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1.
Seed shattering is an undesirable characteristic of rice cultivars affecting the loss of grain yield before and during harvesting.
These grain losses are influenced by varietal characteristics. The histological peculiarities of the abscission region obtained
were different among rice varieties, and had a close relationship with grain shedding. In order to obtain information for
the breeding of new persistent shedding varieties, this study was designed to clarify the inheritance of grain shedding habits
in relation to the abscission layer. In the cross combination of two easily shedding varieties, Milyang 23, a japonica-indica
hybrid rice with cracked abscission layers and Ashahi, a japonica-type rice with uncracked abscission layers, the cracking
of parenchymatous cells in the abscission layer was controlled by a single dominant gene. The breaking tensile strength coincided
well with cracked and uncracked abscission layers. In four crosses between a persistent shedding variety without abscission
layers and two easily shedding varieties with cracked abscission layers, and two medium shedding varieties with uncracked
abscission layers, respectively, the formation of the abscission layer was controlled by a single dominant gene. The easily
shedding and persistent shedding habits coincided well when the abscission layers were both present and absent. The easily
shedding characteristics were dominant in cross combination. The close negative correlations were recognized between degrees
of grain shedding and breaking tensile strengths. 相似文献
2.
Yong-Feng Yan Doug-Hwan Choi Do-Soon Kim Byun-Woo Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(2):69-73
Cadmium (Cd) is absorbed by rice root and transferred into the other rice organs including grain. A solution-culture experiment
was conducted to investigate the absorption and distribution of Cd supplied at different growth stages of rice. Two rice cultivars,
a japonica ‘Chucheong’ and a tongil-type ‘Milyang23’ that exhibit high and low ability of Cd absorption by root and accumulation
in grain were grown in culture solution and subjected to 2 ppm CdCl2 treatment for 2 weeks at four different growth stages:
before panicle initiation stage (BPI), after panicle initiation stage (API), early ripening stage (ER), and mid-ripening stage
(MR). Cd concentration and accumulation in rice organs were measured at harvest. The two rice cultivars accumulated two to
three times greater amounts of Cd in grain in the two Cd treatments before heading (BPI and API treatments) than in the Cd
treatment after heading (ER and MR treatment). The higher grain Cd accumulation in BPI and API treatments was not attributed
to the higher Cd uptake but to the higher translocation from root to shoot and the higher redistribution from shoot to grain
than ER and MR treatments These results imply that the remobilization of Cd through phloem during leaf senescence is the major
process for Cd accumulation in rice grain rather than direct transport of absorbed Cd through the xylem-phloem transfer to
grain. ‘Milyang23’ absorbed significantly smaller amount of Cd than ‘Chucheong’. However, ‘Milyang23’ accumulated more than
a three times larger amount of Cd in grain compared to ‘Chucheong’ as the former exhibited the higher root-shoot translocation
and shoot-grain remobilization as well. It indicates that the greater Cd translocation from root to shoot and subsequent higher
Cd remobilization from shoot to grain, not the higher absorption ability, have led to the higher Cd accumulation and concentration
in grain of ‘Milyang23’. 相似文献
3.
Yong-Feng Yan Doug-Hwan Choi Do-Soon Kim Byun-Woo Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(2):113-119
Cadmium (Cd) is absorbed by rice root and transferred into the other rice organs including grain. A solution-culture experiment was conducted to investigate the absorption and distribution of Cd supplied at different growth stages of rice. Two rice cultivars, a japonica ‘Chucheong’ and a tongil-type ‘Milyang23’ that exhibit high and low ability of Cd absorption by root and accumulation in grain were grown in culture solution and subjected to 2 ppm CdCl2 treatment for 2 weeks at four different growth stages: before panicle initiation stage (BPI), after panicle initiation stage (API), early ripening stage (ER), and mid-ripening stage (MR). Cd concentration and accumulation in rice organs were measured at harvest. The two rice cultivars accumulated two to three times greater amounts of Cd in grain in the two Cd treatments before heading (BPI and API treatments) than in the Cd treatment after heading (ER and MR treatment). The higher grain Cd accumulation in BPI and API treatments was not attributed to the higher Cd uptake but to the higher translocation from root to shoot and the higher redistribution from shoot to grain than ER and MR treatments These results imply that the remobilization of Cd through phloem during leaf senescence is the major process for Cd accumulation in rice grain rather than direct transport of absorbed Cd through the xylem-phloem transfer to grain. ‘Milyang23’ absorbed significantly smaller amount of Cd than ‘Chucheong’. However, ‘Milyang23’ accumulated more than a three times larger amount of Cd in grain compared to ‘Chucheong’ as the former exhibited the higher root-shoot translocation and shoot-grain remobilization as well. It indicates that the greater Cd translocation from root to shoot and subsequent higher Cd remobilization from shoot to grain, not the higher absorption ability, have led to the higher Cd accumulation and concentration in grain of ‘Milyang23’. 相似文献
4.
不同灌溉方式对杂交粳稻皖旱优1号产量和稻米品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以水旱兼用的早熟中粳杂交稻皖旱优1号为试验材料,研究不同灌溉方式对其产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明：无水层灌溉与常规灌溉相比,株高变矮,穗长、有效穗数、穗总粒数和穗实粒数均增加,千粒重减小,2a增产分别为14.1%、8.2%。无水层灌溉的垩白粒率和垩白度均降低,胶稠度增加,糙米率、直链淀粉含量有增加趋势,粒长变长,粒宽变小,整精米率略有下降,对稻米品质总体上有所改善。 相似文献
5.
6.
QTL mapping and associated marker selection for the efficacy of green plant regeneration in anther culture of rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Anther culturability of rice is a quantitative trait controlled by nuclear‐encoded genes. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated marker selection for anther culturability is important for increasing the efficiency of green plant regeneration from microspores. QTL associated with the capacity for green plant regeneration in anther culture of rice were mapped on chromosomes 3 and 10 using 164 recombinant inbred (RI) lines from a cross between ‘Milyang 23’ and ‘Gihobyeo’. The quantitative trait locus located on chromosome 10 was detected repeatedly when three anther culture methods were applied and was tightly linked to the markers, RG323, RG241 and RZ400. Associations between these markers and the efficacy of green plant regeneration in 43 rice cultivars and two F2 populations, ‘MG RI036’/‘Milyang 23’, and ‘MG RI036’;/‘IR 36’ were analysed. One of these markers, RZ400, was able to identify effectively genotypes with good (> 10.0%) and poor (< 3.0%) regenerability, based on the marker genotypes in the cultivars and two F2 populations. This marker enables the screening of rice germplasm for anther culturability and introgression into elite lines in breeding programmes. 相似文献
7.
Takayuki Kashiwagi 《Euphytica》2014,198(3):353-367
Bending-type lodging is one of the most important factors affecting the yield and grain quality of rice. This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for physical strength of the upper culms, and evaluated QTL effects on lodging resistance. In 2010 and 2011, QTLs for breaking strength, length, and diameter of the top three internodes were identified by analyzing chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Kasalath’. The QTL analysis indicated that ‘Kasalath’ had two types of QTLs: one to strengthen specific internodes and one to simultaneously improve the physical strengths of plural internodes or the top three internodes. A QTL for breaking strengths of the top three internodes (bsuc11) was detected on chromosome 11 in both years. This QTL did not overlap with that for internode length. To evaluate the effects of bsuc11 on lodging resistance, this study selected three CSSLs with bsuc11 and analyzed the breaking strengths of the top three internodes after heading and the pushing resistance of the lower part. Internodes of ‘Koshihikari’ showed decreased breaking strengths after grain filling, while those of CSSLs with bsuc11 did not show this decrease in breaking strength. The pushing resistance of the lower part at the fully ripe stage was the same in ‘Koshihikari’ and CSSLs with bsuc11. These results suggested that bsuc11 could be a target to improve the physical strength of the upper culms to resist bending-type lodging, and that the physical strengths of upper and lower parts are controlled by different genetic factors in rice. 相似文献
8.
9.
H.Y. Kim I.J. Lee M. Hamayun J.T. Kim J.G. Won I.C. Hwang K.U. Kim 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2007,193(6):445-451
Prohexadione calcium (Pro‐Ca) is a novel plant growth regulator that inhibits the late stages of gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis in plants, thus reducing the vegetative growth of the plant. Pro‐Ca was applied to field‐grown rice cultivar Ilpumbyeo to evaluate its effect on growth and yield components and endogenous GAs, when applied at different rates and timings. This study illustrated that Pro‐Ca application decreased the internode length, stem length, panicle length, shoots fresh weight and stem lodging index, while stem breaking force was increased in all treatments. The effect of Pro‐Ca was more pronounced in 20 ppm concentration than 10 ppm. The number of panicles m−2, ripened grain ratio and 1000 grain weight and milled rice yield parameters, increased with the application of Pro‐Ca, though the number of grains per panicle decreased insignificantly. The endogenous bioactive GA1 contents significantly decreased with the application of Pro‐Ca, as the GA biosynthesis was interrupted at later stages, when GA20 conversion to GA1 was blocked, thus drastically reducing GA1 and GA8 levels, but only insignificant changes were observed for intermediates from GA12 to GA20. The levels of the endogenous GAs in rice shoots were measured by GC‐MS‐SIM using 2H2‐labelled GAs as internal standards. Present results also illustrated that early application of Pro‐Ca was more effective than its late application for effective control of different growth parameters and thus reducing lodging in rice plants. 相似文献
10.
Characterization of segregation distortion on chromosome 3 induced in wide hybridization between indica and japonica type rice varieties 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
S. Matsushita T. Iseki Y. Fukuta E. Araki S. Kobayashi M. Osaki M. Yamagishi 《Euphytica》2003,134(1):27-32
We previously surveyed chromosomal regions showing segregation distortion of RFLP markers in the F2 population from the cross between a japonica type variety ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica type variety ‘Milyang23’, and showed
that the most skewed segregation appeared on the short arm of chromosome 3. By comparison with the marker loci where distortion
factors were previously identified, this region was assumed to be a gametophytic selection-2 (ga2) gene region. To evaluate this region, two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. One NIL had the ‘Nipponbare’ segment
of this region on the genetic background of ‘Milyang23’ (NIL9-23), and the other NIL had the ‘Milyang23’ segment on the genetic
background of ‘Nipponbare’ (NIL33-18). NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’, NIL33-18 and
‘Nipponbare’, and ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ were respectively crossed to produce F1 and F2 populations. The F1 plants of NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and NIL33-18 × ‘Nipponbare’ showed high seed fertility and the same pollen fertility as their
parental cultivars, indicating that ga2 does not reduce seed and pollen fertility. Segregation ratio of a molecular marker on the ga2 region in the three F2 populations was investigated to clarify whether segregation distortion occurred on the different genetic backgrounds. Segregation
distortion of the ga2 region appeared in the both F2 populations from the NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was
‘Milyang23’ homozygote) and the ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was heterozygote), but did notin the F2 population from the NIL33-18 and ‘Nipponbare’ cross (background was ‘Nipponbare’ homozygote). This result indicates that
ga2 interacts with a ‘Milyang23’ allele(s) on the different chromosomal region(s) to cause skewed segregation of the ga2 region. In addition, segregation ratio was the same between the F2 populations from NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and ‘Nipponbare’ × ‘Milyang23’ crosses, suggesting that the both genotypes, ‘Milyang23’
homozygote and heterozygote, of gene(s) located on the different chromosomal region(s) have the same effect on the segregation
distortion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus, qFLL6.2, controlling flag leaf length (FLL) and yield traits in rice was conducted using four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs)
that were developed from a common residual heterozygote at F7 generation of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46. Each of the NIL sets consisted of 40 lines that are S1 progenies of ten maternal homozygotes, ten paternal homozygotes, and 20 heterozygotes differing in a portion of the 1.19-Mb
interval RM3414–RM6917 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6. Analysis of phenotypic differences among the three genotypic
groups in each NIL set delimited qFLL6.2 to a 62.1-kb region flanked by simple sequence repeat marker RM3414 and sequence-tagged site marker Si2944. This QTL explained
52.73% of the phenotypic variance, and the Zhenshan 97 allele increased FLL by 2.40 cm. Based on data collected from homozygous
lines of three of the NIL sets, qFLL6.2 was shown to have major effects on all the three yield traits analyzed, including the number of spikelets per panicle, the
number of filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per panicle. A comparison of the different groups revealed that the
effect of qFLL6.2 was highly consistent across different genetic backgrounds and environments, providing a good candidate for map-based cloning
and investigating the source–sink relationship in rice. 相似文献
12.
东北三省水稻产量和品质及其与穗部性状关系的初步研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
以2004年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省水稻区域试验品种（品系）为试材，在栽培管理水平高、有代表性的沈阳、公主岭、佳木斯区试点，研究穗部性状及其与产量和品质关系的结果表明，东北三省各自产量及其构成因素的品种间差异均达到极显著水平，辽宁产量极显著高于另两省，后两省间差异不显著；辽宁穗数和每穗粒数分别极显著低于和高于另两省，其他产量构成因素省份间差异不显著；除一次枝梗结实率外，三省各自穗部性状的品种间差异都达到显著或极显著水平；辽宁穗部性状特点一是穗长较另两省短2 cm左右，接近显著水平，着粒密度极显著高于另两省，二是一次枝梗数和一次枝梗粒数极显著高于另两省；糙米率是吉林＞辽宁＞黑龙江，精米率是吉林＞辽宁、黑龙江，整精米率有黑龙江＞吉林＞辽宁的趋势，长宽比是辽宁、黑龙江＞吉林，垩白率是吉林＞辽宁、黑龙江，食味值是黑龙江＞吉林＞辽宁；每穗粒数及其密切相关的着粒密度、一次枝梗数、一次枝梗粒数、二次枝梗粒数、二次粒率与加工品质均呈负相关趋势，而结实率及其组成部分一、二次枝梗结实率与加工品质均呈正相关趋势，食味值与穗部性状的关系也表现类似趋势。 相似文献
13.
Non-Uniformity of Grain Characteristics and Milling Quality of California Rice (Oryza sativa L.) of Different Maturities 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Head rice recovery is one of the most important factors in determining a grower's income. While previous investigators have shown that certain physical characteristics of rice kernels influence per cent head rice, the impact of the non-uniformity of these characteristics on rice milling quality is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of non-uniformity of kernel characteristics on the milling quality of rice cultivars with different maturities, and to determine the plant traits that are associated with the non-uniformity of kernel characteristics. Six rice cultivars representing different maturities and grain shapes were used in the experiments. Kernel characteristic data were obtained for grains at the upper, middle and lower parts of a panicle. The range values amongst these panicle parts were used to measure the non-uniformity of the characteristics. There was a trend for a decrease in kernel dimensions, volume and density from the upper to the lower parts of the panicle. This indicated that growth and development of grains were associated with the position of the grains on the panicle. There was also a trend for a decrease in the non-uniformity of kernel characteristics from very early and early maturing cultivars to intermediate and late maturing cultivars. The results also demonstrated that selection of phenotypes that have a low ratio of panicle length to phytomass can improve the uniformity of kernel characteristics, which in turn leads to higher recoverable head rice yield. 相似文献
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氯化钠胁迫下转BADH基因水稻农艺性状的主成分及聚类分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对31个转BADH基因水稻品系在0.5g/LNaCL胁迫下的抽穗期、株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、成穗率、单穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株籽粒重等9个农艺性状进行了主成分及聚类分析,选出特征根累积贡献率为86.86%的前5个主成分;在主成分分析的基础上,对31个品系进行了系统聚类分析,在欧氏距离D=2、0的水平上将其划分成4大类群：第一类群属于多穗类型,共有10个品系;第二、四类群综合经济性状较好,共有16个品系;第三类群属大粒类型,共有5个品系。 相似文献
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18.
黑龙江省杂草稻与栽培稻的生物学多样性及遗传关系研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为评价杂草稻与栽培稻的遗传多样性及其变异关系,用9个农艺性状研究了50份杂草稻和18份栽培稻的生物学多样性及遗传关系。结果表明,杂草稻株高、穗长、平均穗粒数、结实率、芒长、芒色、粒色等植物学特性均较栽培稻变异大。Nei’s遗传多样性值（h）明显高于栽培稻,表明杂草稻比亚洲栽培稻具有更丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类为明显的杂草稻与栽培稻两个类群,且关系密切,但在遗传上存在明显的分化。杂草稻较栽培稻植物学特性变异大,遗传多样性丰富,在遗传上存在明显的分化,支持将其视为不同亚种的观点。 相似文献
19.
水稻高产育种中一些问题的讨论 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
进一步提高我国水稻产量,今后主要应依赖于单位面积产量的提高。为此,选育单产潜力更高和改进栽培技术将起到至关重要的作用。本文在总结近几十年来水稻品种改良经验的基础上,从形态、生理和遗传等方面对进一步提高水稻品种产量潜力的可能途径进行了分析。其目的在于推动对水稻高产育种的讨论和研究。解放以后,我国在水稻育种事业上取得了一系列重要的成就。其中最为突出的主要有三: (1) 在利用半矮秆基因sd1的基础上,通过株型改良,于20世纪50年代末到60年代初在南方籼稻矮化育种上取得了突破;(2) 利用引进品种Balilla通过籼粳杂交和复合杂交,育成了株型挺拔的直立穗株型粳稻品种,并在全国粳稻产区大面积推广;(3) 在成功利用细胞质雄性不育基因的基础上,实现杂交水稻三系配套,成功利用了水稻杂种优势。从水稻产量构成因素和几十年来水稻改良的历史分析,进一步提高水稻品种的产量潜力是提高大面积水稻产量的关键之一。为此,在高产品种的选育上,应在继续利用sd1等半矮秆基因控制株高的同时,注意提高茎秆的强度和根系的活力。分蘖对于小株作物的水稻来讲,在调节群体结构和提高水稻稳产性上具重要作用。应对分蘖应给予足够重视。千粒重尽管在产量上起重要作用,但粒重过大,对于品质有明显负面效应,因此高产品种的千粒重宜维持在中等偏上的水平。 相似文献
20.
The demand for superior grain quality represents a major issue in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding. To study the genetic basis of rice grain quality, including traits specifying grain dimension and percentage of grains with chalkiness, quantitative genetic analysis was conducted in a population of 37 introgression lines (ILs) of indica elite variety Habataki in the background of japonica cultivar Sasanishiki across two different environments. The ILs showed transgressive segregation for all of the investigated traits, including percentage of grains with chalkiness, brown grain length, width, thickness, length/width ratio, length/thickness ratio, volume and 1,000-brown grain weight, the result indicated that these rice grain quality traits were polygenic phenomenon. Fifty-four QTLs were identified on eleven chromosomes, and 44 QTLs were associated with more than one trait, as a cause of the observed phenotypic correlations between different traits. Five stable QTLs, namely QPGWC.NH-1.1, QPGWC.NH-1.2, QGW.NH-3.1, QLW.NH-7.1 and QGV.NH-8.2, were identified in this study. This study provides useful information for marker-aided improvement of grain quality (grain dimension and percentage of grains with chalkiness) in rice; moreover, ILs carrying these QTLs constitute good candidates for future fine mapping and positional cloning projects. 相似文献