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1.
巴西45号于1993年从巴西引进，经广西甘蔗研究所2年室内外检疫，未发现检疫性病害。广西甘蔗研究所于1995－2000年大田新植5次、宿根3次试验结果表明：巴西45号平均蔗茎产量（93660kg/hm^2)较对照品种桂糖11号（79650kg/hm^2)增产14010kg/hm^2，增幅19．59％；10月至次年1月平均蔗糖分（14．18％）较桂糖11号（13．66％）高0．52％（绝对值）。3年区域品比试验结果表明，巴西45号平均蔗茎产量（89955kg/hm^2)较桂糖11号（76410kg/hm^2)高13545kg/hm^2，增幅17．70％，平均蔗糖分（14．08％）较桂糖11号（13．93％）高0．15％（绝对值）。2001年12月该品种经广西农作物品种委员会审定通过，命名为桂引4号。 相似文献
2.
江苏棉花形成"小、壮、高"栽培新体系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
“九五”以来，江苏棉花生产随着科技进步有了较大的发展。虽然年度间受市场供求关系的影响，棉花种植面积变化较大，但单产却有了大幅度的提高。全省“九五”棉花平均单产为1090.5kg/hm^2，比“八五”平均888．0kg/hm^2提高了22．8％，单产稳定在1050kg/hm^2的水平上。“十五”前两年棉花单产又分别取得1200kg/hm^2和1165．5kg/hm^2好成缋，其中植棉大市盐城133．3kg/hm^2棉花单产在这两年分别达到了1431kg/hm^2和1447kg/hm^2。从趋势可以预测，随着新技术的应用和“小、壮、高”栽培体系的发展完善，江苏棉花单产将稳步踏上1200kg/hm^2的台阶。 相似文献
3.
高产高油抗病油葵杂交种晋葵5号的选育 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
晋葵5号是以雄性不育系76202－3A为母本，恢复系902－11R为父本组配选育而成，该杂交种抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、耐菌核病能力强，含油率达51．44％，品种鉴定平均产量3823．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种汾葵杂3号增产13．9％，生产示范平均产量2056．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种晋葵2号增产17．0％，适宜高寒山区春播及麦茬复播。 相似文献
4.
青稞新品系87－9－5是甘南农科所1987年用83A－19－1为母本，肚里黄为父本组配合杂交、南繁北育、系统选育而成。1992年参加品种（系）比较试验，平均产量5500.5kg/hm^2，较对照品种肚里黄和长芒青稞平均增产48．4％；1993－1995年参加甘南州青稞联合区试，平均产量3727．5kg/hm^2，较对照甘青一号增产13．9％，居第2位。差异极显著；1996－1999年多点生产示范中平均产量4294kg/hm^2，较对照品种增产25．38％。该品系生育期110－115d，株高84－116cm，穗长 6．9－9．4cm，穗粒数44－52粒，千粒重42．1－48．8g。籽粒粗蛋白含量11．2％，赖氨酸0．49％，淀偻6．26％。表现早熟，抗倒伏，穗大、粒多，穗脖坚韧，落黄好，较抗大麦条纹病。 相似文献
5.
黑龙江省高产红麻品种筛选与配套栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文以国内最新品种在黑龙江双城进行品比试验和配套栽培试验。结果表明：H305杂种麻干茎16222．5kg/hm^2最高，中红麻11号14550．0kg／hm^2居二，7804为14347．5kg／hm^2第三。H305较7804等其他品种增产显著或极显著。播期表明：共同趋势是随播期提早而增产，7804和H305杂种麻于4月底播种比5月初播种，分别增产19．0％、9．0％。肥料与密度试验以每hm^2施N150kg、K2O150kg，产量较高，比高肥区施N225kg、K2O225kg、P2O575kg，增产干茎1410kg／hm^2。 相似文献
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浙东平原水稻土油菜田间试验施用不同氮、硫水平的结果显示：（1）油菜籽产量随氮肥用量的增大而增加，施N（50－200kg/hm^)不施硫肥条件下，增产幅度为2．0％－11．8％，施N和施S（30kg/hm^2)条件下，增产幅度为2．4％－12．7％。（2）不同施氮水平下，施硫增产油菜籽5．4％－6．9％。（3）油菜氮吸收量随施氮量的增加而呈增加趋势，低氮水平下施用硫肥促进油菜氮吸收量加大。（4）不同施氮水平的产投比为1．5－4．3，施用硫肥的产投比达5．2－6．7，氮硫配施可提高施用氮肥的产投比。 相似文献
8.
低芥酸杂交油菜渝杂18由西南农业大学采用化学杀雄方法育成，品比试验产量1950－2715kg/hm^2；重庆市区域试验平均产量1946kg/hm^2，比对照品种中油821增产2．21％，生产试验平均产量2139kg/hm^2；比对照中油821增产22．3％。渝杂18商品种子含油量39．97％，芥酸含量0．62％。1998年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。 相似文献
9.
钾肥和专用肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
采用催芽覆膜栽植早熟品种马铃薯，施钾肥有明显的增产增收效果，增产21．3％，增收18．5％。马铃薯6月上中旬收获后，可复种水稻，这是一种高产高效栽培模式。马铃薯施KCl对其品质无不良影响，比施K2SO4节省成本240元／hm^2。研制的马铃薯专用肥，在施750kg／hm^2情况下，比普通型复合肥增产增收。 相似文献
10.
甘蓝型双低杂交油菜新品种苏优3号的选育 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
苏优3号为甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育（CMS）杂交新品种，不育系为宁A3（MI CMS)，恢复系为3075R。苏优3号综合性状好，抗（耐）病性强，成熟期早，品质优良，在1996－1998年度江苏省油菜新品种区域试验中，平均产量2553．30kg/hm^2,比对照秦油2号增产16．81％，在1999－2001年度国家油菜品种区域试验中，平均产量2686．80kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产11．6％，苏优3号芥酸含量0．42％，硫甙含量25．87umol/g，种子含油率43．46％。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献