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1.
W. Grant Guilford BVSc PhD Donald R. Strombeck Quinton Rogers Oscar L. Frick Charles Lawoko 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(6):414-422
The aims of this study were to develop a gastroscopic food sensitivity testing (GFST) technique for clinical use in dogs and to determine if the results of GFST were influenced by the feeding of a hypoallergenic diet immediately before the testing period ("unmasking"). The technical requirements for GFST were devised during a total of eight endoscopies performed in four healthy dogs. GFST was performed in anesthetized dogs in sternal recumbency. Food extracts were dripped onto the dependent aspect of the body of the stomach via plastic tubing passed through the endoscope. Changes were observed within 2 to 3 minutes of application, and included localized mucosal swelling and erythema, generalized mucosal erythema, and hyperperistalsis. The influence of "unmasking" was then examined in 6 atopic and 2 healthy dogs, which underwent GFST on three occasions, 4 weeks apart. Before the first and third testing periods, the dogs consumed a commercial dry dog food. For 5 days before the second testing period the dogs were fed a hypoallergenic elemental diet. Oral challenges were performed to identify which of the dogs had clinically overt immediate food sensitivity. Localized swelling was most frequently correlated with positive challenge PO. No positive reactions occurred in response to the negative control extract (lamb). The number of positive GFST results increased after feeding the hypoallergenic diet. In conclusion, these preliminary results indicate that GFST holds substantial promise for the diagnosis of immediate food sensitivities affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitivity of the procedure appears to be enhanced by preceding testing with a hypoallergenic diet. 相似文献
2.
Fourteen dogs with known clinical hypersensitivity to soy and corn were maintained on a limited antigen duck and rice diet until cutaneous manifestations of pruritus were minimal (78 days). Sequential oral challenges with cornstarch, corn and soy were then performed. Subsequently, the dogs were fed a diet containing hydrolysed soy protein and cornstarch. Throughout the study period the dogs were examined for cutaneous manifestations of pruritus and, additionally, serum was collected for measurement of allergen-specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E concentrations. Intradermal testing with food antigens was performed prior to entry into the study and after 83 days. A statistically significant clinical improvement was measured between days 0 and 83. Significant pruritus was induced after oral challenge with cornstarch, corn and soy (P = 0.04, 0.002, 0.01, respectively) but not with the hydrolysed diet (P = 0.5). The positive predictive value of the skin test for soy and corn allergy was reduced after feeding a soy and corn free diet. Although increases in soy and corn-specific serum IgE concentrations were measured in individual dogs post challenge they were not statistically significant and could not be used to predict clinical hypersensitivity. 相似文献
3.
Ishida R Masuda K Kurata K Ohno K Tsujimoto H 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(1):25-30
Lymphocyte blastogenic responses against food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity were evaluated in this study. Eleven dogs with food hypersensitivity, based on food elimination and oral food provocation tests and allergic responses to food allergens, were examined by various tests such as intradermal testing, antigen-specific IgE testing, and lymphocyte blastogenic responses. The number and kinds of food allergens identified as positive by these tests were compared with the offending food allergens that were found in an oral food provocation test. In 9 (82%) of the 11 dogs with food hypersensitivity, there was close agreement for positive allergens between the results of lymphocyte blastogenic responses and oral food provocation test; however, there was little agreement for intradermal and IgE testing of the positive allergens with those of the oral food provocation test (11% and 31%, respectively). In the 9 dogs, the stimulation indices of lymphocyte blastogenic responses increased to 2.0-10.1 upon food provocation but decreased significantly to 0.7-1.4 upon feeding the elimination diet until clinical signs disappeared. These results indicate that lymphocyte blastogenic responses may fluctuate because of exposure to offending food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity. Lymphocytes reactive to food allergens may play an important role in the pathogenesis of food hypersensitivity in dogs. 相似文献
4.
Zemann B Griot-Wenk M Marti E Mayer P Eder C Nefzger M Schneider H de Weck A Liehl E 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):373-378
Allergen-specific serum IgE may be insensitive as a marker for IgE-mediated reactions at the mucosal level. Five of six atopic beagle dogs developed high ovalbumin (OVA)-specific serum IgE levels after sensitization. This study aimed to show that these dogs still express allergen-specific IgE at the pulmonary and ocular mucosal levels and in the skin even when corresponding serum IgE was below the detection limit. When serum IgE levels were negative, all dogs exhibited allergic reactions at the tissue level. Specifically, they displayed positive ocular reactions after an ocular OVA challenge. After airway challenge with aerosolized OVA, five out of six animals reacted with decreased compliance and increased resistance of the lungs. Furthermore, an eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed. Four weeks after the last exposure to OVA, IgE-positive BALF cells were seen in all animals. Six weeks on, all dogs still displayed positive skin reactions to OVA. This indicates that not only skin testing but also detection of ocular and pulmonary allergic tissue reactions including cell-bound IgE in BALF can serve as more sensitive and lasting surrogate markers of hypersensitivity in the allergic dog model than detection of allergen-specific serum IgE levels. 相似文献
5.
Sheets JT Rossi CA Kearney BJ Moore GE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(9):1418-1422
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available ELISA kit for detecting antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Banked sera from 440 military working dogs were used for serologic analyses. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against B burgdorferi by use of a commercially available ELISA and subsequently by western blot analysis as a confirmatory test. RESULTS: Results from the ELISA indicated that 89 (20%) samples were positive for exposure to B burgdorferi or canine Lyme disease vaccine, and 351 (80%) were negative. Follow-up testing by western blot analysis indicated that results for 109 (25%) samples were positive and 331 (75%) were negative for exposure. All samples that had positive results on the ELISA also had positive results on western blot analysis (true positives). Of the 351 samples that had negative results on the ELISA, only 331 had negative results on western blot analysis (true negatives). The remaining 20 samples had positive results on western blot analysis. By use of a standard 2 x 2 table, it was determined that the ELISA had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 94%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The commercial ELISA kit evaluated in this study appeared to lack adequate sensitivity for detecting all potential cases of borreliosis in dogs. The ELISA was also unable to discriminate natural exposure from exposure attributable to vaccination, which could complicate interpretation of positive results and treatment of dogs with clinical signs. 相似文献
6.
Adverse food reaction (AFR) is a common differential diagnosis for pruritic dogs. The only way to diagnose AFR is an elimination diet of 6-8 weeks with a protein and a carbohydrate source not previously fed. In humans, patch testing has been shown to be a useful tool to diagnose food allergies. In veterinary medicine, serum food allergen-specific antibody testing is widely offered to identify suitable ingredients for such diets. The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictability of patch testing with and serum antibody testing for a variety of common food stuffs. Twenty-five allergic dogs underwent an elimination diet and individual rechallenge with selected food stuffs, food patch testing and serum testing for food-antigen specific IgE and IgG. Eleven clinically normal control dogs only were subjected to patch and serum testing. The sensitivity and specificity of the patch test were 96.7 and 89.0% respectively, negative and positive predictability were 99.3 and 63.0%. For IgE and IgG the sensitivity was 6.7 and 26.7%, specificity were 91.4 and 88.3%, the negative predictive values 80.7 and 83.7% and the positive predictive values were 15.4 and 34.8%. Based on these results, a positive reaction of a dog on these tests is not very helpful, but a negative result indicates that this antigen is tolerated well. We conclude that patch testing (and to a lesser degree serum testing) can be helpful in choosing ingredients for an elimination diet in a dog with suspected AFR. 相似文献
7.
Zimmer A Bexley J Halliwell RE Mueller RS 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):442-447
Serum food allergen-specific antibody testing is widely offered to identify suitable ingredients for diets to diagnose adverse food reaction (AFR) in dogs with allergic skin disease. Antibody concentrations in blood samples obtained during an unsuccessful diet to help in the choice of diet changes may be influenced by the previous diet. The objective of this paper was to measure food antigen-specific IgE and IgG for the most commonly used 16 food antigens before and after an elimination diet. Levels of food-specific serum IgE and IgG antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dogs had detectable IgE antibodies to beef, pork, lamb and cows' milk; and detectable IgG antibodies to beef, pork, lamb, cows' milk, chicken and turkey. Of 19 dogs with complete data sets, 14 dogs showed clear improvement during diet and in 7 dogs AFR could be diagnosed by deterioration on rechallenge and subsequent improvement on refeeding the diet. Serum was obtained before and 6-8 weeks after beginning such a diet. There was no significant difference in pre- and post-diet levels for any of the individual allergens nor for the total IgE and IgG concentrations of all antigens (P=0.55 and P=0.53 respectively). In these 19 dogs in which an elimination diet was used for the diagnosis of food allergy and in which 14 were probably food allergic and 7 were proven food allergic there were no significant differences in food-specific antibodies before and after an elimination diet of 6-8 weeks. 相似文献
8.
Seven of 17 dogs with gastrointestinal signs and suspected dietary intolerance had positive responses to gastroscopic food sensitivity testing (GFST). Five of the non-responders and six of the dogs that responded to GFST were successfully treated with dietary control alone. The seventh dog that responded to GFST had an ileal adenocarcinoma and did not survive to follow-up. Local reactions to GFST included mucosal oedema, mucosal hyperaemia and gastric hyperperistalsis and systemic reactions consisted of hyperventilation and retching. The character of the responses to GFST is consistent with a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to the food antigen, suggesting that IgE may mediate dietary sensitivity in some dogs. Positive responses to GFST may, therefore, demonstrate gastric mucosal hypersensitivity to food antigens and be useful in formulating therapeutic diets; negative responses need to be interpreted with caution. The limitations of the procedure are that it requires a videoendoscopy system, may significantly add to general anaesthetic time and will only detect immediate reactions. 相似文献
9.
10.
R B Grieve L T Glickman A K Bater M Mika-Grieve C B Thomas G J Patronek 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):329-332
A total of 174 dogs from an area hyperenzootic for Dirofilaria immitis were grouped into 4 age categories and necropsied; information was obtained on adult D immitis infections and on the presence of microfilariae. Serum samples from these dogs were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody to adult D immitis and by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for antibody to microfilarial surface antigens. In dogs less than or equal to 5 months of age, necropsy demonstrated no evidence of infection; however, positive serologic results indicated that some of these dogs had prepatent infections. The percentage of dogs with ELISA titers (positive) increased with age, as did the percentage of dogs with adult D immitis infections. The IFAT results were positive in some dogs in each age category. Sera from all 29 dogs with occult infections were positive by ELISA. Sera from 6 of 20 dogs with occult dual-sex heartworm infections and 1 of 9 dogs with occult single-sex heartworm infections were positive by IFAT. For diagnosing occult dirofilariasis, the ELISA had a positive predictive value which increased with age of the dog to a maximum of 65.0% in dogs greater than or equal to 12 months of age; ELISA had a negative predictive value of 100% in all age groups. In contrast, positive and negative predictive values for the IFAT decreased with age of the dog to 60% and 37.5%, respectively, in dogs greater than or equal to 12 months of age. 相似文献
11.
The aim of this study was to evaluate two commercially available selected-protein-source diets as maintenance diets in cats with dermatological manifestations of adverse food reactions. Twenty cats with a confirmed adverse food reaction were tested in a double-blind manner. An adverse food reaction was diagnosed when, after recovery with a home-cooked elimination diet, the signs relapsed after a challenge with their previous dietary components, and re-disappeared on a second elimination diet period. Hereafter the cats were blind and randomly challenged with two commercial hypoallergenic diets. Relapse of the clinical signs was seen in eight cats (40%) on a lamb and rice diet and in 13 cats (65%) on a chicken and rice diet (P>0.05).Neither one of the commercial diets was as effective in controlling the skin problems as the home-cooked elimination diet. The study confirms that commercial hypoallergenic diets are adequate for maintenance. 相似文献
12.
Osterstock JB Fosgate GT Norby B Manning EJ Collins MT Roussel AJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(6):896-901
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exposure to environmental mycobacteria on results of 2 commercial ELISAs for paratuberculosis in cattle. DESIGN: Experimental trial. ANIMALS: 19 weaned crossbred beef calves. PROCEDURES: Calves were inoculated SC with 1 of 5 mycobacterial isolates (3 calves/isolate) derived from herds with high proportions of false-positive serologic reactions for paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP; positive control inoculum; 2 calves), or mineral oil (negative control inoculum; 2 calves). Sera were assessed at intervals by use of 2 ELISAs (A and B) for paratuberculosis in cattle, and all calves underwent tuberculosis testing at the end of the study. RESULTS: Neither mineral oil-inoculated calf had positive results with either ELISA during the study. Both MAP-inoculated calves were identified as seropositive via ELISA-A, and 1 calf was identified as seropositive via ELISA-B. By use of ELISA-A, > or = 1 false-positive reaction over time was detected in 2, 3, 3, and 1 of the 3 calves injected with Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, or Mycobacterium terrae, respectively. By use of ELISA-B, only M scrofulaceum induced false-positive reactions (2/3 calves). Calves that had at least 1 positive ELISA-A result were more likely to be classified as suspect reactors via the caudal fold tuberculosis test. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: False-positive serologic reactions may occur during use of commercially available ELISAs for paratuberculosis in calves experimentally exposed to environmental mycobacteria; naturally occurring exposures with these mycobacteria may represent a cause for high proportions of false-positive serologic reactions for paratuberculosis in some cattle herds. 相似文献
13.
M H Leistra P J Markwell T Willemse 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(10):1411-1414
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 commercially available selected-protein-source diets as maintenance diets in dogs with pruritus caused by adverse food reactions. DESIGN: Randomized crossover trial. ANIMALS: 40 dogs > 6 months of age with pruritus caused by adverse reactions to foods. PROCEDURE: Diagnosis was confirmed by use of diet elimination and provocation studies. Subsequently, dogs were fed 3 commercial diets for 3 weeks each in a randomized, blinded, crossover trial. Dogs were evaluated for pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, and flatulence. RESULTS: Pruritus recurred in 52.5% of dogs fed a chicken-rice diet, 47.5% of dogs fed a catfish-rice diet, and 85% of dogs fed a venison-rice diet. Overall 95% of the dogs could be managed successfully with at least 1 of the 3 diets. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that commercially available limited-allergen diets with selected protein sources may be appropriate for long-term management of pruritus caused by adverse food reactions. Testing of various protein sources is usually required. 相似文献
14.
Intradermal skin testing with 4 cat allergens was performed on 40 dogs. The allergens used were a commercial preparation, cat allergen 1, cat pelt extract, and cat serum. Twenty dogs had inhalant allergies (canine atopy) and 20 dogs were healthy. The dogs in these 2 groups were further allotted to groups of dogs with or without exposure to cats. Cat pelt extract was the only allergen that caused a statistically significant (P less than 0.025) difference in the number of positive reactions in healthy vs allergic dogs, with healthy dogs having the greater number of positive reactions. Seven (35%) of the 20 dogs with no known exposure to cats had positive reactions to at least one of the allergens. In dogs that had been exposed to cats, positive reactions developed in twice the number of dogs without clinical signs of canine atopy, compared with those with clinical signs of canine atopy. These data showed that dogs do become sensitized to cat allergen, but that this sensitization may not indicate known exposure to cats or clinical disease. 相似文献
15.
OBJECTIVE: To compare an ELISA measuring serum allergen-specific IgE with intradermal skin testing in canine atopic dermatitis. PROCEDURE: Eighty-four dogs with the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis underwent intradermal skin testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE. Tests were performed in a blinded fashion. Positive reactions were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the serum test (using intradermal skin test as the standard) were determined overall and for individual allergen groups (grass pollens, weed pollens, tree pollens, house dust mites and fleas). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the ELISA overall was 90.4%. Evaluating the individual allergen groups, the sensitivity for dust mite hypersensitivity was 95.1%, for fleas 85.4%, for tree pollens 84.3%, for grass pollens 95.1% and for weed pollens 96.4%. The specificity was 91.6% overall, for dust mites 96.3%, for fleas 92.7%, for tree pollens 95.2%, for grass pollens 94% and for weed pollens 80.7%. CONCLUSION: The evaluated ELISA seemed reliable for the diagnosis of atopy in practice and can be recommended as a screening test prior to intradermal skin testing or for use in dogs when immunotherapy is not a therapeutic option. 相似文献
16.
A new monoclonal enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA; CMG IMMUNODOT, Fribourg, Switzerland) measuring food antigen-specific serum IgE was used in an attempt to investigate food allergen-specific IgE in dogs. The serum of eight dogs with clinically proven adverse reactions to specific proteins was tested for beef, cow's milk, pork, lamb, hen's egg, soybean, fish mix (cod/sole), peanut, maize and wheat flour. The control group consisted of three healthy dogs, three dogs with nonallergic skin disease, two dogs with atopy, a cat and a horse. Only three mild positive reactions to beef, lamb and peanut, respectively, were found in this study; the sera were from two control dogs with the clinical diagnosis of dermatophytosis and atopy. None of the animals with confirmed food adverse reactions showed positive reactions. This study indicates that the diagnosis of food adverse reactions in the dog by measuring allergen-specific IgE with the used mononuclear ELISA is unreliable. 相似文献
17.
Abstract— A commercial canned lamb and rice diet was fed to 20 dogs with previously diagnosed determatologic problems due to adverse reactions to food. Fifteen of the 20 dogs had concurrent atopy and flea allergy which were being treated with hyposensitization and agressive flea control. Palatability and acceptability were good in most of the dogs. Recurrent of previous dermatologic signs did not occur in 75 per cent (15/20) of the dogs while they were fed the diet. Gastrointestinal side effects, specifically diarrhea, caused the owners to stop feeding the diet in four dogs. Overall, 60 per cent (12/20) experienced some gastrointestinal signs during the diet trail. 相似文献
18.
Effect of an omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid-containing commercial lamb and rice diet on pruritus in atopic dogs: results of a single-blinded study. 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
D W Scott W H Miller Jr G A Reinhart H O Mohammed M S Bagladi 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1997,61(2):145-153
A commercial, lamb and rice, dog food with an omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio of 5.5:1 was fed in a single-blinded, self-controlled clinical trial to 18 atopic dogs. The pruritus in 8 of these dogs (44.4%) was satisfactorily controlled within 7 to 21 d, returned within 3 to 14 d after the diet was withdrawn, and was again controlled when the diet was reinstated. Plasma and skin levels of examined fatty acids changed in all 18 dogs when their diet was switched to the test diet. Dogs responding to the test diet had a different pattern of fatty acid change as compared to the dogs which failed to respond to the diet, suggesting that there are subsets of atopic dogs with different fatty acid metabolism capabilities. 相似文献
19.
SUMMARY This paper reviews food allergy and intolerance in dogs and cats. Adverse reactions to ingested food components can affect many systems and can produce signs involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and central nervous system, and these clinical signs are reviewed. Most basic food ingredients have the potential to induce an allergic response, although most reactions are caused by proteins. In particular, dogs and cats can become sensitive to cow's milk, beef, fish or cereal. Food allergy and intolerance is rare in dogs and cats, although the incidence in practice is difficult to establish. Clinical signs are quite variable, depending on the individual response, although the major clinical sign is pruritus. Diagnosis can be difficult, as there is no single test available to help the clinician to confirm or refute the presence of food sensitivity. Diagnosis is based on dietary investigation in the form of elimination diets and test meals. Elimination diets for dogs include lamb, chicken, rabbit, horse meat and fish as sources of protein, with rice or potatoes. Successful elimination diets for cats include lamb, chicken, rabbit or venison, with rice. Improvement in clinical signs while on the elimination diet is suggestive of food allergy. The diagnosis should be confirmed by feeding the original diet, with the development of clinical signs within 7 to 14 days of feeding. 相似文献
20.
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Canine scabies is a challenging disease to diagnose because sarcoptic mites are hard to find on skin scrapings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an aid in the diagnosis of canine scabies. In addition, serum samples were obtained post treatment to determine the duration and persistence of circulating scabies antibodies after resolution of natural infection. Nineteen dogs diagnosed with sarcoptic mange and 38 control dogs were tested. Sixteen scabies-infested dogs showed positive pretreatment ELISA results (84.2% sensitivity). Thirty-four control dogs showed negative ELISA results (89.5% specificity). In the 11 scabies dogs from which multiple post treatment serum samples were obtained, detectable antibodies were not present 1 month after treatment in four cases, but were present for 1-4.5 months post treatment in seven dogs. Our results suggest that this scabies ELISA test is useful in the diagnosis of canine scabies. 相似文献