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1.
文章旨在研究低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳水化合物酶对1~21 d肉鸡生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验选择1日龄肉仔鸡576只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共分为6种日粮,阳性对照组日粮(正常钙磷水平)、阴性对照日粮(低磷、低钙)、阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶。试验共开展21 d。结果显示:阳性对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶较单独添加植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重(P<0.05);植酸酶+碳水化合物酶较阴性对照组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05)。阳性对照组较阴性对照组显著提高肉鸡胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05);植酸酶组显著提高了总磷、有效磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05),同时植酸酶组添加柠檬酸或碳水化合物酶进一步提高了总磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05)。阴性对照组添加植酸酶显著提高了表观代谢能及干物质、总能、氮和总磷的表观沉积量(P<0.05),而植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶提高了干物质和总磷表观沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶和碳水化合物酶改善了肉鸡生长性能、提高了营养物质的消化率和沉积量,而植酸酶日粮添加柠檬酸可以改善营养物质消化率和沉积量。 相似文献
2.
《中国畜牧兽医》2019,(12)
试验旨在研究日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响。选择32头体重为(14.96±0.96)kg的健康42日龄"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加金霉素75 mg/kg、中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg及金霉素75 mg/kg+中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg。试验期为42 d。结果表明,日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉显著提高了仔猪的干物质、有机物和碳水化合物的表观消化率及表观消化能(P0.05),提高了必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸(甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸)的表观消化率及脂肪酶活性(十二指肠、空肠、回肠)和淀粉酶活性(回肠)(P0.05)。金霉素和中药复方发酵粉对仔猪日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及表观消化能和亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸的表观消化率有显著的交互效应(P0.05);与对照组相比,金霉素组和中药复方发酵粉组显著提高了日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸的表观消化率(P0.05),但两组间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加600 mg/kg中药复方发酵粉能提高断奶仔猪养分表观消化率、氨基酸表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响。选择32头体重为（14.96±0.96）kg的健康42日龄"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加金霉素75 mg/kg、中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg及金霉素75 mg/kg+中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg。试验期为42 d。结果表明,日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉显著提高了仔猪的干物质、有机物和碳水化合物的表观消化率及表观消化能（P<0.05）,提高了必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸（甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸）的表观消化率及脂肪酶活性（十二指肠、空肠、回肠）和淀粉酶活性（回肠）（P<0.05）。金霉素和中药复方发酵粉对仔猪日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及表观消化能和亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸的表观消化率有显著的交互效应（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,金霉素组和中药复方发酵粉组显著提高了日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸的表观消化率（P<0.05）,但两组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,日粮中添加600 mg/kg中药复方发酵粉能提高断奶仔猪养分表观消化率、氨基酸表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性。 相似文献
4.
采用2×2因子试验设计,选择24日龄断奶且断奶体重为(6.95±0.05)kg的三元杂交猪(杜×长×大)96头,随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。试验于31日龄正式开始,59日龄结束,研究膨化、酶处理陈化早籼糙米对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和消化道内碳水化合物消化酶的影响。结果表明,31￣45日龄及31￣59日龄的饲料转化率因膨化而显著下降(P<0.01),而且膨化与外源酶的互作效应提高了全期的料肉比(P<0.05),膨化和酶处理对日增重和采食量无影响(P>0.10)。膨化显著提高45日龄十二指肠中麦芽糖酶和59日龄糖化酶的活性(P<0.05),同时膨化显著降低空肠中59日龄所有粘膜二糖酶的活性(P<0.05)、极显著提高空肠中59日龄琢-淀粉酶活性(P<0.01)。外源酶显著提高了胰脏中45日龄琢-淀粉酶、59日龄琢-淀粉酶和糖化酶以及45日龄回肠中海藻糖酶的活性(P<0.05)。互作效应显著影响45日龄胰脏中琢-淀粉酶和十二指肠中麦芽糖酶的活性(P<0.05),同时对59日龄十二指肠糖化酶、异麦芽糖酶,59日龄空肠乳糖酶、异麦芽糖酶和琢-淀粉酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(7):17-22
旨在研究添加酶制剂和膨化处理对生长猪饲粮中脱脂米糠概略养分和矿物质在回肠末端及全消化道表观消化率的影响。试验选取4头在回肠末端安装T型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪,初始体重为(18±1.5)kg。饲喂按2×2因子设计的脱脂米糠、脱脂米糠+酶制剂、膨化脱脂米糠和膨化脱脂米糠+酶制剂4种饲粮,按4×4拉丁方试验安排分4个周期进行消化试验,每个周期10 d。结果表明:(1)在回肠末端,添加酶制剂显著提高了干物质、总能、Fe和Zn的表观消化率(P0.05),且极显著地提高了粗蛋白、灰分、植酸磷、P和Ca的表观消化率(P0.01);膨化处理显著提高了Fe的表观消化率(P0.05),且极显著地提高了植酸磷的表观消化率(P0.01),但显著降低了干物质、有机物和粗脂肪表观消化率(P0.05),且极显著地降低了总能表观消化率(P0.01)。(2)在全消化道,添加酶制剂显著提高了Cu的表观消化率(P0.05),且极显著地提高了灰分、P、Ca和Zn的表观消化率(P0.01);膨化处理显著降低了粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P0.05),且极显著地降低了干物质、有机物、总能、P和Ca的表观消化率(P0.01)。综上所述,生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中添加酶制剂可以改善养分和矿物质消化率,尤其是在回肠之前;而除矿物质外,膨化处理对米糠饲粮的大多数概略养分消化率有负面影响,两种处理方法对米糠养分的消化利用未显示出协同效果。 相似文献
6.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(5)
本试验旨在采用体内法和体外法评估辽东栎籽实(QLS)在生长猪饲粮中的营养价值。试验共由3个试验组成:试验1测定基础饲粮添加10%和20%QLS对生长猪饲粮养分消化率的影响,并采用套算法计算QLS在猪上的消化能值;试验2采用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS-Ⅲ),测定饲粮添加2%、6%和10%QLS对猪饲粮养分消化率的影响;试验3选择在6%QLS饲粮(对照组)基础上分别添加6 mg/kg单宁酶(100 000 U/g)、500 mg/kg非淀粉多糖酶(包含10 000 U/g的木聚糖酶、250 U/g的纤维素酶、1 000 U/g的β-葡聚糖酶、1 000 U/g的酸性甘露聚糖酶和500 U/g的果胶酶)以及单宁酶和非淀粉多糖酶组合的外源酶制剂,测定其对含QLS的猪饲粮养分消化率的影响。结果表明:1)试验1、试验2中饲粮总能、粗蛋白质和干物质的全肠道表观消化率(ATTP)均随QLS添加水平的提高而显著降低(P0.05)。2) 0、10%和20%QLS饲粮的消化能分别为(14.41±0.26) MJ/kg DM、(13.64±0.59) MJ/kg DM和(12.73±0.45) MJ/kg DM,以套算法计算得到QLS消化能约为6.36 MJ/kg DM。3)与对照组相比,各外源酶制剂添加组总磷的ATTP显著提高(P0.05),总能和粗纤维的ATTP有提高趋势(0.05≤P0.10),干物质、粗蛋白质和钙的ATTP无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加2%～10%QLS对生长猪饲粮养分的体外消化率有降低作用,添加单宁酶和非淀粉多糖酶对QLS饲粮的养分消化率无显著改善作用。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在评价复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清抗氧化指标和内源消化酶活性的影响。选用84头初始体重为(7.22±0.22)kg的28日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按完全随机区组设计分为2个组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,复合酶组仔猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合酶制剂(包含4 000 U/g纤维素酶、1 500 U/gα-淀粉酶、150 U/gβ-葡聚糖酶和3 000 U/g中性蛋白酶)的试验饲粮。饲养期为35 d,分为前期(1~14 d)和后期(15~35 d)2个阶段。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著降低断奶仔猪全期的料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),并有降低前期(P=0.09)及后期F/G(P=0.05)的趋势;复合酶组断奶仔猪前期及后期的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),前期有机物(OM)(P=0.07)、粗蛋白质(CP)(P=0.09)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P=0.08)以及后期CP(P=0.07)和GE的表观消化率(P=0.09)有提高的趋势。与对照组相比,在试验第14天,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著或极显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),趋于增加血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P=0.06);在试验第35天,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著提高血清GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),对血清其余抗氧化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂显著增强了空肠和回肠黏膜蔗糖酶以及回肠黏膜乳糖酶和胰脏胰脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),趋于增加空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶活性(P=0.07)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合酶制剂能通过提高营养物质的消化率和内源消化酶活性以及增强血清抗氧化能力来改善断奶仔猪机体健康水平和生长性能。 相似文献
8.
不同酶制剂在生长猪小麦型日粮中应用效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究选用4种不同的酶制剂（E1、E2、欧蒂酶(OT)、木聚糖酶）,以小麦基础日粮为试验材料,探讨不同酶制剂在生长猪小麦日粮中的应用效果。采用单因素试验设计,选用112头体重19.34 kg左右的二元（长×大）杂交猪,随机分为7个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪,公母各半。试验期8周,分为0～2周、2～4周和4～8周3个阶段,饲喂日粮分别为玉米型日粮、小麦基础日粮、小麦基础日粮+不同酶制剂（E1,E2,欧蒂酶,木聚糖酶）和低能小麦型日粮+欧蒂酶,考察酶制剂对生长猪生产性能的影响;同时,另选6头体重在20 kg左右的二元（长×大）杂交阉公猪于回肠末端安装T型瘘管,采用6×6拉丁方试验设计进行消化试验,利用内源指示剂法(AIA)测定酶制剂对营养物质的表观回肠和粪消化率。试验结果表明,与小麦基础组相比,小麦日粮中添加酶制剂能提高生长猪的平均日增重,2～4周时有提高趋势（P=0.10）;与小麦对照组相比较,E1组全期平均日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）, 木聚糖酶组和E2组差异显著（P<0.05）,欧蒂酶组差异极显著（P<0.01）。小麦日粮中添加酶制剂均能显著降低生长猪全期料重比（P<0.05）;同时,酶制剂能显著降低生长猪4～8周及全期的腹泻率（P<0.05）,E2组、欧蒂酶组、木聚糖酶组达极显著水平（P<0.01）;消化试验结果表明,酶制剂有提高日粮中蛋白质和能量的粪表观消化率,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;酶制剂的添加有提高能量的回肠表观消化率的趋势（P=0.10）;E2、欧蒂酶、木聚糖酶的添加能显著提高粗蛋白质的回肠表观消化率（P<0.05）,E1组差异不显著（P>0.05）。 相似文献
9.
本试验利用体外消化试验筛选出3种纤维素酶的最优组合,采用消化代谢试验来确定所筛选的纤维素组合酶在2个品种猪纤维性饲粮中的适宜添加量。试验以酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)为评定指标,以地瓜蔓为粗纤维来源,配制3.8%ADF和5.8%ADF的2种纤维水平的饲粮。分别选取5头体重[(25±1)kg]相近、健康去势的烟台黑猪和杜×鲁烟白杂交猪,于回肠末端安装T型瘘管,设5个最优纤维素组合酶添加量:0(对照组)、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%,采用5×5拉丁方设计进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:在5.8%ADF水平饲粮中,与对照组相比,纤维素组合酶添加量分别为0.10%和0.15%时,对2个品种猪养分消化率以及氮平衡的影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),但在3.8%ADF水平饲粮中差异不显著(P>0.05)。在5.8%ADF水平饲粮中,在纤维素组合酶添加量相同的情况下,对于必需氨基酸,蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸的回肠表观消化率烟台黑猪极显著高于杜×鲁烟白杂交猪(P<0.01);对于非必需氨基酸,除丝氨酸和甘氨酸回肠表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他氨基酸回肠表观消化率差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果提示,在5.8%ADF水平饲粮中,烟台黑猪纤维素组合酶适宜添加量为0.10%,杜×鲁烟白杂交猪为0.15%。 相似文献
10.
植酸酶和磷酸氢钙对育肥猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用体重75 kg的长白×大约克二元杂交阉公猪56头,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂常磷日粮、低磷日粮、常磷加植酸酶日粮和低磷加植酸酶日粮。每个处理14个重复,每个重复1头,研究杂粕型日粮添加植酸酶(750 U/kg)和不添加磷酸氢钙对育肥猪的生产性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明:低磷组比常磷组的采食量降低了5.04%(P<0.05),料重比增加了17.94%(P<0.01),日增重降低了19.80%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本增加了17.20%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率降低了10.16%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率降低了8.56%(P<0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);常磷加酶组比常磷组的采食量增加了2.97%(P>0.05),料重比增加了3.53%(P>0.05),日增重降低了1.70%(P>0.05),单位增重饲料成本增加了4.12%(P>0.05),磷表观消化率降低了3.46%(P>0.05),钙表观消化率降低了4.40%(P>0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);低磷加酶组比低磷组的采食量增加了7.50%(P<0.01),料重比降低了13.47%(P<0.01),日增重增加了24.30%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本降低了13.60%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率提高了42.09%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率提高了11.18%(P<0.01),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);低磷加酶组(即无磷酸氢钙日粮加酶组)与常磷组相比采食量、日增重、料重比和单位增重饲料成本均差异不显著(P>0.05),磷表观消化率提高了27.66%(P<0.05),钙表观消化率提高了1.68%(P>0.05),粗蛋白表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:低磷日粮添加植酸酶可以提高猪生长性能,提高钙磷表观消化率,但对粗蛋白表观消化率无显著影响;常磷日粮添加植酸酶对猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率均无显著影响;不添加磷酸氢钙会降低猪的生长性能和钙磷的表观消化率。 相似文献
11.
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion of Chinese storage brown rice and of exogenous enzymes supplementation to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in digestive tract of piglets. In Experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets [initially 6.95 ± 0.05 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the animals were fed the diets containing extruded Chinese storage brown rice or non‐treated Chinese storage brown rice and supplemented with or without exogenous enzymes. Each treatment had six replicate pens and four piglets in each pen. The results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of duodenal maltase after 14 days of treatment and glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment, jejunal lactase, maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment, and jejunal α‐amylase after 14 days of treatment; enzyme supplementation positively influenced (p < 0.05) the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase after 14 and 28 days of treatment, pancreatic glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment and ileal trehalase after 14 days of treatment. Similarly, interaction between extrusion and enzyme addition existed after 14 days of treatment on the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase and on the activity of duodenal glucoamylase and isomaltase, jejunal α‐amylase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase and jejunal α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment. In Experiment 2, six piglets (initially 21 ± 1.85 kg BW) fitted with ileal ‘T’‐cannulas in a 6 × 6 Latin Square Design were used to study the effects of extrusion and addition of exogenous enzymes on ileal carbohydrase activity and nutrients digestibility. The results showed that exogenous enzymes significantly (p < 0.05) increased ileal α‐amylase, glucoamylase and trehalase activity. The interaction between extrusion and enzyme supplementation had positive effect (p < 0.05) on the ileal lactase, cellobiase and sucrase activity. 相似文献
12.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a commercial enzyme mixture providing xylanase and protease activities on the di gesfibility of dietary nutrients when added to diets based on peas and wheat and fed to 9.5 to 15 kg pigs.Pigs were weaned at 18 to 21 days of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum,6 to 7 days after weaning.After 5 to 7 days for adaptation to their diets,ileal digesta,and feces were collected.Enzyme supplementation had no effect on the apparent ileal or fecal digestibility of any dietary nutrient.There Was a numerical improvement(P＞0.05)in the ileal digestibility of fiber.In conclusion.xylanase and protease appeared to be ineffective in improving nutrient digestibility when supplemented in diets based on peas and wheat fed to weaned pigs. 相似文献
13.
The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal and total tract digestibility of individual fatty acids, ether extract, energy, protein, and AA in a mix of flax and field pea (FP) and to determine whether extrusion improves the nutritive value of this mix. Five barrows (23-kg initial BW) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed 5 diets at 3 times the maintenance energy requirement according to a 5 x 5 Latin square design: a wheat and soybean meal control diet and 4 diets containing 30% raw or coextruded FP plus 70% control diet and chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. The 4 extrusion treatments included the following: 1) FP0, ground, nonextruded; 2) FP1, single-screw extruded; 3) FP2, twin-screw extruded with low intensity (screw speed 120 rpm; die temperature 110 degrees C; water input 5 kg/h); and 4) FP3, twin-screw extruded with high intensity (300 rpm; 125 degrees C; 11 kg/h). The ether extract concentration was 17.8, 19.6, 17.7, and 17.3% (as fed) in FP0, FP1, FP2, and FP4, respectively. The ADF concentration was 13.2, 11.1, 11.4, and 13.7% (as fed) in FP0, FP1, FP2, and FP4, respectively. After a 7-d acclimation, feces were collected for 2 d, and then ileal digesta was collected for 2 d. Energy digestibility in the test ingredients was calculated using the difference method. Extrusion of FP did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, OM, and CP for grower-finisher pigs. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of GE and ether extract and the DE content of FP, and the AID of the Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, and Val, and total fatty acids. Extrusion tended to increase (P < 0.10) the AID of linolenic acid. Single-screw extrusion resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of GE, OM, ether extract, and DE content of FP and AID of SFA than twin-screw extrusion. Single-screw extrusion resulted in a trend for greater (P < 0.10) AID of linolenic acid and total fatty acids than twin-screw extrusion. Twin-screw extrusion at high intensity resulted in less (P < 0.05) AID of SFA than twin-screw extrusion at low intensity, indicating that equipment and conditions should be carefully controlled for the extrusion of FP. In conclusion, coextrusion of FP increased digestibility of ether extract, fatty acids, energy, and AA. 相似文献
14.
An experiment was conducted to measure the effect of thermal treatment on the digestibility of CP, AA, starch, NDF, ADF, and energy in field peas fed to growing pigs. Five pea-containing diets were formulated. The peas included in these diets were either not heat-treated (control) or extruded at 75, 115, or 155 degrees C or pelleted at 75 degrees C. A N-free diet was also included in the experiment to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The 6 diets were fed to 6 growing pigs (initial BW: 69.3 +/- 2.9 kg) that were allotted to dietary treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. A T-cannula was installed in the distal ileum of each pig, allowing for the collection of ileal digesta. Each experimental period lasted 9 d; fecal samples were collected on d 6 and 7, and ileal samples were collected on d 8 and 9 of each period. Apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) for CP, AA, starch, and energy and standardized ileal digestibility values (SID) for CP and AA were calculated. Apparent total tract digestibilities (ATTD) for NDF, ADF, starch, and energy were also calculated. As the extrusion temperature increased, the AID and SID for CP and all AA, except Pro, increased (quadratic, P < 0.05). In contrast, except for Arg and Pro, the peas that were pelleted at 75 degrees C had AID and SID for CP and AA that were similar to those obtained for the control peas but less (P < 0.05) than the AID for the peas that were extruded at 75 degrees C. The AID for starch and energy increased (linear, P < 0.001) as the extrusion temperature increased to 155 degrees C (from 89.8 to 95.9% and from 71.5 to 79.0%, respectively), but the AID for starch and energy in the pelleted diet was not different from the AID in the control diet (90.1 vs. 89.8% and 69.1 vs. 71.5%, respectively). The ATTD for starch varied from 98.6 to 99.7% and did not differ among treatments. Likewise, no differences were observed for the ATTD of NDF and ADF. However, the ATTD for energy in the diets increased from 89.0 to 93.3% (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as field peas were extruded, and the ATTD for energy in the pelleted diet was also greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control diet (91.6 vs. 89.0%). In conclusion, extrusion of field peas increases the AID of CP, AA, starch, and energy and the ATTD of energy. Pelleting field peas at 75 degrees C does not influence the AID of nutrients or energy but improves the ATTD of energy. 相似文献
15.
Menoyo D Serrano MP Barrios V Valencia DG Lázaro R Argente J Mateos GG 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(9):2793-2800
The effects of feeding corn or rice, either raw or heat processed (HP), on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and on insulin and ghrelin concentrations in the serum were studied in young pigs. Pigs were weaned at approximately 23 ± 3 d of age and weighed 7.4 ± 1.2 kg. Each of the 4 treatments was replicated 9 times, and the experimental unit was a pig individually housed. Pigs (5 males and 4 females/treatment) were fed their respective diets ad libitum from 23 to 47 d of age. At 37 d of age, the effects of dietary treatments on the fasting and postprandial concentrations of insulin and total and acylated ghrelin were studied. The ATTD of OM, GE, and ether extract were, respectively, 4.3, 5.4, and 3.6% greater (P < 0.05) for the rice than for the corn diets, but CP digestibility was not affected. Similar results were observed for AID. Heat processing of the cereal increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD by 2.1% for OM, 3.2% for GE, 7.1% for ether extract, and 2.2% for CP and tended to increase the AID of CP (P = 0.06) and starch (P = 0.09). The postprandial serum insulin response was greater and was more prolonged in pigs fed raw rice than in pigs fed raw corn (P < 0.05). In addition, the effects of HP on serum insulin response were more pronounced with corn than with rice (cereal × HP, P < 0.05). Total ghrelin concentration was not affected by treatment, but acylated ghrelin was greater (P < 0.05) at 6 h postprandially in pigs fed rice than in pigs fed raw corn. Feeding rice and HP corn increased nutrient digestibility and insulin response in the early postprandial period and increased the acylated ghrelin response in the late postprandial period compared with feeding raw corn. 相似文献
16.
为研究饲喂频率对生长猪总能(GE)和养分的表观回肠消化率(AID)和表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)的影响,试验将24头回肠末端安装简单T型瘘管、平均初始体重为(40.7±1.3)kg的生长猪随机分到M2组(每天饲喂2次)和M12组(每天饲喂12次),每个处理组12个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期共9 d,包括5 d适应期,2 d粪样收集期和2 d食糜收集期。结果表明:平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和耗料增重比不受饲喂频率的影响(P0.1);饲喂频率对粗灰分、干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、碳水化合物(CHO)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)以及GE的AID无显著影响(P0.1);M2组的粗灰分、DM、EE、CP、NDF和GE的ATTD显著低于M12组(P0.05);M2组EE和ADF(P0.05)、NDF(P0.01)的后肠道消化率显著低于M12组;M2组ADF和CP的ATTD以及GE的后肠道消化率有低于M12组的趋势(P0.1)。由此可见,生长猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,GE和养分的AID不受饲喂频率的影响,但增加饲喂频率能提高GE和养分的后肠消化率和ATTD。 相似文献
17.
Charlotte M E Heyer Li F Wang Eduardo Beltranena Ruurd T Zijlstra 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs. 相似文献
18.
A total of 50 weaning pigs (16 d of age; 4.72 +/- 0.23 kg of BW) were selected to investigate the effect of dietary chito-oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus, apparent digestibility, and small intestinal morphology. Pigs housed in individual metabolic cages were assigned randomly to 5 treatments (n = 10), including 1 basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and 1 diet with chlortetracycline (CTC) supplementation (80 mg/kg). Fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate shedding of E. coli and Lactobacillus on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 postweaning. Fresh fecal samples collected from each cage from d 19 to 21 were stored frozen for determination of apparent total tract digestibility. On d 21, all pigs were killed to collect the middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for determination of mucosa morphology. Supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F in comparison with the control. Supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg as well as supplementation of CTC increased (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, CP, crude fat, Ca, and P, whereas COS at 100 mg/kg increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of DM, Ca, and P in comparison with the control diet. Pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS or CTC had a decreased (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea and decreased diarrhea scores compared with control pigs. Fecal samples from pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS had greater (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus counts than those from control pigs and pigs receiving diets supplemented with CTC on d 14 and 21. However, supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC decreased (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the feces on d 21 compared with the control diet. Dietary supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and of CTC increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and villus:crypt ratio at the ileum and jejunum, and COS at 100 mg/kg also increased (P < 0.05) the villus height in the ileum compared with the control diet. The current results indicated that dietary supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg enhanced growth performance by increasing apparent digestibility, decreasing the incidence of diarrhea, and improving small intestinal morphology. 相似文献
19.
Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase- and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing phytase and xylanase on nutrient digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets. In Exp. 1, 10 diets were fed to 60 pigs from 20 to 60 kg of BW to determine the effect of combining phytase and xylanase on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and growth performance. The 10 diets included a positive control diet (PC; 0.23% available P; 0.60% Ca) and a negative control diet (NC; 0.16% available P; 0.50% Ca) supplemented with phytase at 0, 250, and 500 fytase units (FTU)/kg and xylanase at 0, 2,000, and 4,000 xylanase units (XU)/kg in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 2, 6 ileally cannulated barrows (initial BW = 35.1 kg) were fed 4 wheat-based diets in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 2 added columns to determine the effect of combining phytase and xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. The 4 diets were NC (same as that used in Exp. 1) or NC supplemented with phytase at 500 FTU/kg, xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg, or phytase at 500 FTU/kg plus xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg. In Exp. 3, 36 barrows (initial BW = 55.5 kg) were fed 4 diets based on prepelleted (at 80 degrees C) and crumpled wheat for 2 wk to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on ATTD of nutrients. The 4 diets fed were a PC (0.22% available P; 0.54% Ca) and a NC (0.13% available P; 0.43% Ca) alone or with phytase at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg. All diets in the 3 experiments contained Cr(2)O(3) as an indigestible marker. No synergistic interactions were detected between phytase and xylanase on any of the response criteria measured in Exp. 1 or 2. There were no dietary effects on growth performance in Exp. 1. In Exp. 1, phytase at 250 FTU/kg increased the ATTD of P and Ca by 51 and 11% at 20 kg of BW or by 54 and 10% at 60 kg of BW, respectively, but increasing the level of phytase to 500 FTU/kg only increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of P at 20 kg of BW. In Exp. 2, phytase at 500 FTU/kg increased (P < 0.05) the AID of P and Ca by 21 and 12%, respectively. In Exp. 3, phytase at 500 FTU/kg improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of P by 36%, but had no further effect at 1,000 FTU/kg. Xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg improved (P < 0.05) AID of Lys, Leu, Phe, Thr, Gly, and Ser in Exp. 2. In conclusion, phytase and xylanase improved P and AA digestibilities, respectively, but no interaction between the 2 enzymes was noted. 相似文献
20.
Ji F Casper DP Brown PK Spangler DA Haydon KD Pettigrew JE 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(7):1533-1543
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a beta-glucanase-protease enzyme blend product (EBP) on fecal digestibility (FD), apparent ileal digestibility (AID), standardized ileal digestibility, and digestibility in the hindgut of growing pigs. Twelve ileal-cannulated, growing barrows (38.2 +/- 0.5 kg) were housed in individual metabolism crates, blocked by previous feed intake into 3 groups with 4 pigs each, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a square (group) of 3 replications of 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were basal diet (Basal), Basal + 0.05% of EBP (0.05% EBP), Basal + 0.10% of EBP (0.10% EBP), and hydrolyzed casein for measurement of endogenous amino acids. The Basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal and was calculated to have 3.36 Mcal of ME/kg and 1.1% of total lysine, as-fed basis. Feed intake of each replicate of the Latin square during the first period was 85% of the minimum feed intake of the 4 pigs during the preliminary period and was equalized within each square. The feeding level was increased by 100 g/d in each subsequent period. Each of the experimental periods was 14 d, including 4 d of dietary adaptation, 5 d of fecal collection, 3 d of transition period, and 2 d of ileal collection. Ileal effluents were collected continuously for the same 12-h interval each day. Pigs fed the EBP demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, ash, Ca, and P compared with pigs fed Basal. The AID of NDF and hemicellulose was increased (P < 0.05) by supplying the EBP either at 0.05 or 0.10% in the diets, but AID of DM and energy was not increased. The AID of acid-hydrolyzed fat tended to be greater (P = 0.051) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. Ileal digestibility of most amino acids was not affected by treatment, but the EBP reduced the apparent and standardized digestibility of methionine, alanine, and serine (P < 0.05). The difference between FD and AID of hemicellulose was lower (P < 0.05) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. These results demonstrated that the EBP fed to growing pigs improved the FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, Ca, and P, and the AID of NDF and hemi-cellulose, but the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids was not improved by supplying the EBP in corn-soybean meal-based diets of growing pigs. 相似文献