR also produced bands differing for the two organisms. 相似文献
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The evaluation of host-plant susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora and of colonization of host-plant tissue by individual strains was facilitated by labelling the pathogen with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Colonization of apple leaves assayed with a fluorescence microscope was associated with visual disease ratings on plants to describe virulence (= aggressiveness) of the fireblight pathogen. Resistance induced with 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and benzo(1,2,3-) thiadiazol-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH, the active component of BION™) restricted colonization by the pathogen to an area adjacent to the inoculation site. Migration in leaves was associated with symptom formation on pear slices and host plants of mutant strains. Non-virulent E. amylovora mutants did not migrate into the leaf veins and strains with intermediate-to-low virulence moved slowly. To compare the migration efficiency of individual wild-type strains in apple and plum cultivars, a blend of five wild-type E. amylovora strains with specific numbers of short-sequence DNA repeats (SSRs) in the common plasmid pEA29 was applied to distinguish them by PCR. Fast-moving strains identified in the GFP assays were dominant, independent of the apple cultivar. When apple shoots, pear slices or leaves of apple plants were coinoculated with streptomycin (Sm)-resistant strains and the corresponding parent strains, Sm-resistant mutants were able to dominate the wild-type strain for tissue colonization. 相似文献
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Specific and sensitive TaqMan real-time PCR assays were developed targeting chromosomal DNA of Erwinia amylovora ( ams C gene and ITS region). These assays increased the reliability of detection of E. amylovora strains, regardless of their plasmid profile, and have the ability to differentiate between Erwinia spp. strains from Hokkaido, Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia spp. isolated from necrotic pear blossoms in Spain. The assays were used for testing the efficiency of three different extraction methods to remove plant-based PCR inhibitors. Combined with an automated DNA-extraction method based on magnetic beads (QuickPick™), the real-time PCR assays reliably detected at least 103 cells mL−l ( c. four cells per reaction) of the pathogen from blighted woody plant material. In testing of symptomless samples, absolute quantification of E. amylovora before and after enrichment in liquid media provided proof of E. amylovora viability and its ability to multiply, including in cases when subsequent isolation in pure culture was unsuccessful. 相似文献
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Pantoea agglomerans E325, the active ingredient in a commercial product for fire blight control, was previously shown in vitro to produce a unique alkaline- and phosphate-sensitive antibiotic specific to Erwinia amylovora. Antibiosis was evaluated as a mode of antagonism on flower stigmas using two antibiosis-deficient mutants. On King's medium B, mutants E325ad1 and E325ad2 have stable smooth-butyrous or hypermucoid colony morphologies, respectively, and the parental strain E325 exhibits phenotypic plasticity with predominantly hypermucoid colonies accompanied by slower-growing, smooth-butyrous colonies. Mutants were tested against E. amylovora on stigmas of detached flowers of crab apple (Malus mandshurica) in growth chambers and apple (Malus domestica) in the orchard. Epiphytic fitness of the antibiosis-negative mutants was similar or greater than the parental strain as determined by relative area under the population curve (RAUPC). In laboratory and orchard trials, both mutants had significantly lower inhibitory activity against the pathogen (i.e., less reduction of E. amylovora RAUPC) compared with the parental strain. E325 and the mutants caused similar decreases in pH in a broth medium, indicating that acidification, which was previously reported as a possible mechanism of pathogen inhibition on stigmas, is not directly related to antibiosis. In this study we provide the first evidence for E325 antibiosis involved in E. amylovora growth suppression on apple flower stigmas. 相似文献