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以三种栽培大麦品种为母本,三种球茎大麦为父本进行杂交。诱导栽培大麦单倍体,结果杂交成胚率平均为47.9％,幼胚离体培养成苗率平均为54.0％。这些胚培苗的根尖细胞染色体数目分别含有7,14,21条,不同组合杂交后代含有的染色体数目不同,所有含有7条染色体的后代,其染色体C-带带型显示为父本栽培大麦的染色体,表明该后代为栽培大麦单倍体,用滴加0.04％秋水仙素的Knop溶液进行单倍体植株的染色体加倍,结果加倍率达90％以上,另外,我们还讨论了染色体消失法诱导单倍体的优越性及其机理。 相似文献
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球茎大麦在大麦育种上的应用：Ⅰ.大麦单倍体的诱导与加倍单倍体的 … 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以三种栽培大麦品种为母本,三种球茎大麦为父本进行杂交,诱导栽培大麦单倍体,结果杂交成胚率平均为４７．９％。幼胚离体培养成苗率平均为５４．０％。这些胚培苗的根尖细胞染色体数目分别含有７,１４,２１条,不同组合杂交含有的染色体数目不同,所有含有７条染色体的后代,其染色体Ｃ－带带型显示为父本栽培大麦的染色体,表明该后代为栽培大麦单倍体,用滴加０．０４％秋水仙素的Ｋｎｏｐ溶液进行单倍体植株的染色体加倍,结 相似文献
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植物激素对石刁柏花药培养中染色体倍性变异的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在石刁柏花药培养过程中,2,4-D在引起愈伤组织细胞染色体倍性变异方面起主导作用,高浓度的2,4-D虽然能提高愈伤组织中单倍体细胞的频率,但同时又加剧其多倍化。不同激素配比的分化培养基在诱使再生植株染色体倍性变异方面存在着明显差异。在附加1.0ppmBA和0.2ppmIBA的培养基上,再生植株茎尖单倍体细胞频率最高,达31.17％。比较愈伤组织和再生植株的染色体倍性变异幅度,发现后者明显地大于前者。 相似文献
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单倍体小黑麦的不正常减数分裂将使 A、B、D、R4个染色体组的28条染色体进行随机分配,形成一系列具有不同大小、不同生活力、不同染色体数目和不同染色体组合的小孢子。对单倍体小黑麦花药培养的预备试验已经说明,如果选用具有高诱导率和绿苗高分化率的单倍体小黑麦品系或细胞系作为花药供体,由此获得大量愈伤组织和花粉植株 相似文献
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Wei SHANG Shen-Qing-Yu ZHAO Jiang-Bo DANG Qi-Gao GUO Guo-Lu LIANG Chao YANG Yan ZHANG Yi-Yin CHEN 《作物学报》2018,44(11):1640-1649
以烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)品种云烟87的八倍体(2n=8x=96)和野生烟草N. plumbaginifolia (2n=2x=20)的基因组DNA为模板,对340对烟草SSR引物进行筛选以获得能扩增多态性条带的引物。利用多态性引物对种间杂交后代及190株回交后代的基因组DNA进行扩增,并对N.plumbaginifolia中的SSR标记的连锁情况进行简要分析。经筛选获得了多态性引物29对。结果显示,在190株后代中, 159株的基因组DNA能扩增出N. plumbaginifolia的特异SSR位点,可以判定该159株为N. tabacum的N. plumbaginifolia异源染色体植株,其余31株植株可能不含有N. plumbaginifolia的染色体。经UPGMA聚类分析,本群体中植株的遗传多样性较为丰富,部分分子标记在后代中的出现具有完全相关性。29个标记中14个可确定来源于5条不同染色体,N.plumbaginifolia的29个位点在回交后代中的扩增效率并不相同,且效率均较低(低于31.00%),说明该杂种中N. plumbaginifolia基因组的垂直传递效率较低。利用SSR分子标记可以判定云烟87八倍体与N.plumbaginifolia杂交获得的后代为真杂种,且自该远缘杂种回交后代中筛选获得大量异源染色体植株。这些结果和筛选获得异源染色体植株为进一步创制N.tabacum-N.plumbaginifolia抗黑胫病单体附加系以及易位系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的创建和鉴定——Ⅰ. 小麦花药培养对创建普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过顶芒山羊草(Aegilops comosa 2n=2x=14,MM)与波斯小麦(Triticumpersicum 2n=4x=28,AABB)杂交,人工合成遗传上相对稳定的双二倍体(2n=6x=42,AABBMM),以此为桥梁,与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种“欧柔”进行正反杂(回)交,借助花药培养过程中能产生非整倍单倍体和非整倍双倍体的特点,在改良C_(17)固体培养基上接种花药,诱导愈伤组织,获得145株绿色花粉植株,从中选择6株2n=44的双倍体和9株n=22的单倍体,用0.1％秋水仙素加倍处理n=22的单倍体,于花粉母细胞减数分裂时期进一步检查染色体构型,选择出6份21对染色体并附加有1对落后染色体的材料。 相似文献
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玉米生物诱导孤雌生殖单倍体影响因素研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米单倍体育种技术能显著缩短育种周期,提高育种效率,在现代商业化育种中占有重要的地位。规模化高效单倍体的产生是单倍体育种技术应用的前提条件。总结了父本诱导系、母本的遗传背景、诱导的环境、授粉方式等影响玉米生物诱导孤雌生殖单倍体产生的因素,通过文献综合分析得出了获得大量的孤雌生殖单倍体除了选择合适的高频率孤雌生殖诱导系外,同时要考虑其他诱导因素的影响。并就高效生产孤雌生殖单倍体的未来研究及发展方向进行了讨论,以期促进单倍育种技术的规模化应用。 相似文献
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The induction of haploid plants from F1 hybrids between CMS shallot with Allium galanthum cytoplasm and common onion was examined. Starting with 535 unpollinated flowers cultured in B5 medium 25 seedlings from part
henogenetic embryos were obtained of which 13 seedlings survived. Eleven seedlings were determined as haploid plants (2n = x = 8) and 2 seedlings were doubled haploid plants (2n = 2x = 16). All haploid and doubled haploid plants preserved chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from A. galanthum. Segregation in different characters was observed among the haploid plants. The haploid and doubled haploid plants exhibited
the different combinations of genes from shallot and common onion. Crossing of the doubled haploid plants with other shallot
strains, common onion cultivars or related species may produce excellent F1 hybrids for bulb production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. III. Ability of winter wheat F1 populations with the two heterozygous 1AL–IAS/1AL–IRS and 1BL–1BS/1BL–IRS chromosome pairs Application of anther culture to four F1 hybrids between the IBL–IRS (‘Amigo’) and several 1BL–IRS wheat-rye translocation forms yielded 129 green pollen plants in an average embryo induction frequency of 17.6 %. A total of 2632 anthers was inoculated. 25 % and 42 % of the regenerated plants were haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid, and 33 % had abnormal chromosomal structure. After chromosome doubling treatment 87% of all pollen plants set seeds. By means of multiple peroxidases and Giemsa C-banding patterns, the anther culture progeny could be further classified into 16 plants without the short arm of IR-chromosome of rye, 21 IAL–IRS and 50 1BL–IRS translocation lines and into 16 IAL–IRS, IBL–IRS double translocation lines according to the four possible characteristic types of F2 gametes of the tested F1 hybrids. Advantages of the haploid technique for the selection of desirable traits and the meaning of the IRS genes in wheat are discussed. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to expedite disease-resistance breeding in canola by screening haploid plants against blackleg disease. Microspore-derived haploid plantlets from 14 unrelated crosses were inoculated with Leptosphaeria maculans pycnidiospores and were rated as resistant, intermediate or susceptible. Blackleg-inoculated and control haploid plants were then colchicine-treated to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines. The DH lines thus produced were again screened against blackleg using the cotyledon bioassay. In general, the proportion of the resistant DH lines derived from selected resistant haploid plants was much higher than the proportion of resistant DH lines from control haploid populations. There was no detrimental effect on the survival of haploid plants after the combined treatment of blackleg inoculation and colchicine. The importance of the micro-environment on the final outcome of plant-pathogen interaction in case of non-obligate pathogens is also discussed. 相似文献
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Properties of maternal haploid maize plants and potential application to maize breeding 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
S. T. Chalyk 《Euphytica》1994,79(1-2):13-18
Summary Presented are the results of a two-year study of haploid maize plants in the field. The haploids were produced with the aid of inducer line ZMS. In total, 604 and 1030 haploids were obtained and studied in the first and second years, respectively. Tassels of haploid plants were found to be almost completley sterile. Fertility of ears was studied by pollinating them with the pollen from diploid inbred lines, the cross resulting in almost all of the haploid ears carrying kernels. On average 27.4 kernels per ear of haploid plant were obtained in the first year of study and 26.3 in the second. These gave rise to normal diploid plants. This property allows genotypes selected at the level of haploid plants to be involved in breeding process. Unusual plants were found among haploids, phenotypically resembling homozygous lines. It was assumed that the plants had resulted from spontaneous chromosome doubling in haploids. The results of comparative studies of progenies of unusual plants and inbred lines derived from the same synthetic population are presented. 相似文献
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P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(3):181-187
The comparison, between the efficiency of anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosum method in barley was extended to the chromosome number distributions of all planes derived from the two techniques and the proportions of fertile doubled haploid plants which survived until maturity. The frequencies of haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid plants which were useful for practical breeding purposes were found to be around 90 % for both techniques. The remainder consisted of polyploid, mixoploid and aneuploid variants in the case of microspore-derived plants and diploid interspecific hybrids in the progeny of the H. bulbosum method. The ploidy level distributions of the microspore- and H. bulbosum-derived plants appeared to be independent of the genotype of the donor. There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the proportions, of plants which survived a severe winter and the production of fertile doubled haploid plants. Both techniques can therefore complement each other in a breeding programme and their relative merits are discussed. Possible ways of improving doubled haploid production in barley are suggested for increasing its use in breeding schemes. 相似文献
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Summary To produce hexaploid (or other polyploid) hybrids, diploid or tetraploid Hordeum vulgare was crossed with hexaploid or octoploid H. bulbosum, and perennial triploid hybrids between the two species were treated with colchicine. The crosses did not yield viable plants: seedset was low, the seed aborted and embryo culture was unsuccessful. The colchicine treatments geve rise to plants in which hexaploid chromosome numbers were observed. At the hexaploid level chromosomal instability occurred, resulting in chromosome elimination.The colchicine-treated triploid hybrids showed in the first years after the treatment better fertility after open flowering than untreated plants, but the level of fertility remained very low. The offspring consisted of haploid, diploid and approximately triploid plants like H. vulgare, tetraploid and approximately tetraploid plants like H. bulbosum, and plants with hybrid morphology and unstable chromosome number, which were highly sterile. Thus the crossing barrier between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum could not be broken down at higher ploidy level. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of the male parent on the production of embryos and haploid plants in durum wheat crossed with maize and pearl millet, to find a proper trait to identify the most efficient pollinators and to evaluate the mixtures of pollen. Two genotypes of durum wheat, low and high responding, were crossed with eight pollen samples: (i) three maize hybrids, (ii) three pearl millet inbred lines, (iii) a mixture of maize pollen and (iv) another mixture of pearl millet pollen. No significant differences on embryos and haploid plant production were observed among the four samples of maize pollen, but there were clear genotypic differences for the production of haploids between genotypes of pearl millet. The best pearl millet genotype produced significantly more haploid plants than the other two and the mixture of pollen. There was no correlation between the production of embryos and haploid plants. Therefore, the production of haploid plants must be the criterion to identify superior pollinators. In addition, a mixture of pollen is inappropriate except when using genotypes previously identified as good pollinators. 相似文献
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Early spontaneous diploidization of maternal maize haploids generated by in vivo haploid induction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The production of doubled haploid (DH) lines has become a key technology in maize (Zea mays L.) research and breeding. However, most of the haploid plants are sterile and in many cases artificial chromosome doubling involves the use of costly and toxic chemicals. Here, we report a special kind of doubled haploid named the early doubled haploid (EH) that was generated directly by in vivo haploid induction. We found 83 EH plants induced from the hybrid Zhengdan958, 55 families of its F2:3 population and the parental lines, all of which were confirmed to be homozygous diploids via flow cytometry and 104 SSR markers. The progeny of EH0 (EH1) behaved in the same manner and showed the same potentialities as the parents of Zheng58 and Chang7-2. EH plants were also detected in other genetic backgrounds at a frequency of 1–3.5 % based on the total number of haploid plants. Because the EH lines exhibited completely fertility and were obtained from induction directly in one step, they could be used in DH breeding as a new breeding strategy. According to our observations, it is likely that spontaneous doubling in EH occurred during embryo development when haploid induction. The possible mechanism of EH is also discussed. 相似文献
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In cereals, chromosome doubling of microspore-derived haploid plants is a critical step in producing doubled haploid plants.
This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of incorporation of colchicine in the induction medium for anther culture,
and the effect of colchicine on anther culture-derived plants of triticale grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. In
the latter case, chromosome doubling of adult sterile plants derived from anther culture of fourteen triticale populations
was attempted, where androgenetic plants with non-dehiscent anthers were cloned and subjected to the colchicine treatment,
and then grown with the aid of hydroponics. The hydroponic system provided optimal conditions for recovery of the affected
haploids from the toxic effects of colchicine treatment and all colchicine-treated plants survived. A topcross-F1 (TC1F1) population with timopheevii cytoplasm produced the highest percentage of plants with seed-set either due to chromosome doubling
by colchicine (98%) or spontaneous doubling of chromosome number (15%). Colchicine-treated anthers performed inferior than
control in both induction and regeneration phases. One of the key observation of this study was the reversal from reproductive
stage back to the vegetative stage which in turn enabled further cloning of haploid plants under hydroponic conditions once
they were identified as sterile. The one hundred percent survival rate of in vitro-derived plants, 100% survival rate of colchicine treated haploid plants and the high chromosome doubling success rate (X
= 82.3) observed in this study imply that a temperature-controlled greenhouse with an hydroponic system provides an efficient
environment for inducing chromosome doubling of haploid plants in cereals.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献