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1.
Intragastric self-infusion of ethanol by ethanol-preferring and -nonpreferring lines of rats 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An ethanol-preferring line of rats, developed by selective breeding, consumed as much as 9.4 +/- 1.7 grams of ethanol per kilogram of body weight per day through intragastric self-infusions, yielding blood ethanol concentrations of 92 to 415 milligrams per 100 milliliters. By contrast, the ethanol- nonpreferring line self-administered only 0.7 +/- 0.2 gram per kilogram per day. These findings indicate that the reinforcing effect of ethanol is postabsorptive and is not mediated by the drug's smell or taste. Hence the ethanol-preferring line of rats may be suitable animal model of alcoholism. 相似文献
2.
The ability of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP; 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day) to reduce the hypercalcemic effect of parathyroid hormone in thyroparathyroidectomized rats was confirmed. However, treatment with this large dose of EHDP enhanced the hypophosphatemic effect of a low dose of parathyroid hormone (10 international units per100 grams of body weight), apparently by promoting the renal excretion of phosphate. The data suggest that EHDP may have a direct effect on the renal action of parathyroid hormone and, in this way, may also affect vitamin D metabolism by the kidney. 相似文献
3.
Phenobarbital: effects of long-term administration on behavior and brain of artificially reared rats
Two doses of phenobarbital were given daily for 2 weeks to infant rats fed by intragastric cannulas. The larger dose (60 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) resulted in decreased spontaneous activity and increased responses to novel stimuli. The smaller dose (15 milligrams per kilogram) resulted in increased spontaneous activity and also an increase of responses to novel stimuli. The larger dose produced a 12 percent reduction in brain growth, while the smaller dose was associated with a 3 percent reduction in brain growth. 相似文献
4.
Pyrazole (4 millimoles per kilogram or 272 milligrams per kilogram of body weight), given to fasted rats 10 minutes before gavage with ethanol (4 grams per kilogram), completely prevented both the disappearance of ethanol from the blood over a 16-hour period and the ethanol-induced reduction in the ratio of oxidized to reduced hepatic nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. However, it did not affect the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver after the administration of ethanol. These results indicate that metabolism of ethanol is not required for production of fatty liver by a single, large dose of ethanol. 相似文献
5.
Ascorbic acid and the behavioral response to haloperidol: implications for the action of antipsychotic drugs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Haloperidol, a widely used antipsychotic drug, was tested for its ability to block the behavioral response to amphetamine and to elicit catalepsy in rats treated with saline or ascorbic acid (1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). By itself, ascorbic acid failed to exert significant behavioral effects, but it enhanced the antiamphetamine and cataleptogenic effects of haloperidol (0.1 or 0.5 milligrams per kilogram). These results, combined with a growing body of biochemical evidence, suggest that ascorbic acid plays an important role in modulating the behavioral effects of haloperidol and related antipsychotic drugs. 相似文献
6.
In dogs, pretreatment with the macrolide antibiotic tylosin (5 milligrams per day per kilogram of body weight) increased the incidence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia. Another group received a dose of acetyl strophanthidin which was nontoxic in controls, but which resulted in a ventricular arrhythmia in six of seven animals on antibiotic treatment. Enhancement of loss of potassium ion from the myocardium by the antibiotic was presumed to be related to the altered cardiac rhythm. 相似文献
7.
Newborn mice injected daily for 6 weeks with dl-methadone in dosages of 2 to 8 milligrams per kilogram grew significantly more slowly than their saline-treated littermates. Litters given d-methadone, 4 milligrams per kilogram, grew normally. Concomitant treatment with naloxone, 10 milligrams per kilogram, prevented growth inhibition. A weight deficit persisted in mice observed 6 weeks after cessation of methadone treatment. 相似文献
8.
After forced intragastric intubation of alcohol, rats will show a greatly increased tendency to self-administer alcohol in a free-choice situation. Diazepam (Valium) dosage (5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) during the period ow withdrawal serves to maintain undiminished such alcohol self-administration. Without such diazepam dosage the tendency to self-administer alcohol returns to control levels. 相似文献
9.
Pentylenetetrazol enhances memory function 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Pentylenetetrazol, in oral doses of 1 to 30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, significantly facilitated one-trial learning and memory retention in CF1 mice, whether administered before or immediately after the initial trial. The effects appeared significantly greater than those observed in earlier studies with oral administration of strychnine or picrotoxin at 0.2 to 0.8 and 2.4 milligrams per kilogram, respectively. 相似文献
10.
A paralyzing dose of gallamine (Flaxedil) (1 to 2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) has no effect on synaptic transmission in the cat's spinal cord. In spinal cats ventilated with oxygen, we stimulated a dorsal spinal root and recorded the compound ventral root potential. The reflex potential was not affected by 6.25 milligrams of gallamine per kilogram. Giving 12.5 milligrams of gallamine per kilogram had no significant effect on the monosynaptic spike height, but the polysynaptic response rose briefly to 12 percent above control. Increased magnitude of the polysynaptic response appeared related to a concomitant rise in blood pressure. 相似文献
11.
D B Peakall 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(931):592-594
Ringdoves given 10 parts per million p,p'-DDT showed a decrease of estradiol in the blood early in the breeding cycle and egg-laying was delayed. There was also a decrease in deposition of medullary calcium and in eggshell weight. Injection of p,p'-DDE (150 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) caused reduction of eggshell weight and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the oviduct. 相似文献
12.
Five chimpanzees were given Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)THC): 1.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight for 21 days and 4.0 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for 42 days. Although accuracy and speed of performance on a delayed matching-to-sample task were significantly affected by both doses, tolerance to Delta(9)THC did not develop. No long-term behavioral effects of Delta(9)THC were observed after termination of the drug regimens. 相似文献
13.
Oncogenicity by methyl methanesulfonate in male RF mice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The incidences of lung tumors and thymic lymphomas were increased in young adult male RF mice receiving 30 milligrams of methyl meth anesulfonate per kilogram of body weight daily in the drinking water throughout life. Differences in oncogenicity between treatment with methyl methanesulfonate and with dimethylnitrosamine or diethylnitrosamine suggest a qualitative difference between the site (or sites) of alkylation by methyl methanesulfonate and by dimethylnitrosamine or diethylnitrosamine within the nucleic acids. 相似文献
14.
R B Mailman M R Krigman R A Mueller P Mushak G R Breese 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,201(4356):637-639
Lead (200 milligrams per kilogram) was administered daily by intubation to Long-Evans rats on days 3 through 30 of life. Thirty to 180 days after cessation of lead administration, the lead-treated rats were consistently more polydipsic after lithium administration (2 millimoles per kilogram per day) than were pair-treated controls. Lithium increased the plasma renin activity equally in both the lead treated and the control groups. These data are evidence that there may be permanent neural changes induced by postnatal exposure to lead that are manifested by pharmacological challenge with lithium. 相似文献
15.
Brain serotonin cocentrations at 1 p.m. were significantly elevated 1 hour after rats received a dose of L-tryptophan (12.5 milligrams per kilogram. intraperitoneally) smaller than one-twentieth of the normal daily dietary intake. Plasma and brain tryptophan levels were elevated 10 to 60 minutes after the injection, but they never exceeded the concentrationis that occur nocturnally in untreated aninmals as result of their normal 24-hour rhythms. These data suggest that physiological changes in plasma tryptophan concentration influenice brain serotonin levels. 相似文献
16.
Inflammation and collagenase production in rats with adjuvant arthritis reduced with 13-cis-retinoic acid 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (40 or 160 milligrams per kilogram of body weight daily) significantly reduced the inflammation associated with developing and established adjuvant arthritis, an experimentally induced arthritis in rats that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. The amount of collagenase secreted in tissue culture by adherent cells isolated from the inflamed joints of adjuvant rats treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid also decreased as compared to the amount secreted by cells from vehicle-treated adjuvant rats. Collagenase is important in the joint destruction accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. The successful use of retinoids in the treatment of this proliferative but nonmalignant disorder demonstrates a new application of these compounds. 相似文献
17.
In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis. 相似文献
18.
One hour after administration of L-dopa (50 to 300 milligrams per kilogram), there is a marked disaggregation of brain polysomes in immature rats. Adult animals show a similar response, but require larger doses of the amino acid (500 milligrams per kilogram). Single doses of L-dopa significantly elevate amounts of tryptophan in the brain; hence their effect on polysomes does not result from the unavailability of this amino acid. 相似文献
19.
本文研究结果发现,蕨和毛叶蕨除引起肝、肾和心等实质细胞肿胀外,并具有明显的致瘤能力,其肿瘤发生例数分别为11/20和15/22。蕨在W大鼠引起的肿瘤为:肠道肿瘤(3/10);膀胱肿瘤(6/10)。在S—D大鼠只引起膀胱肿瘤(4/10)而无其它肿瘤。毛叶蕨在W大鼠引起的肿瘤;肠道肿瘤(5/12);膀胱肿瘤(5/12);甲状腺肿瘤(2/12);卵巢肿瘤(1/12);皮下肿瘤(1/12)。在S—D大鼠引起的肿瘤为:肠道肿瘤(3/10);膀胱肿瘤(3/10),肿瘤发生率在蕨和毛叶蕨组间以及大鼠品系之间均无明显统计学差异(P>0.1)。肠道肿瘤主要发生于回肠,往往会导致肠套叠或类套叠变化,但未见有肿瘤转移现象,在20只对照大鼠未见任何肿瘤发生。 相似文献
20.
R J Wurtman S RoseMatthysse
Forty-five minutes after intraperitoneal injection of a single dose (100 milligrams per kilogram) of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in rat brain was lowered by 76 percent. As little as 10 milligrams of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine per kilogram decreased content of S-adenosylmethionine in the adrenal medulla by 51 percent, whereas 100 milligrams per kilogram did not significantly depress concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in the liver in this time interval. Concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in the brain varied diurnally; L-dihydroxyphenylalanine lowered this concentration whether administered at the daily peak or at the nadir. 相似文献