共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Coordinate regulation of beta-lactamase induction and peptidoglycan composition by the amp operon 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
E Tuomanen S Lindquist S Sande M Galleni K Light D Gage S Normark 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4990):201-204
The amp operon, which is located on the Escherichia coli chromosome, modulates the induction of plasmid-borne beta-lactamase genes by extracellular beta-lactam antibiotics. This suggests that the gene products AmpD and AmpE may function in the transduction of external signals. beta-Lactam antibiotics are analogs of cell wall components that can be released during cell wall morphogenesis of enterobacteria. The amp operon was studied to determine its importance in signal transduction during cell wall morphogenesis. The peptidoglycan compositions of amp mutants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. When a chromosomal or plasmid-borne copy of ampD was present, the amount of pentapeptide-containing muropeptides in the cell wall increased upon addition of the cell wall constituent diaminopimelic acid to the growth medium. These results suggest that beta-lactamase induction and modulation of the composition of the cell wall share elements of a regulatory circuit that involves AmpD. Escherichia coli requires AmpD to respond to extracellular signaling amino acids, such as diaminopimelic acid, and this signal transduction system may regulate peptidoglycan composition in response to cell wall turnover products. 相似文献
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Chang CI Chelliah Y Borek D Mengin-Lecreulx D Deisenhofer J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5768):1761-1764
Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a naturally occurring fragment of Gram-negative peptidoglycan, is a potent elicitor of innate immune responses in Drosophila. It induces the heterodimerization of its recognition receptors, the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) LCa and LCx, which activates the immune deficiency pathway. The crystal structure at 2.1 angstrom resolution of TCT in complex with the ectodomains of PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCx shows that TCT is bound to and presented by the LCx ectodomain for recognition by the LCa ectodomain; the latter lacks a canonical peptidoglycan-docking groove conserved in other PGRPs. The interface, revealed in atomic detail, between TCT and the receptor complex highlights the importance of the anhydro-containing disaccharide in bridging the two ectodomains together and the critical role of diaminopimelic acid as the specificity determinant for PGRP interaction. 相似文献
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On the origin of bacterial resistance to penicillin: comparison of a beta-lactamase and a penicillin target 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J A Kelly O Dideberg P Charlier J P Wery M Libert P C Moews J R Knox C Duez C Fraipont B Joris 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4744):1429-1431
Structural data are now available for comparing a penicillin target enzyme, the D-alanyl-D-alanine-peptidase from Streptomyces R61, with a penicillin-hydrolyzing enzyme, the beta-lactamase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. Although the two enzymes have distinct catalytic properties and lack relatedness in their overall amino acid sequences except near the active-site serine, the significant similarity found by x-ray crystallography in the spatial arrangement of the elements of secondary structure provides strong support for earlier hypotheses that beta-lactamases arose from penicillin-sensitive D-alanyl-D-alanine-peptidases involved in bacterial wall peptidoglycan metabolism. 相似文献
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飞虱是农业的重要害虫之一,其体内存在大量共生菌,它们为寄主提供氨基酸、固醇类物质以及蛋白质等多种营养成分,保证飞虱的正常生长和繁殖。利用对飞虱内生真菌28S rDNA基因克隆和序列比对分析的方法,首次对烟翅白背飞虱Sogatella Kolophon和长绿飞虱Saccharosydne procerus体内内生真菌的多样性进行研究。结果显示,烟翅白背飞虱腹部脂肪体内可能存在4种内生真菌,其中热带假丝酵母Candida tropicalis为优势共生菌;长绿飞虱可能存在6种内生真菌,其中担子菌酵母Derxomyces anomala和泡状莫氏黑粉菌Moesziomyces bullatus系为飞虱首次发现。另外,在这2种飞虱体内均发现了一种与白地霉 Galactomyces geotrichum相似度为99%的内生真菌,这也是该菌在飞虱体内的首次报道。本研究为以后探讨内生真菌与其宿主的进化关系及探索利用内生菌防治飞虱害虫奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Pathogenic enterococci are becoming resistant to currently available antibiotics, including vancomycin, the drug of last resort for Gram-positive infections. Enterococci pose a significant public health threat, not least because of the risk of transferring vancomycin resistance to the ubiquitous Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin resistance is manifested by cell wall peptidoglycan precursors with altered termini that cannot bind the antibiotic. Small molecules with well-oriented nucleophile-electrophile assembly and complementary chirality to the peptidoglycan termini were identified as catalytic and selective cleavers of the peptidoglycan precursor depsipeptide. These molecules were tested in combination with vancomycin and were found to re-sensitize vancomycin-resistant bacteria to the antibiotic. 相似文献
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Lb.casei.Zhang肽聚糖体内外抗肿瘤作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究干酪乳杆菌Lb.casei.Zhang细胞壁肽聚糖(peptidoglycan;PG)的抗肿瘤作用,用流式细胞仪检测肽聚糖对人胃癌BGC-823细胞生长周期的影响。以肝癌H22细胞移植瘤昆明小鼠为模型,分别采用原位杂交和免疫组化方法检测小鼠移植瘤增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)mRNA的表达以及凋亡因子Bcl-2和Bax基因的蛋白表达。结果显示,肽聚糖能够阻滞人胃癌BGC-823细胞生长于G0/G1期;实验组PCNA mRNA的表达和Bcl-2基因的蛋白表达平均光密度值均明显低于对照组,而Bax基因蛋白表达情况则相反,与对照组比较,均差异显著(α=0.05),且抑瘤率达37.21%。提示干酪乳杆菌Lb.casei.Zhang细胞壁肽聚糖具有抗肿瘤作用。 相似文献
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Wallace BD Wang H Lane KT Scott JE Orans J Koo JS Venkatesh M Jobin C Yeh LA Mani S Redinbo MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6005):831-835
The dose-limiting side effect of the common colon cancer chemotherapeutic CPT-11 is severe diarrhea caused by symbiotic bacterial β-glucuronidases that reactivate the drug in the gut. We sought to target these enzymes without killing the commensal bacteria essential for human health. Potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitors were identified by high-throughput screening and shown to have no effect on the orthologous mammalian enzyme. Crystal structures established that selectivity was based on a loop unique to bacterial β-glucuronidases. Inhibitors were highly effective against the enzyme target in living aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but did not kill the bacteria or harm mammalian cells. Finally, oral administration of an inhibitor protected mice from CPT-11-induced toxicity. Thus, drugs may be designed to inhibit undesirable enzyme activities in essential microbial symbiotes to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy. 相似文献
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双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖对实验性胃癌抑制作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖(WPG)对实验性胃癌生长的抑制作用,从两歧双歧杆菌中提取完整肽聚糖,以人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,观察不同浓度WPG对移植瘤生长的抑制情况,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,HE染色观察WPG对移植瘤组织形态的影响。结果显示,WPG低、中、高剂量组移植瘤的生长速度、平均瘤重均明显低于阴性对照组,抑瘤率分别为62.50%、67.87%和87.50%,与阳性对照(5-氟脲嘧啶)组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。HE染色结果显示,WPG组移植瘤中普遍存在不同程度的坏死。结果表明,双歧杆菌WPG能抑制裸鼠体内胃癌的生长,为开发新型高效、低毒的抗肿瘤药物提供试验依据。 相似文献
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The effective area, resistance, and configuration of the apical and basolateral cell membranes of the bullfrog gastric mucosa were studied as a function of acid secretion rate, by alternating-current impedance methods. The drop in transepithelial resistance with acid secretion is attributed to the great increase in apical membrane area (hence conductance) associated with tubulovesicles. There is no evidence of a change in basolateral membrane resistance or of apical membrane premeability per unit area. 相似文献
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不同纬度烟区烤烟叶中主要非挥发性有机酸的研究 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28
为了探明不同纬度烟区烤烟中的多元有机酸和高级脂肪酸的差异及其对烤烟香气风格的影响,以中国不同纬度烟区C3F烤烟叶为材料,进行了多元有机酸、高级脂肪酸及糖酸比的分析比较．结果表明,低纬度产区烤烟中的苹果酸、柠檬酸和总有机酸显著低于中纬度产区和高纬度产区;低纬度产区和高纬度产区烤烟中饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸及还原糖含量均显著高于中纬度产区,烤烟中还原糖与多元有机酸总量的比值,在一定程度上可以反映出生态环境对烤烟中的还原糖及其转化产物多元有机酸的影响以及不同烟区烤烟的香气风格。 相似文献
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Next to N2 gas, the largest pool of reduced nitrogen in the ocean resides in the enormous reservoir of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The chemical identity of most of this material, and the mechanisms by which it is cycled, remain fundamental questions in contemporary oceanography. Amino acid enantiomeric ratios in the high molecular weight fraction of DON from surface and deep water in three ocean basins show substantial enrichment in D enantiomers of four amino acids. The magnitude and pattern of these D/L enrichments indicate that peptidoglycan remnants derived from bacterial cell walls constitute a major source of DON throughout the sea. These observations suggest that structural properties of specific bacterial biopolymers, and the mechanisms for their accumulation, are among the central controls on long-term cycling of dissolved organic nitrogen in the sea. 相似文献
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福建省沿海城市城区和郊区酸雨观测的对比分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
以2002-2003年福建省沿海11个城市的酸雨监测数据为基础,结合850 hPa高度上的风场资料,探讨各个沿海城市城郊两地酸雨的时空分布及差异.2002-2003年,福建省多数沿海城市城郊两地酸雨污染程度有一定差异,城区降水酸度主要由局地污染物的化学属性所决定,郊区酸雨污染则受外来污染物的影响;四季气象条件和850 hPa高空风向的变化都对沿海城市城郊两地酸雨污染产生一定程度的影响,并影响降水的酸性. 相似文献
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Gobert V Gottar M Matskevich AA Rutschmann S Royet J Belvin M Hoffmann JA Ferrandon D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5653):2126-2130
The Toll-dependent defense against Gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila is mediated through the peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (PGRP-SA). A mutation termed osiris disrupts the Gram-negative binding protein 1 (GNBP1) gene and leads to compromised survival of mutant flies after Gram-positive infections, but not after fungal or Gram-negative bacterial challenge. Our results demonstrate that GNBP1 and PGRP-SA can jointly activate the Toll pathway. The potential for a combination of distinct proteins to mediate detection of infectious nonself in the fly will refine the concept of pattern recognition in insects. 相似文献
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腐植酸叶面肥在叶菜上的应用效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了筛选新型高效的腐植酸叶面肥,以菠菜和小油菜为试验材料,对9种腐植酸叶面肥的应用效果进行研究。结果表明,腐植酸叶面肥能有效促进菠菜和小油菜的叶面积、地上部分的质量和总质量。A1、A9、A5、A3和A4等5种腐植酸叶面肥对菠菜生长促进作用明显,其中A1的400倍稀释液对促进菠菜的叶面积和地上部分质量效果最显著,分别比对照增加16.33%和34.51%。A9、A3、A8、A5等4种腐植酸叶面肥对小油菜的生长促进作用明显,其中A9的800倍稀释液对小油菜的叶面积、地上部质量和总质量的影响达显著水平,分别比对照增加63.4%、51.3%和52.0%。试验结果还表明腐植酸叶面肥对菠菜和小油菜根重的增加效果不明显。分别对菠菜和小油菜的单株总质量、地上部质量、叶面积和根重等性状进行了相关分析,发现这两种叶菜的单株总质量与叶面积和地上部质量显著相关,叶面积与地上部质量显著相关。试验数据说明腐植酸叶面肥主要促进叶子的生长,通过增加叶面积增加菠菜和小油菜的单株质量和地上部质量。 相似文献
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[目的]为宁夏引种金银花的质量评价和质量控制提供依据。[方法]以原产地山东省平邑县和引种地宁夏自治区贺兰县不同花期的金银花为试材,HPLC测定绿原酸含量,分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,并进行比较分析。[结果]引种地金银花大白期绿原酸含量最高,为3.792%。原产地金银花银花期绿原酸含量最高,为4.076%。原产地金银花二白期和银花期绿原酸含量明显高于引种地。原产地金银花各个花期总黄酮含量均明显高于引种地,原产地以金银花二白期总黄酮含量最高,为1.968%,引种地以金银花金花期总黄酮含量最高,为1.683%。以上差异因山东平邑和宁夏贺兰的最低月均气温、年均降水、海拔等生态因素存在较大差异所造成的。[结论]原产地与引种地金银花中的绿原酸、总黄酮含量存在差异。 相似文献
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Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the polymerization step of cell-wall biosynthesis, are membrane-bound, and are highly conserved across all bacteria. Long considered the "holy grail" of antibiotic research, they represent an essential and easily accessible drug target for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We have determined the 2.8 angstrom structure of a bifunctional cell-wall cross-linking enzyme, including its transpeptidase and GT domains, both unliganded and complexed with the substrate analog moenomycin. The peptidoglycan GTs adopt a fold distinct from those of other GT classes. The structures give insight into critical features of the catalytic mechanism and key interactions required for enzyme inhibition. 相似文献