共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Ohe K Sakai S Takahasi T Sunaga F Murakami M Kiuchi A Fukuyama M Furuhata K Hara M Ishikawa Y Taneno A 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(4):497-507
Although prevention of feline calcivirus (FCV) infection by vaccination has been attempted, and isolation of FCV, development
of the disease, and a few fatal cases in vaccinated cats have been reported. Fifteen FCV strains isolated from cats that had
been vaccinated with commercially available FCV vaccines (F9, FCV-255, and FC-7) were genogrouped. Molecular analysis of viral
genomes involved the construction of a phylogenetic tree of capsid genes using the NJ method. Cat anti-F9 serum and rabbit
anti-FCV-255 serum were used for virus neutralization tests. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of
15 virus isolates and those of the previously published and GenBank-deposited 9 global and 14 Japanese strains showed that
8 (53%) of the 15 virus isolates as well as the vaccine strains F9 and FCV-255 belonged to genogroup I (GAI), and 7 (47%) belonged to genogroup II (GAII). Of the 8 GAI strains, 2 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with an F9 strain live vaccine, 5 from cats vaccinated with
an FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with an FC-7-derived vaccine. Of the 7 GAII strains, 5 were isolated from cats that had been vaccinated with the F9 strain live vaccine, 1 from a cat vaccinated with
the FCV-255-derived vaccine, and 1 from a cat vaccinated with the FC-7-derived vaccine. These results indicate that more vaccine
breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the F9 strain-derived vaccine belong to GAII than to GAI, whereas more vaccine breakdown strains isolated from the cats vaccinated with the FCV-255 strain-derived vaccine belong
to GAI than to GAII, and that when the FC-7 strain-derived vaccine is used, the vaccine breakdown strains belong almost equally to GAI and GAII. Thus, the genogroups of virus isolates varied with the vaccine strain used (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutralizing titres of feline anti-F9 serum and rabbit anti-FCV-255 serum against the 15
isolates were very low, showing no relationships between neutralizing antibody titres and genogroups. The DNA sequence identities
between the virus isolates and the vaccine strains were low, at 70.6–82.9%, and no strains were found to have sequences derived
from the vaccine strains. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the GAI or GAII virus isolates from the F9-vaccinated cats differed at position 428 of the 5’ hypervariable region (HVR) of capsid region
of the F9 strain, whereas those from the FCV-255-vaccinated cats differed at positions 438, 453, and 460 of the 5’HVR of capsid
region E of the F9 strain. We speculate that these differences influence genogrouping. The amino acid changes within the F9
linear epitopes common to G
A
I and G
A
II were noted at positions 450, 451, 457 of 5’HVR of the capsid region E in the isolates from F9-derived vaccine-treated cats,
and 449, 450, and 451 of 5’HVR of capsid region E in the isolates from FCV-255-derived vaccine-treated cats, suggesting that
these amino acid changes are involved in escapes. These results suggest that alternate vaccination with the F9 and FCV-255
strains or the use of a polyvalent vaccine containing GAII strains serves to inhibit development. 相似文献
2.
Two commercially available long-acting oxytetracycline hydrochloride formulations (Primamycin LA (Pfizer) and Terralent 20%
LA (İ.E. Ulagay)) were administered by the intramuscular route to 20 clinically healthy sheep at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The study
was performed in a two-period crossover design. Plasma samples were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean
maximum concentrations (C
max) was 8.00 ± 2.05 μg/mland 8.61 ± 1.42 μg/ml, respectively. The mean area under the concentration time curve (AUC) values were 154.95 ± 50.37(μg h)/ml
and 161.70 ± 47.02(μg h)/ml, respectively. The 90%confidence intervals for the ratio of C
max and AUC values for the test and reference product are with in the interval 70−143% for C
max and interval 80-−125% for AUC proposed by EMEA. It was concluded that Primamycin LA and Terralent 20% LA formulations are
bioequivalent in their rate and extent of drug absorbtion.
Ozdemir N. and Yıldırım, M., 2006. Bioequivalence study of two long-acting oxytetracycline formulations in sheep. Veterinary
Research Communications, 30(8), 929–934 相似文献
3.
Genetic parameters were estimated for production traits and primary antibody response (Ab) against Newcastle diseases virus
(NDV) vaccine among two Tanzania chicken ecotypes viz. Kuchi and Tanzania Medium (Medium). Production traits studied were body weights at 8 (Bwt8), 12(Bwt12), 16(Bwt16), and 20 (Bwt20) weeks of age, age at first
egg (AFE), egg number in the first 90 days after sexual maturity (EN-90), egg weight (EW), egg shell thickness (STH), and
egg shape index (ESI). Heritability estimates for Bwt8, Bwt12, Bwt16, Bwt20, AFE, EN-90, EW, STH, ESI and Ab for Kuchi chicken were 0.38 ± 0.10, 0.41 ± 0.07, 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.45 ± 0.09, 0.42 ± 0.10, 0.31 ± 0.05, 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.53 ± 0.11, 0.48 ± 0.13
and 0.27 ± 0.06, respectively. Corresponding estimates for Medium ecotype were 0.39 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.10, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.43 ± 0.07, 0.52 ± 0.11, 0.32 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.07, 0.61 ± 0.13, 0.52 ± 0.10
and 0.29 ± 0.05, respectively. Genetic (r
g) and phenotypic (rp) correlations in both ecotypes were highest among body weights (i.e. rg = 0.60 to 0.93 and rp = 0.54 to 0.78), and were lowest (around 0.10 and below, ranging from positive to negative) among primary antibody response
against NDV vaccine and production traits, and among eggshell thickness, egg shape index and other production traits. The
magnitudes of heritability estimates obtained in this study indicate good prospects of improving these traits in both ecotypes
through selection. 相似文献
4.
Picco EJ Rubio MR David DC Rodríguez C Boggio JC 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(5):401-410
The aim of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
activities of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after pour-on administration. Determination of cholinesterase activity
in plasma and erythrocyte was carried out according to Ellman kinetic method. The mean baseline activities were 9338.39 ± 1331.61
and 13220.69 ± 2274.18 to acetylcholinesterase and 624.65 ± 39.32 and 641.68 ± 88.08 IU/L to butyrylcholinesterase in females
and males, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase was the predominant form of cholinesterase analyzed, with low levels of butyrylcholinesterase.
The basal acetylcholinesterase activities of the bulls were significantly greater than those of cows. The inhibitory effect
of topical chlorpyrifos administration was lower on butyrylcholinesterase than on acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos peak
plasma concentration (male:10.920 ± 4.18; female:12.12 ± 3.88 μg/L) were reached at 11.92 ± 9.19 and 8.17 ± 7.67 h in male
and female, respectively. The values of area under curve were 185.96 ± 168.45 and 278.89 ± 270.00 μg·h/L and mean residence
time were 13.95 ± 8.10 and 14.90 ± 9.80 h in male and female, respectively. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of day length on seminal characteristics, testicular size, sexual behaviour
and testosterone (T4) concentration in Pelibuey rams subjected to different semen collection frequencies. Eighteen intact
males were assigned randomly to one of two semen collection frequencies: in the high rate (HR) treatment, two ejaculations
per week were obtained from each ram; one ejaculation every two weeks was collected under the low rate (LR) treatment. All
animals were housed individually in contiguous 5 m × 5 m wire mesh pens and evaluated over a 12-month period. At the beginning
of the experiment rams were 20 months old and 40–50 kg in weight. All rams ejaculated and produced semen throughout the year.
Semen volume, sperm per ejaculation, testicular circumference and testicular volume were significantly (p < 0.05) greater during short days in all rams, regardless of the semen collection frequency, with the exception of sperm
concentration, for which no variation was found in HR individuals, and reaction time and T4 levels, for which no variation was found in LR males. Rams subjected to HR collection were more affected by the short-day
photoperiod than rams collected twice per week, exhibiting greater reduction (p < 0.05) in time to achieve their first ejaculation and in sperm per ejaculation, as well as greater increases (p < 0.05) in T4 concentration than LR rams (14.65 ± 1.22 vs 23.53 ± 5.34 s, (3.37 ± 0.17) × 109 vs (3.52 ± 0.20) × 109 sperm and 8.68 ± 0.44 vs 6.85 ± 0.74 ng/ml, respectively). It was concluded that: (a) the magnitude of the seasonal effects
was not sufficient to prevent the rams being used for breeding throughout the year, and (b) seasonal variation within variables
was affected differently between semen collection frequencies. 相似文献
6.
This investigation was conducted to evaluate the comparative productive performances and effect of some environmental factors
on wool characteristics of Arkharmerino × Ghezel (Ar × Gh) and Arkharmerino × Moghani (Ar × Mo) crossbreed sheep. The mid-side
fleece samples taken from animals during 2 years (2007–2008) were analyzed. Each sample was measured for average fiber diameter,
fiber diameter variability, staple length, proportion of medullated fiber, proportion of kemp, and comfort factor. The comparative
values for these fleece characteristics in F3 generation Ar × Gh were 28.78 ± 0.48 μm, 36.84 ± 1.16%, 11.94 ± 0.35 cm, 7.07 ± 0.93%, 1.02 ± 0.23%, and 68.93%, respectively;
while those traits were 29.79 ± 0.43 μm, 41.86 ± 1.16%, 11.96 ± 0.37 cm, 8.13 ± 1.06%, 2.71 ± 0.45%, and 63.33 ± 3.66% for
Ar × Mo, respectively. The effects of genotype, sex, birth type, and year of birth were analyzed. Genotype had a significant
(P < 0.01) effect on average fiber diameter and proportion of kemp, and Ar × Gh crossbreeds had lower diameter with less proportion
of kemp. The two differences in fiber characteristics that were attributable to sex were fiber diameter variability and proportion
of medullated fiber, and females had higher measure than males for both traits. Statistical analysis showed that crossbreeding
with Arkharmerino generally had positive effects on the fleece favored to be used in the hand woven authentic carpet production. 相似文献
7.
Yadav A Katoch R Khajuria JK Katoch M Agrawal R 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1487-1492
Examination of 3,960 goats brought from six districts of Jammu province and slaughtered at Jammu abattoir from July 2005 to
June 2006 revealed 47.22% prevalence of larval stages of warble fly (Przhevalskiana silenus Brauer, 1858) in goats. Highest prevalence was recorded in Udhampur (56.44%) and lowest in Doda district (13.49%). Classification
of the study area into four zones based on height (meters above sea level), viz., zone I (300–325 m asl), zone II (325–800 m
asl), zone III (800–1,500 m asl), and zone IV (>1,500 m asl), revealed significant (p < 0.01) difference in infestation among animals of zone II (71.68%), zone III (40.12%), and zone IV (22.41%). However, animals
of zone I did not reveal any infestation. Statistical analysis in relation to age showed significant (p < 0.01) difference among different age groups, i.e., <1 year (2.81%), 1–3 years (51.17%), and >3 years (43.16%). Breed-wise
analysis also showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher infestation rate among Bakerwali (51.51%) goats as compared to Beetal (42.59%). But no significant difference
was recorded among male (47.81%) and female (46.82%) animals. The overall mean larva count (L1, L2, and L3) was observed to
be 14.72 ± 0.34, ranging from 4 to 72. It was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals of zone II (22.20 ± 0.21) as compared to goats of zones III (14.21 ± 0.41) and IV (7.73 ± 0.90).
Age-wise analysis of mean larva count also showed significant (P < 0.05) difference between animals of 1–3 years (16.25 ± 0.37) and >3 years of age (13.18 ± 0.40). Mean larvae count in relation
to sex and breed did not reveal any significant difference. First-instar larvae (L1) were recorded from May to mid-September, second larval stage (L2) from mid-September to mid-December, and third-stage larvae (L3) from mid-December to February. However, No larvae were recorded from March to April, which is suggestive of pupation period
in this region. Thus, it is concluded that adult fly is active in April to June. The results further confirmed that internal
life cycle of P. silenus is subcutaneous and no migration of larvae occurs. This is the first report from India, based on slaughter house study on
the prevalence and biology of goat warble fly infestation. It will help in devising suitable prophylactic and eradication
program to check the economic losses rendered by adult fly. 相似文献
8.
Gowane GR Chopra A Prince LL Mishra AK Arora AL 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):299-303
The FecB gene of Garole sheep was introgressed into non-prolific Malpura sheep to evolve a new prolific sheep strain Garole × Malpura
(GM), suitable for semi-arid conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of breeding program on production
profile of GM sheep and to estimate the genetic parameters for growth traits of GM sheep. Overall prolificacy increased significantly
in the new strain as compared to the native Malpura sheep. In the GM flock of F2 and F2 onwards generation 35.31% single,
55.83% twins, 8.16% triplet and 0.70% quadruplets were obtained during lambing. Over the years, prolificacy in the flock has
increased significantly. Over all least squares means for birth weight, 3, 6, 9, 12 month weight, pre-weaning gain (ADG1)
and post-weaning gain (ADG2) were 1.82 ± 0.03, 9.44 ± 0.18, 14.00 ± 0.24, 16.56 ± 0.33, and 19.32 ± 0.35 kg, and 84.08 ± 1.84
and 35.19 ± 0.99 g, respectively. Majority of the fixed effects had significant influence on the performance traits. The heritability
estimates for birth, 3, 6, 9, 12 month weight, ADG1 and ADG2 were 0.30 ± 0.11, 0.22 ± 0.09, 0.23 ± 0.10, 0.27 ± 0.10, 0.30 ± 0.11,
0.17 ± 0.08, and 0.17 ± 0.10, respectively. Modest rate of genetic progress seems possible for these traits under selection.
The genetic and phenotypic correlations among different body weights were moderate to high and positive. The genetic correlation
of pre and post-weaning daily gains with body weight traits were also high and positive. 相似文献
9.
Liveweight (LW) of does and bucks of the native Creole goat breed and crosses of Creole does and Nubian bucks, aged 1.5–5
years, were recorded and body traits including: head length (HL), head width (HW), body length (BL), trunk length (TL), chest
girth (CG), abdominal perimeter (AP), rump length (RL), and height at withers (HW) were measured to develop equations for
predicting LW from the body measurements. Weight, sex, breed and kidding date of 354 kids were recorded at birth, and LW of
the kids was measured monthly for one year to determine the effect of kidding season on growth rate. Bucks had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements than the does (HL 15.1 ± 0.1 vs 16.6 ± 0.2 cm; BL 97.6 ± 0.4 vs 104.6 ± 1.2 cm; CG 78.8 ± 0.4 vs
79.9 ± 1.0 cm; AP 82.4 ± 0.5 vs 87.2 ± 1.1 cm; HW 62.7 ± 0.4 vs 70.1 ± 0.8 cm). With the exception of TL, F2 does had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements and LW (28.8 ± 1.5 vs 27.7 ± 0.5 kg) than Creole does. The body traits of the F1 does were similar (p > 0.05) to those of Creole does with the exception of HL, BL and HR. The F2 kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.31 ± 0.1 vs 2.60 ± 0.1 kg) and grew faster than the Creole kids. Male kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.21 ± 0.10 vs 2.73 ± 0.13 kg), and grew faster than female kids. Season had a significant effect on birth
weight. The results showed that LW of Creole goats and Creole × Nubian does could be estimated in the field using body traits.
Birth weight and growth rate of kids could be improved by management practices that affect season of kidding. 相似文献
10.
Talebi J Moghaddam A Souri M Mirmahmoudi R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):355-360
The present study aims were to determine the profiles of changes in progesterone (P4) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) in the peripheral
blood of Markhoz goat (Iranian Angora) during estrous cycle, gestation, and parturition throughout natural breeding season.
Gestation length averaged 145.3 ± 0.8 days, and the litter size was 1.1 ± 0.1. Birth weight ranged 2.4–2.8 and 1.5–2.5 kg
in male and female kids, respectively. The mean estrous cycle lengths were 20.3 ± 0.4 and 20.9 ± 0.4 days for PGF2α-induced and natural cycles, respectively. Blood sampling was carried out daily during estrous cycle and weekly during gestation
till parturition. E2 attained higher level (24.7 ± 2.15 pg mL−1) at estrus phase and dropped down to the lower level (18.80 ± 1.16 pg mL−1) within 3 to 4 days post-estrus. Concomitantly, P4 started to increase from the mean basal value of 0.5 ± 0.03 ng mL−1 on day 0 to 6.88 ± 0.95 ng mL−1 on day 6 of estrous cycle and reached the peak value of 12.8 ± 0.61 ng mL−1 on day 12. From day 15, a decline was observed in P4 values till the end of the cycle. P4 remained at lower concentrations
for 20–50 days of gestation, then increased and reached to its maximum level (13.51 ± 0.279 ng mL−1) in week 15 and returned again to its basal values within 1–2 weeks before parturition. The results will be discussed in
terms of the usage of steroid hormone profile in several assisted reproductive technologies. 相似文献
11.
Kumar V Kumar P Mohan K Sarkar M Suresh KP Chauhan MS Prakash BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):669-674
The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in circulating levels of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) during peripartum
period in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). IL-8 was estimated in blood plasma of healthy peripartum Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) on days ±30, ±15, ±5, ±3, ±1 and 0 pre- and postpartum with respect to the day of parturition (day 0) in each of the
two different seasons (hot–humid and spring). The mean microclimate Temperature–Humidity Index (THI) during spring season
was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the corresponding THI in hot–humid season. In both the seasons, plasma IL-8 remained lower in prepartum period
(≤46.56 ± 14.08 pg/ml during spring and ≤ 73.18 ± 18.56 pg/ml during hot–humid season) than in the postpartum period (≥51.41 ± 13.82 pg/ml
during spring and ≥ 84.13 ± 16.97 pg/ml in hot humid season). During spring, the IL-8 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on days +5 and +15 postpartum in comparison to the IL-8 levels on days −30, −5, and −3 prepartum. During hot–humid
season, IL-8 level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on day +30 as compared to the IL-8 levels on days −30 and −5 prepartum. The correlation between IL-8 and mean microclimate
THI was significant (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). From the results, it is concluded that peripartum period in buffaloes is associated with an inflammatory response
leading to significantly higher plasma IL-8 during parturition and postpartum period than in the pre-partum period. 相似文献
12.
Commercially available vaccines have been used widely to prevent feline calicivirus infection (FCI). However, with their widespread
use, field strains, which are weakly cross-reactive with the live-virus vaccine strain F9, have posed the problem of vaccine
breakdown. Recently the existence of FCV—associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) has been published. But their molecular
diversity, antigenic mutations and physicochemical property have not been sufficiently clarified. Thus, we experimentally
gave the vaccine breakdown strain (VBS) H10 to cats that had been inoculated with an F9 live vaccine. After the administration
of strain H10, vaccinated cats (1 through 4) had no respiratory symptoms, whereas the non-vaccinated cat 5 showed clinical
symptoms such as a fever of over 40°C, loss of vitality, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and nasal discharge after receiving
strain H10, and died. Lethal FCV is rare, and may be a virulent systemic disease (VSD)—inducing strain. This is the initial
report on VSD in Japan. It has been reported that symptoms of VSD were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated cats on experimental
infection. However, no VSD-like symptoms developed, and the incidence of the disease varied depending on the presence or absence
of vaccination, suggesting that there are two mechanisms of vaccine breakdown: one is associated with the vaccine immunity
level, and the other is not. The characteristics of the VBS revealed were: (1) the duration of virus excretion was short when
the originally carried antibody titer before virus challenge was high, (2) the excreted viral molecular species varied daily,
not being limited to a specific species with time, and (3) the acquired physicochemical properties did not persist, and altered
daily. FCV-VBS alters the molecular species and physicochemical properties daily due to the reduction of host immunity, which
may lead to VSD. 相似文献
13.
Sahin A Ulutas Z Yilmaz Adkinson A Adkinson RW 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1027-1034
A study was conducted to assess the influence of genetic and environmental factors on Brown Swiss calf birth weight, and to
estimate variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values. Data were collected on 1,761 Brown Swiss calves born
from 1990 to 2005 in the Konuklar State Farm in Turkey. Mean birth weight for all calves was 39.3 ± 0.09 kg. Least squares
mean birth weights for male and female Brown Swiss calves were 40.3 ± 0.02 and 39.0 ± 0.02 kg, respectively. Variance components,
genetic parameters, and breeding values for birth weight in Brown Swiss calves were estimated by restricted error maximum
likelihood (REML)–best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP) procedures using an MTDFREML (multiple trait derivative free restricted
maximum likelihood) program employing an animal model. Direct heritability (h
d2), maternal heritability (h
m2), total heritability (h
T2), r
am and c
am estimates were 0.12, 0.09, 0.23, −0.58, and −0.06, respectively. The estimated maternal permanent environmental variance
expressed as a proportion of the phenotypic variance (c
2) was 0.05. Breeding values were estimated for the trait and used to evaluate genetic trends across the time period investigated.
The genetic trend linear regression was not different from zero. No genetic trend for birth weight was expected, since there
had been no direct selection pressure on the trait. Absence of a trend confirms that there was no change due to selection
pressure on correlated traits. Genetic and environmental parameter estimates were similar to literature values indicating
that effective selection methods used in more developed improvement programs would be effective in Turkey as well. 相似文献
14.
Ravinder Sappal Rakesh Kumar Chaudhary Harpal Singh Sandhu Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):659-667
Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following
intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations
in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin
were rapid, as indicated by values (mean ±SD) of distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.16 ± 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t1/2β = 4.24 ± 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 ± 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution
of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 ± 0.28 μg/mlxh and MRT was 8.64 ± 0.61 h.
Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations
ranging from 0.0125 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision
of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote
resistance. 相似文献
15.
Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
16.
Seventy multiparous healthy lactating Holstein cows (fat-corrected milk yield = 7,561.8 kg) were monitored from 14 days before
to 70 days after calving. Transrectal ultrasound scanning was performed twice weekly from 7 to 65 days postpartum. Blood samples
were also collected twice weekly to measure serum P4 and biweekly to detect serum β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Body condition score
(BCS) was taken biweekly after calving. Based on the serum P4 profile of 59 cows (11 cows were excluded due to the occurrence of postpartum diseases) studied, 27 (45.8%) had normal ovarian
activity, while 21 (35.6%), six (10.1%), three (5.1%), and two (3.4%) had delayed ovulation (DOV), prolonged luteal phase
(PLP), short luteal phase (SLP), and cessation of ovarian activity, respectively. Cows with PLP had an earlier ovulation compared
to that of cows with normal ovarian activity (23.16 ± 4.02 vs 31.9 ± 8.35 days; P < 0.05). PLP cows also had a greater mean ± standard deviation peak milk yield (44.2 ± 5.8 vs 37.2 ± 5.7 kg/day, 75 days
postpartum; P < 0.05) than cows with normal postpartum ovarian activity. The PLP group also had greater milk production in the previous
lactation period. Logistic regression analysis indicated that cows with P4 concentration ≥1 ng/ml on day 24 after calving were more at risk for PLP by 1.1 for each 1 kg increase in mean peak milk
yield during 75 days after calving. BCS was lower in cows with DOV compared to that of cows with normal ovarian activity at
any time after calving (P < 0.05). Serum βHB concentrations in DOV cows were significantly higher than that of normal cows on day 42 after calving
(0.69 ± 0.29 vs 0.54 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of NEFA between cows in different groups at any time
after calving (P > 0.05). The concentrations of P4 on days 28 and 31 were negatively correlated with βHB concentration on day 42 after calving in cows with normal ovarian activity
(R = −0.44, P = 0.02). In conclusion, these findings suggest that early ovulation and hence early postpartum P4 rise in addition to the high milk production could partly be responsible for the occurrence of PLP in dairy cows. 相似文献
17.
The survey evaluated the market potential for guinea fowl (GF; Numidia meleagris) products in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. Questionnaires were administered to traders/producers (n = 17), retailers (n = 12), cafeteria industry (n = 33) and consumers (n = 1,680) to establish their perceptions on guinea fowl products. The average household size was 6 ± 2. Each trader sold 10 ± 6.30
keets (mean ± standard error), 33 ± 15.05 growers, 20 ± 12.69 breeders and 20 ± 10.1 crates of 30 eggs per month. Each household
consumed 2.5 ± 1.39 kg of GF meat and 3 ± 0.65 dozens of GF eggs per month. Retailers purchased 52 ± 44.42 crates of GF eggs
and 41 ± 30.50/kg of GF meat whilst cafeteria purchased 33.6 ± 14 crates of GF eggs and 65.5 ± 33.52 kg of GF meat per month.
Growers for breeding were the major product for sale by traders (94.1%) at a price of US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US3.00 ± 0.58 and US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US2.5 ± 0.81/kg) than cafeteria (US$3.67 ± 0.83/kg). The challenges faced by producers in the marketing
of guinea fowl products included poor supply due to the absence of good road networks to connect source areas and the market,
perishability of dressed chickens due to power cuts and poor publicity. Overall, the study showed that there is greater market
potential for guinea fowl products and farmers can channel their products through traders, cafeteria and retail industries. 相似文献
18.
Paltrinieri S Crippa A Comerio T Angioletti A Roccabianca P 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(1-2):68-74
Administration of recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN) has been proposed for the prophylaxis of canine and feline parvovirosis. In the present study, the influence of the administration of rFeIFN on blood markers of inflammation (alpha-globulins, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein) and immune system activation (gamma-globulins, IgG, IgM, specific anti-feline parvovirus IgG or IgM) was evaluated in a cattery developing an outbreak of feline panleukopenia due to feline parvovirus (FPV) infection few days after initial administration of rFeIFN. Kittens (n=23) were injected with rFeIFN (1MU/kg subcutaneously, once a day for 3 days) and their blood parameters were compared with those of 17 untreated cats. Cats that survived the outbreak were vaccinated and re-sampled 1 month after the last rFeIFN administration. Time of emergence of clinical signs and survival rate were not significantly different between the two groups. Controls and treated cats surviving the infection had high levels of gamma-globulins, total- and anti-FPV specific IgGs, likely due to passive transfer of maternal immunity. Compared to controls, treated kittens had lower levels of alpha(1)-globulins and higher mean values of gamma-globulins and immunoglobulins. Data from samples collected after vaccination revealed a higher level of gamma-globulins, total- and anti-FPV specific IgGs in treated kittens, compared with controls, suggesting that rFeIFN stimulates antibody production. Based on this results, rFeIFN should be administered to the queen, to increase passive maternal immunity, or to kittens before introduction in a potentially contaminated environment. 相似文献
19.
G. Ajitkumar T. Sreekumaran R. Praseeda K. A. Mercy K. N. Aravinda Ghosh 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):65-69
Forty bitches in anoestrus for more than six months from the last heat, with a serum progesterone level less than 1 ng/ml
were subjected to oestrus induction trials using anti-prolactin drugs and levothyroxine, once daily orally for 20 consecutive
days. The mean serum progesterone level among them was found to be 0.57 ± 0.03 ng/ml. Out of 10 animals treated in each group,
five (50%) in Group I (bromocriptine @ 50 μg/kg body weight), nine (90%) in Group II (cabergoline @ 5 μg/kg body weight),
eight (80%) in Group III (thyroxine @10 μg/kg body weight) and seven (70%) in Group IV (thyroxine @ 5 μg/kg body weight) responded
by evincing proestrual bleeding. The mean (±SEM) time taken from initiation of treatment to onset of proestrual bleeding in
Groups I, II, III and IV was 28 ± 3.39, 13.44 ± 3.12 (P < 0.05), 24.50 ± 3.18 and 33 ± 2.21 days respectively. The mean (±SEM)
duration of proestrus and oestrus in the treatment groups was 9.80 ± 0.86, 10.11 ± 0.68, 11.25 ± 0.88 and 10.71 ± 0.68 days
and 7.60 ± 0.24, 8 ± 0.29, 8.5 ± 0.63 and 7.85 ± 0.46 days respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of
animals responding to oestrus induction in the treatment groups was 80%, 78%, 63% and 57%, respectively. The mean (±SEM) gestation
length calculated from the last breeding date and litter size in the treatment groups varied from 60.50 ± 1.55 to 64.00 ± 0.82 days
and 5.14 ± 0.34 to 6.40 ± 0.40 respectively. 相似文献
20.
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis of wave pattern of follicular growth and to monitor the ovarian follicular
dynamic in Iraqi buffalo cows. Reproductive tracts were collected at random intervals slaughtered at Mosul abattoir. According
to morphological appearance of the corpus luteum, the estrous cycle was divided into four stages. The number of subordinate
follicle (<5 mm in diameter) was higher during stage 1 (metestrous) and stage (proestrous and estrous) than during other stages
of the estrous cycles, 13.5 ± 6.08 and 4 9.41 ± 3.94, respectively. There were fewer follicles (5–8 mm in diameter) during
early diestrous and proestrous, 1.66 ± 1.42 and estrous, 0.69 ± 0.47 than during metestrous, 4.53 ± 3.23 and late diestrous,
3.66 ± 2.23. Follicles > 8–12 mm in diameter were more numerous during early diestrous, 1.62 ± 1.29 and late diestrous, 1.03 ± 0.72.
A total 38 (64.6%; 82/127) animals examined showed follicles larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous (stage 2 and
stage 3). This indicated that these buffaloes developed two follicular waves in their cycle. Buffaloes did not show follicles
larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous were 45 animals (35.4%; 45/127), but all of these presented one large follicle
during the following stage. These buffaloes develop only one follicular wave in their cycle. It could be concluded that, 64.6%
of Iraqi buffalo cows develop two patterns of follicular waves, and 35.4% showed one wave of follicular dynamics. 相似文献