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桑螟越冬幼虫体内水分、脂肪、甘油的变化与抗寒性的关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
为预测桑螟的虫口密度及种群变化,研究了桑螟越冬幼虫体内水分、脂肪、甘油与抗寒性的关系。越冬幼虫体内含水量随气温下降逐渐减少,过冷却能力随体内水分的减少而增强,越冬后期随水分的增加而降低;越冬幼虫过冷却点的变化与体内结合脂肪的含量变化呈正相关,即过冷却能力随结合脂肪含量的升高而增强,降低而减弱;从越冬初期进入越冬期后,幼虫体内甘油含量逐渐增加,1月份增加幅度最大为1810%,越冬后期随温度升高,体内甘油含量下降。过冷却点的变化随甘油含量的不断增加而逐渐降低,12月和翌年1、2月,甘油含量最高,分别为972、1082、887mg/mL,其过冷却点也降至最低,分别为-1838、-1888和-1969℃;3、4月甘油含量逐渐减少,过冷却点随之升高。 相似文献
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桑螟越冬幼虫体内蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物的变化与抗寒性的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用分光光度法、液相色谱法及氨基酸测定仪等测定了桑螟越冬幼虫虫体、血淋巴中蛋白质、氨基酸、小分子碳水化合物等的含量变化,并分析了该类物质的含量变化与抗寒性的关系。结果表明:虫体与血淋巴中的蛋白质在越冬期间相互转移,过冷却能力变化与血淋巴蛋白质含量的增减一致,12月至翌年2月间是血淋巴蛋白质含量最高的时期,此期的过冷却点亦最低;丝氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸的含量变化趋势大致相同,含量与过冷却点的变化一致,随着寒冬的到来迅速上升,随着越冬期的结束又迅速下降,这5种氨基酸含量的变化,影响着桑螟幼虫的过冷却点和抗寒能力的变化;桑螟越冬幼虫以“小分子碳水化合物(海藻糖、甘露醇、山梨醇)氨基酸(丝氨酸,丙氨酸,酪氨酸,赖氨酸,精氨酸)甘油蛋白质结合脂肪”组成抗寒物质系统。 相似文献
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温度是影响变温动物种群行为的最主要的环境因子。在湿度大致恒定、光照相同的条件下,判定变温动物越冬机理是休眠还是滞育的手段,主要是进行温度处理。本试验即是通过温度对越冬桑螟幼虫的处理,经过试验观察与分析,初步得知:桑螟未代老熟幼虫以休眠状态越冬;在20～30℃的温区范围内,桑螟越冬幼虫均能解除休眠,正常生长发育,尤以25℃为最适发育温度。 相似文献
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采用温差热电偶法测定了紫斑螽斯越冬卵的过冷却点和结冰点,观察了越冬卵的过冷却现象。结果表明,紫斑螽斯的过冷却点为-29.6℃,结冰点为-14.1℃,在室内温度为-9℃,低温环境温度为-33.2℃条件下,紫斑螽斯过冷却点和结冰点分别出现在第4min49s和5min21s。同时,就温度因素,依据过冷却点和结冰点,讨论分析了紫斑螽斯分布的适合性。 相似文献
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桑螟生物学特性及其防治的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
桑螟在江苏省江阴地区一般一年发生5代,作者通过室内饲养与大田观察,调查了桑螟各代的经过与年生活史,统计计算了桑螟卵期、幼虫期、蛹期的发育起点温度与有效积温,调查了桑螟的越冬规律与繁殖特性,在研究桑螟全年消长规律的基础上,提出了桑螟的防治策略。 相似文献
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寄生桑树害虫桑螟(Diaphania pyloalis)的混腔室茧蜂(Aulacococentrum confusum)为容性内寄生蜂,研究该寄生蜂对寄主桑螟生长发育及营养代谢的影响,可以为制定桑螟的生物防治策略提供基础依据。测定混腔室茧蜂寄生后不同时间点桑螟幼虫的体质量及血淋巴中总糖、海藻糖和蛋白质含量:相同发育时间内,被寄生与未被寄生的桑螟幼虫体质量无显著差异(P0.05);与被寄生1 d时桑螟幼虫血淋巴中的主要营养成分含量相比,被寄生后5 d的桑螟幼虫血淋巴中总糖、海藻糖和蛋白质的含量均显著升高(P0.05),但在相同发育时间内,未被寄生的健康桑螟与被寄生桑螟幼虫的血淋巴中上述营养物质含量均无显著差异(P0.05),即营养物质含量变化主要受桑螟幼虫发育时间的影响。以上结果显示,混腔室茧蜂寄生对桑螟幼虫血淋巴中的主要营养物质含量无显著影响。基于容性内寄生蜂的特性及幼虫啮出后的取食行为,推测混腔室茧蜂是通过啮出后继续取食桑螟的身体组织而大量获取发育所需营养。 相似文献
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The critical water mass, defined as the water mass remaining in a dehydrated tick in the non-ambulatory state, differed only slightly between light and heavy mass groups of Argas walkerae and averaged 23.6% and 23.2%, respectively, in males and 28.4% and 28.0%, respectively, in females. All ticks survived dehydration to 50%, 75% or 100% of their critical water mass, and 95% of them rehydrated during their subsequent incubation at 95% relative humidity (RH) and 28 degrees C for 14 days and regained their ambulatory status. Unfed adults were able to balance water loss frequently over a period of several months. When ticks were repeatedly dehydrated at 0% RH for 14 days, females and males suffered 50% mortality after 16 and 19 cycles of de- and rehydration, respectively, over a period of 278 days and 337 days, respectively. Water itself was not attractive to either dehydrated or non-dehydrated ticks and drinking was not observed. After submergence in water for 3 days, most of the dehydrated adult ticks gained mass. Judged by 50% mortality, larvae tolerated short-term extreme chilling to -24 degrees C, nymphs 1 to -22 degrees C, nymphs II to -20 degrees C, females and males to -19 degrees C. None survived tissue freezing. At a chilling rate of 0.3 degrees C/min, mean supercooling points (SCP) ranged from -25.9 degrees C in eggs to -16.5 degrees C in unfed females. The SCP of all other stages was significantly higher than that of eggs. Mean SCPs of unfed adult ticks dehydrated to 50% or 75% of their critical water mass were significantly lower than that of fully hydrated ticks. The SCPs of ticks acclimated by several weeks exposure to 0 degrees C or to 38 degrees C were significantly lower than those of adult ticks kept constantly at 28 degrees C. 相似文献
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刈割次数对种植当年草原号杂花苜蓿生长特性产量及品质的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(11):44-48
为了明确刈割次数对杂花苜蓿草产量、营养成分、越冬率和可持续利用所产生的影响,对种植当年草原3号杂花苜蓿进行了不同刈割次数的研究试验,并对不同刈割处理下草原3号杂花苜蓿的生长特性、干草产量、营养品质及越冬率进行了测定分析。结果表明,刈割次数对种植当年草原3号杂花苜蓿平均株高、生长速度影响不显著,而对茎叶比、鲜干比、越冬率影响显著（P〈0．05）。种植当年草原3号杂花苜蓿在刈割1次处理下的茎叶比、越冬率最高,分别为0．98、95％;在刈割2次处理下的平均株高、生长速度、鲜干比较高,分别为59cm、1．30cm／d、3．76;在刈割2次处理下的全年干草总产量最高,为5211kg／hm^2;在刈割2次处理下的粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值平均值较高,分别为20．5％、140;在刈割2次处理下的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量平均值较小,分别为35．9％、40．6％。综合考量刈割次数对种植当年草原3号杂花苜蓿生长特性、干草产量、营养品质及越冬率的影响,种植当年刈割1次最佳。 相似文献
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辽宁地区樗蚕的生物学特性及人工饲育技术研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
樗蚕(Samia cynthia Walker et Felde)是一种珍贵的泌丝及食用昆虫资源。通过室内及野外人工饲育的方法,观察分布在辽宁地区的樗蚕的形态特征和生活习性,发现与分布于其它地区的樗蚕存在不同程度的差异。辽宁地区的樗蚕年发生1-2代,喜食臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、山花椒(Zanthoxylum schinifollum)、枣树(Zizyphus jujube)、黄檗(Phellodendron amu-rense)等的树叶,幼虫4眠5龄,龄期经过25-37d,饲料种类不同可造成龄期差异;以蛹滞育。人工饲育樗蚕可采用小蚕室内育,大蚕野外育的饲养形式;种茧保护可采用柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi)的种茧越冬保护技术与方法,春季种茧出库后在温度20～23℃、相对湿度75%～85%的条件下暖茧,成虫交配时间超过4h的卵孵化率较高;樗蚕的主要病害有细菌性软化病、白僵病、微粒子病,春、秋季野外饲养的樗蚕易被蚕饰腹寄蝇(Blepharip azebina)寄生危害。樗蚕茧丝的纤度为1.80～3.60dtex,茧层丝胶练减率平均为25%,茧丝中的丝素蛋白约78%。 相似文献
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The effect of forward (F) and lateral (L) creep grazing, as two possible management alternatives of intensive production systems, on the gastro-intestinal nematode epidemiology of ewes and lambs was studied. Two groups of Romanov x Rasa Aragonesa ewes rearing twins and maintained on an autumn-contaminated pasture at a mean stocking density of 35 ewes ha-1, were used. Measurements were made of the population of infective larvae on the pasture, level of serum pepsinogen, worm eggs in faeces of ewes and lambs, and lambs' growth rate. In addition, post-mortem worm counts from 'indicator' lambs were used to establish the level of infection at each rotational grazing cycle. Two different waves of nematode infection were identified. In both treatments, the over-wintering larvae were responsible for the first outbreak of parasitism which was particularly important for lambs on Treatment F. The second wave of infection apparently came up with several overlapped L3 generations and had different effects on the animals of each group. While early pasture contamination was suffered by the lambs of Treatment F, lambs on Treatment L were not seriously affected until the end of the third grazing cycle (end of May). The different grazing behaviour of lambs in both treatments appeared to be related to the outbreak of parasitism in lambs. The general pattern of liveweight gains was similar for both groups of animals. However, during the first 90 days on pasture lamb growth rate under Treatment L (193 g day-1) was significantly higher than that under Treatment F (164 g day-1). The serum pepsinogen values, worm burdens and liveweight gains indicate that under intensive systems where lateral creep grazing is allowed for lambs, the level of parasite infection is maintained within acceptable limits for the first 90 days on pasture with lambs' growth rate close to their potential. However, the parasitic consequences of grazing under a forward creeping system indicate that anthelmintic drenchings should be used at lambing and at 3-week intervals thereafter during the first 42 days on pasture, after which the risk of contamination from the over-wintering population is over. 相似文献
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Christian Friis 《Veterinary research communications》1983,7(1):349-352
The renal excretion of organic acids involves three mechanisms: glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and passive tubular reabsorption. The postnatal development of each of these mechanisms was assessed in piglets. From birth to 8 weeks of life glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and clearance of p-amino-hippurate (PAH) rose twofold while the maximal tubular secretion of PAH (TmPAH) rose fourfold. Thus, the active secretion increased in parallel with GFR when the transport mechanism was unsaturated, whereas it increased about twofold more than GFR at saturation point. Age differences in the passive reabsorption were evaluated by using sulphachlorpyridazine (SCP) as test substance. Although the renal handling of SCP includes both secretion and reabsorption, the age-dependent rise in the ratio between clearance of ultrafiltrable SCP and GFR indicated a relative decrease in reabsorption with age. 相似文献