共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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丛枝菌根真菌修复设施蔬菜连作障碍机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
连作障碍问题严重制约着我国蔬菜产业的发展,造成连作障碍的原因主要有土壤理化性状恶化、植物自毒作用、土壤微生物区系变化等。解决连作障碍的措施有很多种,生物防治是其中之一。丛枝菌根真菌能与植物形成共生体,研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌能够改善连作土壤的生物环境问题、减少作物连作产生的自毒物质、改变土壤微生物区系等,在一定程度上能有效地防治连作障碍。笔者分析了丛枝菌根真菌缓解蔬菜连作障碍的作用机制,合理评价AM真菌克服蔬菜连作障碍的潜力,为解决蔬菜连作障碍问题提供新的研究方向和生物技术依据。 相似文献
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菌根（mycorrhiza）是自然界普遍存在的植物共生现象，即土壤中的真菌与植物根系所形成的一类共生体，参与菌根形成的真菌称为菌根菌。丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza，AM）在自然界分布最广泛，陆地上90％以上的高等植物，如粮食作物、油料作物、园艺作物（果树、蔬菜、花卉）等都具有丛枝菌根。 相似文献
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VA菌根对植物有益作用的研究进展及其应用展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌根是自然界中一种普遍的植物共生现象。它是土壤中的菌根真菌与高等植物根系形成的一种共生体。根据菌根形态学及解剖学特征的不同,菌根分为3个主要的类型,即外生菌根、内生菌根及内外生菌根。泡囊丛枝菌根是一种最常见的内生菌根,因其胞内菌丝体呈泡囊状和丛枝状,故称泡囊丛枝菌根(简称VA菌根或VAM)。研究发现,并非所有类型的该类真菌都形成泡囊结构,但都形成丛枝结构。因此,越来越多的研究者将其称为丛枝菌根。VA菌根和世界上90%以上的植物种类都能形成共生体系。大量研究表明,VA菌根真菌能促进宿主对土壤中矿质元素P、N、K、Cu、… 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌菌剂制备研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能够增强植物对生物和非生物因素的抗压能力,在增加农作物产量和减少农药使用方面起到了重要作用,在园艺、农业、森林和环境修复方面发展潜力很大。现通过对菌剂制备系统的构成要素:菌根真菌、寄主植物、培养基质和营养方面,对丛枝菌根真菌菌剂制备进行了综述,指出未来菌剂市场的方向和前景。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是土壤中一类广泛存在的植物共生真菌,已有研究表明,AMF能够提高植物对重金属的抗逆性和耐受性。该研究从AMF与植物2个方面介绍了相关研究领域的前沿动态,旨在推进AMF促进植物耐受Cd机制的深入研究。在根外,丛枝菌根真菌能够直接吸收、固持Cd,以及改变植物根际的土壤微环境,从而影响Cd的形态和生物活性,增强植物对Cd胁迫的抗性。在根内,丛枝菌根真菌调节植物通过体内螯合、转运以及启动抗氧化防御系统等特定的生理生化过程,减少高浓度Cd对植物的胁迫和伤害。此外,丛枝菌根真菌还能通过促进植物生长来抵御Cd胁迫。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscularmycorrhi—zalfungi,AMF）促进共生植物磷吸收的现象,在不同的作物及生长环境中被广泛的证明。柑橘田间条件下根毛稀少,很大程度上依赖丛枝菌根（arbuscularmycorrhi-zae,AM）系统改善其对土壤养分和水分的吸收,尤其是对磷素的吸收;作为回报。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌与土壤养分交互作用的生态效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤养分影响AM真菌种属组成、AM真菌的丰度、孢子数量、孢子密度以及频度;AM真菌反过来影响宿主植物和土壤微生物及其群落多样性。在总结国内外相关研究成果基础上,分析了土壤养分N、P、K以及土壤有机质等因子对AMF生长发育及群落多样性的影响,不同AMF在不同土壤养分环境中对宿主植物的生长及N、P、K营养元素的吸收的影响,以及AMF对土壤微生物及其群落的影响。最后提出了AM真菌与土壤交互作用的几个重要方向,为今后开展菌根多样性及生物多样性研究提供依据。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对番茄苗期生长及矿质营养吸收的作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以烘干粉碎后的秸秆与灭菌后的土壤配制成栽培基质,接种5种丛枝菌根菌种接种剂进行番茄栽培试验。结果表明,各种丛枝菌根共生微生物接种后对番茄幼苗生长发育和矿质元素吸收有很好的改善和促进作用,特别是对P、K吸收作用显著,对番茄干质量有明显增加作用。通过对番茄菌根侵染情况分析发现根部丛枝菌根侵染率(F)以Glomusmosseae-1和G.mosseae-2最高,可达30%以上,而丛枝菌根形成率(a)则以G.mosseae-2最高,促进番茄生长效果最好的菌种亦为G.mosseae-2。 相似文献
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This study investigated the impact of different types of soil sealing on the communities of a group of beneficial plant symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), colonizing the roots of two shade trees, Celtis australis and Fraxinus ornus, frequently grown in urbanized sites. Such plants were grown in an experimental site, in northern Italy, established in November 2011 and subjected to four different pavement treatments: impermeable monolithic asphalt, permeable pavers, permeable concrete and unpaved soil. The diversity and composition of root AMF communities were assessed by PCR denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis of partial 18S rRNA gene, AMF taxa were identified by amplicon sequencing and mycorrhizal colonization was evaluated after root clearing and staining. For the first time, our molecular work revealed that impermeable pavements induced shifts in the composition of AMF communities associated to the roots of C. australis and F. ornus and impacted on the percentage of mycorrhizal root length. When the root-zone was covered with permeable pavements, a similar AMF community as that observed in the unpaved soil was detected, providing novel information to be utilised for reducing the disturbance caused by specific types of soil sealing on AMF symbionts, which play a key role in plant nutrition and health. A total of 45 AMF sequence types were detected, with Sclerocystis and Septoglomus as the most abundant phylotypes, accounting for 84% of the sequences. The predominance of Sclerocystis species in the roots of both tree species under impermeable pavements indicated their high and unforeseen tolerance towards harsh environmental conditions. Such species could be utilized as AMF inocula specifically selected for their proven resilience in paved sites, in order to exploit their ability to boost biogeochemical processes fundamental for energy fluxes and plant nutrition and health. 相似文献
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Eun Ju Cho Do Jin Lee Chi Do Wee Hong Lim Kim Yong Hwa Cheong Ju Sik Cho Bo Kyoon Sohn 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(4):633-637
We aimed to investigate the effects of inoculating Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by examining the root colonization, plant nutrition uptake, growth characteristics, and soil aggregation of P. ginseng seedlings inoculated at the time of transplantation. At 16 weeks, the AMF spore density per 30 g of fresh mycorrhizosphere in seedlings inoculated with AMF (AMF+ seedlings) was 256.8 and that in seedlings not inoculated with AMF (AMF− seedlings) was 186.3, respectively. The colonization rate of AMF in the lateral roots of AMF+ seedlings was approximately 19% higher than that in the lateral roots of AMF− seedlings. The patterns of AMF colonization in ginseng roots were similar to those of the Paris-type mycorrhizal association. Plant growth characteristics, such as plant height, root length, leaf area, number of lateral roots, fresh weight of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content, were significantly enhanced in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. The macronutrient content (P, K, and Ca) and micronutrient content (Cu, Fe, and Zn) of both shoots and roots were also significantly higher in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. Furthermore, glomalin content and soil aggregation were significantly enhanced in AMF inoculated areas. Our results indicate that AMF inoculation may enhance the growth of ginseng seedlings by improving the uptake of mineral nutrients and the soil structure in mycorrhizosphere. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对番茄渗透调节物质含量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度NaCl (0.5%和1% ) 胁迫下, 接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF) 对番茄生长和渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明: 盐胁迫下, 与未接菌番茄相比, 接种AMF番茄能显著增加植株的生长, 促进叶片和根系可溶性糖的积累, 增加叶片可溶性蛋白含量及根系脯氨酸含量, 使植株耐盐能力增强。接菌株可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的增加以及根系脯氨酸的大量积累在AMF提高番茄耐盐的渗透调节机制中具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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Kaushal Kishore Upreti Ravindra Mohan Bhatt Periyasamy Panneerselvam Lakki Reddy Varalakshmi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(2):191-209
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alone or in combination with bacterial consortium (AMF+BC) inoculation prior to induced salinity (NaCl @ 150 or 250 mM) were studied on root growth; plant biomass; leaf area; Na+ and K+ contents; leaf water potential (Ψw); osmotic potential (Ψπ); photosynthesis rate (Pn); and contents of chlorophyll, phytohormones, and polyamines in the grape rootstock ‘Dogridge’, popular among Indian vine growers. AMF inoculation in the NaCl untreated rootstocks plants increased root growth, root and shoot biomass, and leaf area and improved leaf Ψw, Ψπ, Pn, and chlorophyll content, and also countered the stress-induced decline in the NaCl treated plants. The abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, and polyamine-spermidine and spermine contents in the leaves of NaCl untreated or treated were significantly increased by the AMF inoculation. Among the treatments, AMF with BC was relatively more effective than AMF alone with respect to changes in above morpho-physiological characters. The results depicted that AMF (AMF alone or AMF+BC) inoculation significantly improved salinity tolerance of grape rootstock and tolerance is induced by improvements in plant water balance, K+:Na+ ratio, and Pn, besides distinct accumulations in ABA and polyamines-spermine and spermidine. The above findings have potential in suggesting the AMF usefulness in improving the efficacy of ‘Dogridge’ rootstock in grape cultivation under salt affected soils. 相似文献
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非灭菌土接种AM真菌对油蒿抗旱性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用盆栽试验在正常水分和干旱胁迫条件下研究了非灭菌土接种AM真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和土著AM真菌(Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)对油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫显著抑制了AM真菌对油蒿的侵染。无论在正常水分还是干旱胁迫条件下,接种AM真菌都增加了植株的分枝数、地上部鲜重和干重、地下部鲜重和干重,但没有明显提高株高、茎粗和改善组织水分状况;与未接种相比,干旱胁迫下接种土著AM真菌显著提高了根系氮、磷含量,提高了叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量,增强了保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性并降低了丙二醛的含量,因此增强了植物的抗旱性。 相似文献
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Andre Freire Cruz Bruno Ferreira de Oliveira Marcio de Carvalho Pires 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(3):259-268
An experiment under greenhouse conditions was carried out to evaluate the best level of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which promote the growth of papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Solo) seedlings without affecting the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) activity. Seedlings of papaya were transplanted to pots inoculated or not with Gigaspora margarita spores at four levels of N (0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and P (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm). P was amended at the same time of pot filling up with substrate but N was applied weekly. The experiment was harvested after 100 days and plant dry weight together with AMF colonization was measured. The major response on the plant dry weight and height was from the fertilizers (N and P) where it proportionally increased. For the dry weight, at low amounts of nutrients the effects of AMF were greater, but as much as the fertilizer level in soil increased this response decreased. The colonization decreased as the nutrient levels increased, especially the P. The best combination of N and P for plant growth and AMF colonization could be at 50 and 25 ppm, equivalent to 5 and 2.5 kg/10a, respectively. 相似文献