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酒糟是酿酒的副产物,含有丰富的蛋白质、粗脂肪和B族维生素、能量、亚油酸和许多未知生长因子,是饲喂肉牛的一种廉价、优质的饲料.用酒糟育肥肉牛时,要注意以下八点:
1 饲喂方法
开始要有一段"预饲期",逐渐增加给量.适应期内极个别牛对酒糟敏感,可根据生长情况对其限制酒糟用量.牛饲喂酒糟最适体重为250 kg,过小饲喂酒糟会影响消化.250kg以上体重肉牛的日喂量:白酒糟10～15 kg左右,啤酒糟20～30kg.可育肥架子牛可按1 kg/d的量将酒糟拌到饲草之中,让牛群适应1Od左右,再逐步加量到15kg左右.育肥中期最高每日可达到30～40 kg/d. 相似文献
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不同精料水平对肉牛瘤胃和小肠pH值的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
反刍动物瘤胃的pH值是瘤胃发酵的重要指标,对于饲料的消化有重要影响。一般情况下,瘤胃的pH值为6～7。纤维分解菌对于pH值的变化比较敏感,当pH值较低时,粗饲料的消化率下降犤1-3犦。生产实践中,为提高肉用反刍动物的饲养效果,在日粮中要添加一定量的精料,精料在瘤胃内易发酵,会产生较多的VFA和乳酸,使瘤胃pH值降低。本试验以3种不同精料水平日粮饲喂肉牛,探讨瘤胃液、十二指肠和回肠末端食糜pH值变化规律。1材料与方法1.1试验动物6头体重约400kg安装有瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠末端瘘管的西门塔尔杂交改良肉牛。1.2试验日粮按照不同精料水平… 相似文献
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李志强 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2004,(3):31-31
在肉牛生产中使用肉牛增重剂具有促进生长速度,增加牛体重、产肉量和提高肉牛胴体的瘦肉率的作用,同时使胴体的外形结合有所改善,眼肌面积增大,且对牛肉的化学成分和肉的品质没有影响。目前使用的增重剂可分为抗生素类、化学物质类和激素类。抗生素类常用的是瘤胃素即莫能霉素,对于放牧牛,前5日之内每日每头用量100mg,6d以后每日200mg。在舍饲育肥期,若以精料为主,每日用量为150～200mg;若以粗料为主,日用量为200mg,最大日用量不超过360mg。化学物质类如碳酸氢钠(小苏打),用量以混合精料量的1%～2%比例饲喂,能调节体内酸碱平衡,防止酸中毒,… 相似文献
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精料喂量与瘤胃酸中毒关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大量饲喂精料,动物对精料不适应,经常引起酸中毒(acidosis)。随着奶牛业的发展,牛群增大,数量增多和产奶量不断提高,增加精料饲喂量,已成为奶牛饲养过程中一项重要措施。在生产中发现,由于日粮中精料、块根类和糟粕类饲料喂量过大,奶牛瘤胃酸中毒在不少地区,不少牛场时有发生,致使生产蒙受一定损失。 相似文献
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全混合日粮压块饲料育肥肉牛试验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分别采用玉米秸秆、稻草秸秆与精料设计全混合日粮,配制压缩块状饲料进行肉牛育肥及屠宰测定试验,研究秸秆与精料分开的传统饲养模式与压块饲料饲喂肉牛对肉牛育肥效果的影响。结果,分别饲喂玉米、稻草秸秆与精料全混合日粮压块饲料的两试验组(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)育肥牛平均日增重分别为1259．26±161．11 g和1259．26±82．82 g,而对照组分别采用传统的精粗料分开不补喂/补喂蛋白补充料育肥牛平均日增重分别为506．17±228．48 g和318．93±119．80 g,各试验组与对照组牛之间平均日增重差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0．01);试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ(对照)间平均日增重均无明显差异(P＞0．05),表明以玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆与精料补充料等复合配制而成的全混日粮压块饲料,育肥肉牛效果较秸秆与精料分开的传统饲养模式饲喂内牛育肥效果更为好。 相似文献
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杜贺平 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2009,30(23)
1发病经过
武陟县某肉牛养殖场于2009年5月21日从吉林购进1岁半肉牛80余头.初期牛群的精神和食欲良好,牛场员工按正常的饲喂方法,饲喂青贮玉米秸秆和精料. 相似文献
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根据肉牛不同发育阶段的生理特点和补偿代谢机制,采用分阶段低精料日粮设计方案,育肥前期以粗饲料为主,适当补充蛋白饲料,育肥后期以高能量饲料为主,粗饲料作为调节适量饲喂。通过与持续精料日粮方案对比可知,低精料日粮方案育肥牛平均日增重1．57kg,较持续精料日增重相对提高了15．9％;低精料日粮方案节约精饲料用量、降低育肥成本,饲养成本较持续精料日粮方案降低了22．7％。试验结果表明,分阶段低精料日粮设计方案可减轻持续饲喂精料对育肥牛瘤胃造成的伤害,进而保证了育肥牛的健康生长。 相似文献
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饲养水平、年龄及体重对牛产肉性能影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
本研究在控制牛品种相同的条件下,分析了营养水平、年龄及体重等因素对牛产肉性能的影响。结果表明,日粮营养水平对肉的品质和产肉量都有显著的影响,活重对牛产肉量也有较显著影响,而年龄对肉质和产肉量均无显著影响。要提高牛肉的生产水平应选择体重大的个体,同时以较高营养水平的日粮饲养。 相似文献
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Mori A Urabe S Asada M Tanaka Y Tazaki H Yamamoto I Kimura N Ozawa T Morris ST Hickson R Kenyon PR Blair H Choi CB Arai T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(7):342-345
Concentrations of metabolites and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism were measured in plasma of Korean and Japanese beef cattle, which were raised by the indoor feeding system programmed to feed larger amount of roughage in their growing periods and larger amount of concentrate diet in their finishing periods (Japanese feeding system), and grazing New Zealand beef cattle. By the Japanese beef grading system, Korean and Japanese beef cattle showed high beef quality score, average grade 3.3 and 3.6, respectively. The plasma free fatty acid and lactate concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in Korean beef cattle were significantly higher than those in Japanese beef cattle. The plasma lactate concentration in Korean beef cattle was 8.40 mmol/l, which was similar to the values observed in lactic acidosis. The higher activities of plasma LDH, MDH and AST may indicate slight liver damage by slightly acidotic conditions in Korean beef cattle. New Zealand beef cattle fed on pasture which they harvest by grazing showed significantly lower plasma glucose, cholesterol, lactate and IRI concentrations and enzyme activities than those in Korean and Japanese beef cattle fed on larger amount of concentrate diets. Plasma metabolite concentrations and energy metabolism-related enzyme activities may be good indicators for evaluating metabolic conditions of beef cattle raised by different feeding systems. 相似文献
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ASAS Centennial Paper: contributions in the Journal of Animal Science to understanding cattle metabolic and digestive disorders 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Acute and subacute ruminal acidosis, bloat, liver abscesses, and polioencephalomalacia (PEM) were reviewed with respect to contributions published in the Journal of Animal Science (JAS) regarding these metabolic and digestive disorders in beef cattle. Increased grain feeding and expansion of the feedlot industry in the 1960s led to considerable research on acidosis, and early publications defined ruminal changes with acute acidosis. The concept of subacute acidosis was developed in the 1970s. Significant research was published during the 1980s and 1990s on adaptation to high-grain diets, effects of ionophores, and the development of model systems to study ruminal and metabolic changes in acidosis. Since 2000, JAS publications on acidosis have largely focused on individual animal variability in response to acid loads and the role of management strategies in controlling acidosis. Increased grain feeding also was associated with an increase in the incidence of liver abscesses, which were quickly linked to insults to the ruminal epithelium associated with acidosis. The role of antibiotics, particularly tylosin, in decreasing the incidence and severity of liver abscesses was a significant contribution of JAS publications during the 1970s and 1980s. Papers on bloat were among the earliest published in JAS related to metabolic and digestive disorders in cattle. Noteworthy accomplishments in bloat research chronicled in JAS include the nature of ruminal contents in legume and feedlot bloat, the role of plant fractions and microbial populations in the development of bloat, and the efficacy of poloxalene, ionophores, and, more recently, condensed tannins in decreasing the incidence and severity of bloat. Although less research has been published on PEM in JAS, early publications highlighting the association between PEM and ruminal acidity and the role of thiaminase in certain forms of the disorder, as well as more recent publications related to the role of sulfur in the development of PEM, are noteworthy contributions. Since the 1940s, outstanding and often-cited review articles have made JAS a highly visible source of information on these disorders. Thus, JAS has played a significant role as a repository for information pertaining to metabolic and digestive disorders in cattle and other ruminants, and it will no doubt continue to be a premier resource for information on these conditions during the second century of the American Society of Animal Science. 相似文献
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经对利木赞改良本地黄牛进行调查研究,结果表明,杂交牛体尺、体重、载肉量和经济效益等指标均较本地牛相应龄期有显著或极显著提高,改良工作快速扩展,盘活了社会丰富牛业资产,并具备大发展坚实的技术和社会基础条件. 相似文献
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对肉牛常用饲料进行营养价值评定,并选择36头6～24月龄西杂肉牛分4组分别采食不同组合日粮,试验期63～68 d.结果表明,不同饲料之间蛋白含量、有效降解率和有效能含量存在较大的差异.肉牛代谢体重干物质采食量与日粮粗蛋白含量之间存在极显著正相关关系,日增重随代谢体重采食量的增加呈直线增加,经济效益随肉牛日增重的增加而增加.以青贮 秸秆 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 秸秆 2 kg肉牛精料补充料、青贮 牧草 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 牧草 2 kg肉牛精料补充料日粮组合分别饲养西杂肉牛,日增重(ADG)分别为0.66 kg、0.90 kg、0.92 kg、1.08 kg;体况评分(BCS)分别增加0.33分、0.42分、0.56分、0.69分;日盈利分别为3.44元、4.22元、4.70元、4.41元.说明,以全株玉米青贮 优质牧草粗饲料组合饲养肉牛,再补饲含高蛋白和能促进肉牛生长及提高纤维饲料消化率的瘤胃微生物所必须矿物质的肉牛浓缩料或肉牛精料补充料,可使肉牛达到较好的增重,并获得较高的收益. 相似文献
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肉用西门塔尔牛改良云南黄牛的效果初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对云南黄牛、西门塔尔与云南黄牛的杂交牛（西本杂）体尺体重进行了测定,结果西本牛与本地牛体尺体重都有了显著提高（P＜0．01）。西本杂牛的初生、6、12、18、24月龄体重比同龄本地牛分别高出82％、18％、69％、50％、78％。 相似文献
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饲粮蛋白质水平和棉籽粕取代豆粕对肉牛育肥的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验在满足肉牛营养需要的基础上,采用棉籽粕替代饲粮中的豆粕,形成不同蛋白质水平和成本的饲粮,旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平和棉籽粕替代豆粕对肉牛育肥的影响,同时为降低肉牛育肥成本和提高育肥效果提供依据.试验选用年龄(平均年龄为28月龄)、体重[初始均重为(678±122)kg]相近的健康杂交一代阉牛(日本和牛♂×鲁西黄牛♀)40头,随机分成4个试验组,每组10头牛.预试期为15 d,正试期240 d.结果表明:蛋白质水平为14.8％的饲粮组试验牛的日增重比蛋白质水平为12.8％的饲粮组提高18.57％(P ＞0.05).与饲喂蛋白质水平为12.8％的饲粮相比,饲喂蛋白质水平为14.8％的饲粮可以显著或极显著提高肉牛的屠宰率、净肉率、肋部脂肪厚、背膘厚(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而对肉牛的胴体产肉率、眼肌面积、高档肉块占活重比例、肉骨比影响不显著(P＞0.05).同等蛋白质水平下,用棉籽粕全部或部分替代豆粕对肉牛日增重及各项屠宰性能指标的影响均不显著(P＞0.05),但棉籽粕组饲粮单价、肉牛每千克增重成本都低于豆粕组.由此得出,在肉牛育肥后期可以用棉籽粕替代豆粕,以降低成本.目前我国《肉牛饲养标准》(2004)推荐的肉牛育肥所需的蛋白质水平低于本试验用杂交一代阉牛(日本和牛♂×鲁西黄牛♀)的需要. 相似文献
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Ty B Schmidt K C Olson 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2007,23(1):151-163
The ultimate goal of feeding beef cattle is to develop a meat product that satisfies consumer needs. Nutritional management plays a significant role in determining carcass merit of beef cattle. Certain management procedures (eg, metabolic modifiers, early weaning), general animal health (eg, history of respiratory disease), and certain feed ingredients (eg, trace minerals, antioxidants) can have positive and negative effects on the overall quality of beef that is supplied to the consuming public. 相似文献