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1.
氯霉素人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体的制备 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
将氯霉素以重氮化方法使之分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)载体蛋白连接．三种偶联物选择其中两个分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及ELISA试验，结果产生了特异性抗体。交叉试验表明：产生的特异性抗体与氯霉素反应明显，与其他类似物交叉反应不明显。 相似文献
2.
磺胺甲噁唑人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体的制备 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将磺胺甲噁唑以重氮化方法使之分别与人血清白蛋白(HSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)载体蛋白连接,分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及ELISA试验,结果产生了特异性抗体。交叉试验表明:产生的特异性抗体与磺胺甲口恶唑反应明显,与其他类似物交叉反应不明显。 相似文献
3.
磺胺甲(口恶)唑人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体的制备 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将磺胺甲(口恶)唑以重氮化方法使之分别与人血清白蛋白(HSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)载体蛋白连接,分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及ELISA试验,结果产生了特异性抗体.交叉试验表明:产生的特异性抗体与磺胺甲(口恶)唑反应明显,与其他类似物交叉反应不明显. 相似文献
4.
唑人工抗原的合成及多克隆抗体的制备将磺胺甲(口恶)唑以重氮化方法使之分别与人血清白蛋白(HSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)载体蛋白连接,分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及ELISA试验,结果产生了特异性抗体.交叉试验表明产生的特异性抗体与磺胺甲(口恶)唑反应明显,与其他类似物交叉反应不明显. 相似文献
5.
以重氮化方法将磺胺甲噁唑分别与人血清白蛋白(HSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)载体蛋白连接,分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)试验,经筛选产生了特异性单克隆抗体。交叉试验表明:产生的特异性抗体与磺胺甲噁唑反应明显,与其他类似物交叉反应不明显。 相似文献
6.
通过N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯法将诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星和沙拉沙星分别与牛血清白蛋白偶联制备免疫抗原,与卵清白蛋白偶联制备检测抗原,筛选一种可用于多种氟喹诺酮残留的检测抗体。将免疫抗原分别免疫獭兔制备多克隆抗体,采用间接竞争ELISA法测定抗体特异性。诺氟沙星抗体特异性较强,与同类药物的交叉反应较少,沙拉沙星抗体与同类药物发生交叉反应最多,且与诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的交叉反应率较高。结果表明,确定沙拉沙星抗体作为进一步研究的抗体。 相似文献
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盐酸克仑特罗单克隆抗体的研制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究通过将盐酸克仑特罗分别与自制血清白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和卵清蛋白相偶联后，制成免疫原和包被抗原，利用单克隆抗体制备技术，制备了能够分泌抗盐酸克仑特罗的单克隆抗体细胞株。而以自制血清白蛋白效价最好，且该株细胞分泌的抗体特异性强，与其它克仑特罗类药物无交叉反应。 相似文献
11.
Serum chloramphenicol concentrations in preruminant calves: a comparison of two formulations dosed orally 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. M. HUFFMAN C. H. CLARK J. D. OLSON L. BALL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1981,4(3):225-231
Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were determined after oral doses (55 mg/kg body weight) were administered to 7–9 day old Holstein-Friesian calves. Chloramphenicol in an oral solution produced greater serum concentrations than did an equivalent dose of chloramphenicol in capsules ( P <0.005). A second dose of each formulation administered 12 h after the first dose elevated serum chloramphenicol concentrations significantly ( P <0.001). The average serum chloramphenicol concentration exceeded 5 μg/ml of serum 1 h after administration of the solution compared with 4 h for the capsules. Average serum chloramphenicol concentration was greater than 5 μg/ml for at least 12 h after the dose was administered for both formulations. Of the eight calves receiving repeat doses of chloramphenicol, seven (87.5%) developed diarrhea in 76 ± 8.6 h. Six of the eight calves (75%) died during or shortly after the period of chloramphenicol administration. 相似文献
12.
Wesongah JO Murilla GA Guantai AN Elliot C Fodey T Cannavan A 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(1):68-73
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic shown to have specific activity against a wide variety of organisms that are causative agents of several disease conditions in domestic animals. Chloramphenicol has been banned for use in food-producing animals for its serious adverse toxic effects in humans. Due to the harmful effects of chloramphenicol residues livestock products should be free of any traces of these residues. Several analytical methods are available for chloramphenicol analysis but sensitive methods are required in order to ensure that no traces of chloramphenicol residues are present in edible animal products. In order to prevent the illegal use of chloramphenicol, regulatory control of its residues in food of animal origin is essential. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chloramphenicol has been locally developed and optimized for the detection of chloramphenicol in sheep serum. In the assay, chloramphenicol in the test samples and that in chloramphenicol-horseradish peroxidase conjugate compete for antibodies raised against the drug in camels and immobilized on a microtitre plate. Tetramethylbenzidine-hydrogen peroxide (TMB/H2O2) is used as chromogen-substrate system. The assay has a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL of serum with a high specificity for chloramphenicol. Cross-reactivity with florfenicol, thiamphenicol, penicillin, tetracyclines and sulfamethazine was not observed. The assay was able to detect chloramphenicol concentrations in normal sheep serum for at least 1 week after intramuscular injection with the drug at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The assay can be used as a screening tool for chloramphenicol use in animals. 相似文献
13.
Summary Serum chloramphenicol concentrations were determined by microbiological and chemical assay methods in cows, ewes, and goats treated parenterally with seven different veterinary parenteral chloramphenicol products, including the water soluble sodium succinate ester of chloramphenicol and solutions of 20%, 25% and 50% of chloramphenicol base in various organic solvents. Serum drug concentrations were analyzed for the effect of product formulation differences, dosage, whether the drug was administered i.m. at a single body site or to two sites, and the method of assay, on the absorption from the injection site, peak drug levels, and the persistence in serum of effective concentrations of the drug i.e. 5 to 10 ug / ml. Although differences were observed among the 6 products containing chloramphenicol base in respect to absorption rate and peak serum drug levels, and although these differences significantly influenced the persistence of microbiologically-active serum drug concentrations at the level of ≥ 10 μg / ml, they did not at the level of ≥ 5 μg / ml. In the animal species examined, injections given at 2 sites appeared to influence the duration of predetermined serum drug levels more than the differences among the products in respect of the absorption and elimination rates from serum, the peak serum concentrations, and the dose. The shapes of the concentration-to-time curves in cows and ewes injected with the same dose of a given product were essentially the same, but they were different in goats. Serum chloramphenicol concentrations measured chemically after treatment with chloramphenicol base were 20% to 46% higher than those measured microbiologically. For 60 minutes after the sodium succinate ester had been administered i.v. and i.m. to ewes, the chemically determined chloramphenicol levels were more than twice as high as the respective concentrations determined by microbiological assay, but thereafter, the magnitude of those differences was not greater than observed after treatment with chloramphenicol base. Intramuscular bioavailability of the products containing chloramphenicol base injected at 2 sites was rather poor (51% to 80.5%ofthe dose) and even lower values were calculated after injection at a single site. Results are briefly discussed of the effect of dosage form on the persistence of microbiologically effective serum drug levels. A dose of at least 50 mg / kg to be administered i.m. at two sites are essential prerequisits for chloramphenicol therapy in ruminants. 相似文献
14.
Summary Serum chloramphenicol concentrations were determined by microbiological and chemical assay methods in cows, ewes, and goats treated parenterally with seven different veterinary parenteral chloramphenicol products, including the water soluble sodium succinate ester of chloramphenicol and solutions of 20%, 25% and 50% of chloramphenicol base in various organic solvents. Serum drug concentrations were analyzed for the effect of product formulation differences, dosage, whether the drug was administered i.m. at a single body site or to two sites, and the method of assay, on the absorption from the injection site, peak drug levels, and the persistence in serum of effective concentrations of the drug i.e. 5 to 10 ug / ml. Although differences were observed among the 6 products containing chloramphenicol base in respect to absorption rate and peak serum drug levels, and although these differences significantly influenced the persistence of microbiologically‐active serum drug concentrations at the level of ≥ 10 μg / ml, they did not at the level of ≥ 5 μg / ml. In the animal species examined, injections given at 2 sites appeared to influence the duration of predetermined serum drug levels more than the differences among the products in respect of the absorption and elimination rates from serum, the peak serum concentrations, and the dose. The shapes of the concentration‐to‐time curves in cows and ewes injected with the same dose of a given product were essentially the same, but they were different in goats. Serum chloramphenicol concentrations measured chemically after treatment with chloramphenicol base were 20% to 46% higher than those measured microbiologically. For 60 minutes after the sodium succinate ester had been administered i.v. and i.m. to ewes, the chemically determined chloramphenicol levels were more than twice as high as the respective concentrations determined by microbiological assay, but thereafter, the magnitude of those differences was not greater than observed after treatment with chloramphenicol base. Intramuscular bioavailability of the products containing chloramphenicol base injected at 2 sites was rather poor (51% to 80.5%ofthe dose) and even lower values were calculated after injection at a single site. Results are briefly discussed of the effect of dosage form on the persistence of microbiologically effective serum drug levels. A dose of at least 50 mg / kg to be administered i.m. at two sites are essential prerequisits for chloramphenicol therapy in ruminants. 相似文献
15.
Bioavailability of chloramphenicol in cattle: variation with the number of injection sites and the concentration of the pharmaceutical preparation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lamothe P Panisset JC Malo R Couture Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(9):269-271
A bioavailability study of three commercial chloramphenicol preparations was carried out in cattle in order to determine the influence of the number of muscular injection sites and the concentration of the product on the level of chloramphenicol serum concentration. Results show that chloramphenicol should be injected at the dose of 22 mg/kg at multiple injection sites to reach 5 μg/mL of serum which is considered to be the minimal inhibitory concentration. 相似文献
16.
P. Archimbault C. Boutier R. Fellous 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1980,21(12):323-327
Serum concentrations and factors affecting the blood bioavailability of chloramphenicol in bovine
The authors have compared the serum concentrations and the factors affecting blood bioavailability of chloramphenicol after intramuscular administration of canadian commercial preparations containing 500 mg/mL of antibiotic.
The animals (dairy cows and heifers) received each drug (20 mg/kg) in one or two injection sites. The serum samples, analysed by colorimetric or microbiological methods, showed that considerable differences in concentration exist between the two methods.
The evolution of biodisponibility factors proved identical in both cases. It appears that therapeutic levels of chloramphenicol are reached only by drug A for four to five hours.
The usual dosage (2-10 mg/kg), by intramuscular route, is not sufficient to attain these active concentrations using the other drugs. However, the important variability obtained during the experiment and reflected in the standard deviation values, has not proved that drug A has a better bioavailability based on the criteria of the only microbiological analysis.
相似文献17.
G E Burrows R D Tyler A L Craigmill P B Barto 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(8):1586-1591
Pharmacokinetic values and possible toxic effects of chloramphenicol on bone marrow and hematologic and serum chemical values were determined in newborn calves given the drug (IV) once a week or in repeated doses, 12 hours between doses. The rates of elimination for chloramphenicol and antipyrine also were compared. Chloramphenicol also was administered to older calves by IM and subcutaneous routes, with an apparent bioavailability of 50% to 60%. The elimination half-lives for both chloramphenicol and antipyrine were markedly increased in the newborn calf for at least the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. Despite the high and prolonged serum chloramphenicol concentrations in these calves, there was little or no indication of toxic effects. Bone marrow aspirates did not reveal any signs of intoxication such as cytoplasmic or nuclear vacuolation. Marrow cellularity was not recognizably different from the control group. 相似文献
18.
Penetration of penicillin G, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol into interstitial fluid of calves was estimated using subcutaneously implanted, multiple perforated spherical polypropylene capsules as a model. Antibiotic concentrations were determined in simultaneously withdrawn serum and capsular fluid (CF) samples at intervals after single and multiple intramuscular injections of antibiotics at recommended dose schedules. Peak concentrations of penicillin G in CF were 57% of those in serum, and the drug was eliminated from CF at a slower rate than from serum. Dihydrostreptomycin diffused into CF to a limited degree and was eliminated from CF much more slowly than from serum leading to gradual drug accumulation in CF upon repeated dosing. Multiple injections of oxytetracycline resulted in CF drug levels comparable with those in serum. Concentrations of chloramphenicol in CF were generally similar to free (non-protein bound) serum drug levels. CF concentrations of penicillin G were within the range of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drug for pathogenic gram positive micro-organisms and CF levels of dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol were apparently sufficient to inhibit the majority of gram negative pathogens involved in bovine injections. Advantages and limitations of the tissue cage model are briefly discussed. 相似文献
19.
J. J. VAN DER LEE J. F. M. NOUWS F. W. R. BLOEMENDAL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1982,5(3):161-175
The disposition of chloramphenicol after intramammary and intravenous administration was followed through determinations of chloramphenicol in blood and milk by means of high-performance differential pulse polarography. The concentration-time curves obtained reflected the different modes of administration, and allowed calculation of some pharmacokinetic parameters. The results of the polarographic determination in blood agreed fairly well with those of the microbiological assay in serum. Several body fluids and tissues of the cows were examined for residues of chloramphenicol and degradation products, both by the microbiological method and by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. In urine, chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide were found; in the other fluids and tissues only now and then a trace of chloramphenicol or a degradation product was detected. From these results it appears that chloramphenicol and degradation products are eliminated rapidly and completely after intravenous or intrammary application. No accumulation of degradation products occurred. 相似文献
20.
M P Brown R H Kelly R R Gronwall S M Stover 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(3):578-580
Six healthy adult mares were given a single IV dose (25 mg/kg of body weight) of chloramphenicol sodium succinate. Chloramphenicol concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The highest measured serum chloramphenicol concentration was 6.21 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour. Chloramphenicol was detected in synovial and peritoneal fluids, with mean peak concentrations of 3.89 micrograms/ml and 3.50 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 0.5 hour. Serum and synovial concentrations declined rapidly and were not measurable at 3 hours. Chloramphenicol could not be detected in peritoneal fluid at 6 hours. The serum half-life was 0.43 hour and the apparent volume of distribution was 2.83 L/kg. Urine concentrations of chloramphenicol peaked at 0.5 hour at 106.72 micrograms/ml and also declined rapidly. The drug could not be detected in the urine at 36 hours. 相似文献