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1.
Population structure and relationships within and among 185 accessions of wild (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (H. v. ssp. vulgare) from five countries in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region were studied using 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The accessions were divided into subspecies/origin (S/O)‐groups and marker results were analysed in relation to genetic diversity and genetic structure. Wild barley from WANA was found to be highly diverse. The landraces from different countries of the Near East showed genetic diversity that was nearly as high as the wild barley from the same country. Further analyses showed that wild barley from Palestine/Israel represented the group with the highest diversity and the most complex structure. However, this group was distantly related to the cultivated barley in WANA, while the wild barley from the rest of the WANA region was closely related to the cultivated WANA barley. The high diversity and the close relationship to the wild barley make the WANA landraces an interesting genetic resource for both conservation and exploitation. 相似文献
2.
The diversity among 52 landraces and cultivars of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and one accession of its wild ancestor, F. tataricum ssp. potanini Batalin, from diverse geographic origins was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)
markers. Eighteen primers produced a total of 240 fragments, of which 153 (63.75%) were monomorphic and 87 (36.25%) polymorphic
bands. UPGMA-based pairwise Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity was used to deduce the relationships among 53 genetically
diverse accessions. The similarity between cultivated tartary buckwheat accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.00. Four distinct
clusters were formed which corresponded well with the geographic distribution of the tartary buckwheat. Nepalese accessions
showed maximum diversity followed by Chinese accessions. Tartary buckwheat accessions from the Himalayan region of northwestern
India revealed a narrow gene pool. The wild buckwheat accession did not group with any of the three cultivated tartary buckwheat
groups, and formed its own single-entry group. Genetic similarity (0.59) of Chinese buckwheat accessions with the wild ancestor
reaffirmed that cultivated tartary buckwheat originated in the Yunnan province of northwestern China. Consistent with some
earlier reports, our study demonstrated the usefulness of the RAPD technique for the characterization of plant genetic resources
and assessment of diversity between species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
中国普通野生稻与栽培稻种SSR多样性的比较分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用48对SSR引物对288份我国普通野生稻和栽培稻的遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示, 共检测到505个等位基因, 每个位点的等位基因数变幅为5~20, 平均10.5个; 平均Nei基因多样性指数(He)为0.731, 变幅为0.384(RM409)~0.905(RM206)。普通野生稻遗传多样性高于栽培稻种, 栽培稻等位基因数和平均Nei基因多样性指数分别为普通野生稻的70.2%和88.2%, 其中, 栽培稻地方品种和选育品种等位基因数分别为普通野生稻的65.4%和53.0%, 选育品种等位基因数仅为地方品种的81.1%。AMOVA分析表明, 总变异的10.3%是由于种间SSR遗传差异所引起的, 不同SSR位点种间的分化程度不同, 在0.7%~46.3%之间, 有43个位点种间遗传分化达到显著水平, 其中以RM427分化最为明显, 达46.3%。聚类分析表明, 中国普通野生稻总体偏粳, 极少数广东、海南材料偏籼。 相似文献
4.
Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated soybeans growing in China revealed by RAPD analysis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of wild and cultivated soybeans growing in China, 21 wild soybean accessions and 27 cultivated soybean landraces were analysed by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA method. The data show that wild soybean has a higher genetic variation than cultivated soybean, indicating that genetic variation has been reduced by domestication of wild soybean. Based on Nei's genetic similarity coefficient, all the accessions were classified into two major clusters, corresponding to wild and cultivated varieties of soybean. Furthermore, within each species, the accessions tend to form sub‐clusters that are in agreement with their geographical origins, demonstrating that an extensive geographical genetic differentiation exists in both species. For cultivated soybean, the varieties from the same geographical region but with different seasonal types were found to have closer genetic relationships than varieties from different geographical regions but with the same seasonal type. This result indicates that geographical differentiation plays a key role in the genetic differentiation of both wild and cultivated soybeans. Cultivated soybean varieties with different seasonal types in a region might have been established mainly from the local genotypes. 相似文献
5.
Fifty cassava clones were studied using RAPD technique. They included landraces from the Wenchi, Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkoro
and Asonafo districts of the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana and three improved varieties. Genetic diversity of these genotypes
was studied using four primers, OPK-01, OPR-02, OPR-09 and OPJ-14. A total of 41 different bands were detected. Levels of
polymorphic fragments detected by the four primers ranged from 90% to 100%. By pooling bands from individual accessions together,
mean number of fragments per accession per primer ranged from 5.50±1.04 for the Improved cultivars to 7.00±0.71 for populations
of landraces from Dormaa. Mean frequencies of fragments not detected by the primers for the accessions were 0.524±0.12, 0.460±0.12,
0.561±0.12 and 0.523±0.12 for landraces from Wenchi, Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkro, Asonafo and the Improved varieties, respectively.
The grand mean frequency of individuals showing fragments not present in populations was 0.522±0.10. Genetic diversity estimates
ranged from 0.290 to 0.425 (mean 0.352±0.05) for primer OPK-01, 0.001 to 0.381 (mean 0.309±0.06) for primer OPR-02, 0.335
to 0.344 (mean 0.283±0.04) for primer OPR-09 and 0.152 to 0.352 (mean 0.261±0.07) for primer OPJ-14. Within the accessions
mean gene diversity estimates were 0.316±0.03, 0.293±0.09, 0.331±0.02, 0.322±0.07 and 0.247±0.03 for accessions from Wenchi,
Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkro, Asonafo districts and the Improved varieties, respectively. Interpopulational genetic divergence
ranged from 0.069 to 0.203 (mean 0.119±0.04). Rate of nucleotide substitution among the landraces was 9.8 per cent per site
per year, while that for the Improved varieties was 15 per cent.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Genetic relationships of sesame germplasm collection as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeats 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
D. H. Kim G. Zur Y. Danin-Poleg S. W. Lee K. B. Shim C. W. Kang Y. Kashi 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(3):259-262
Inter‐simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic relationships among 75 Sesamum indicum L. accessions of Korean and exotic sesame. Fourteen reliable ISSR primers were selected for the assessment of genetic diversity, yielding 79 amplification products. Of these polymerase chain reaction products, 33% revealed polymorphism among the 75 accessions. Genetic distances ranged from 0 to 0.255, with a mean genetic distance of 0.0687. The 75 accessions were divided into seven groups on the basis of unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The largest group consisted of 25 Korean cultivars, eight Korean breeding lines and 17 world‐wide accessions. The other groups included 25 accessions, several of which contained useful traits. The dendrogram did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical origin. However, all Korean sesame cultivars except ‘Namsankkae’ were clustered in the same group, indicating a narrow gene pool. Some of the Korean breeding lines were spread along the dendrogram, showing enlargement of genetic diversity. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be used in future breeding programmes. 相似文献
7.
Katsunori Tanaka Yukari Akashi Kenji Fukunaga Tatsuya Yamamoto Yasheng Aierken Hidetaka Nishida Chun Lin Long Hiromichi Yoshino Yo-Ichiro Sato Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2013,63(2):183-196
Molecular analysis encouraged discovery of genetic diversity and relationships of cultivated melon (Cucumis melo L.). We sequenced nine inter- and intra-genic regions of the chloroplast genome, about 5500 bp, using 60 melon accessions and six reference accessions of wild species of Cucumis to show intra-specific variation of the chloroplast genome. Sequence polymorphisms were detected among melon accessions and other Cucumis species, indicating intra-specific diversification of the chloroplast genome. Melon accessions were classified into three subclusters by cytoplasm type and then into 12 subgroups. Geographical origin and seed size also differed between the three subclusters. Subcluster Ia contained small-seed melon from Southern Africa and South and East Asia and subcluster Ib mainly consisted of large-seed melon from northern Africa, Europe and USA. Melon accessions of subcluster Ic were only found in West, Central and Southern Africa. Our results indicated that European melon groups and Asian melon groups diversified independently and shared the same maternal lineage with northern African large-seed melon and Southern African small-seed melon, respectively. Cultivated melon of subcluster Ic may have been domesticated independently in Africa. The presence of 11 cytoplasm types in Africa strongly supported African origin of cultivated melon and indicated the importance of germplasm from Africa. 相似文献
8.
Akito Kaga Takehiko Shimizu Satoshi Watanabe Yasutaka Tsubokura Yuichi Katayose Kyuya Harada Duncan A. Vaughan Norihiko Tomooka 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):566-592
Genetic variation and population structure among 1603 soybean accessions, consisted of 832 Japanese landraces, 109 old and 57 recent Japanese varieties, 341 landrace from 16 Asian countries and 264 wild soybean accessions, were characterized using 191 SNP markers. Although gene diversity of Japanese soybean germplasm was slight lower than that of exotic soybean germplasm, population differentiation and clustering analyses indicated clear genetic differentiation among Japanese cultivated soybeans, exotic cultivated soybeans and wild soybeans. Nine hundred ninety eight Japanese accessions were separated to a certain extent into groups corresponding to their agro-morphologic characteristics such as photosensitivity and seed characteristics rather than their geographical origin. Based on the assessment of the SNP markers and several agro-morphologic traits, accessions that retain gene diversity of the whole collection were selected to develop several soybean sets of different sizes using an heuristic approach; a minimum of 12 accessions can represent the observed gene diversity; a mini-core collection of 96 accession can represent a major proportion of both geographic origin and agro-morphologic trait variation. These selected sets of germplasm will provide an effective platform for enhancing soybean diversity studies and assist in finding novel traits for crop improvement. 相似文献
9.
部分烟草种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR标记分析 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33
烟草遗传资源多样性与亲缘关系研究，是烟草遗传育种与起源演化研究的重要基础，本文首次应用ISSR标记，对烟草属（Nicotiana）4个种30份材料的遗传多样性进行分析。从70个ISSR引物中共筛选出16个多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物，对30个样品DNA共扩增出309条谱带，平均每个引物扩增出19.31条带，多态性条带比率（PPB）达93.20%。种间遗传相似系数在0.26~0.96之间，表现出丰富的遗传多态性。系统聚类结果显示，N. glutinosa、N. suaveolens、N. gossei 3个野生种间存在较大的遗传差异，遗传相似系数在0.29~0.52之间；27份栽培品种种内遗传相似性相对较高，在0.54~0.96之间，显示出栽培种内的遗传基础相对比较狭窄，但其中白肋21、台烟7号与其他供试材料有较大的遗传差异。ISSR聚类分析表明，当L1取值为D = 0.475时，可将3个野生种与27份烟草栽培品种明显区分开，反映出种间的遗传差异；当L2取值为D = 0.776时，可将30份材料分为2个大类、3个小类和6个独立的个类，较好地揭示了烟草属种间或栽培种品种类型间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系，可为烟草遗传育种和遗传连锁图谱构建的杂交亲本选择提供科学依据。本研究还表明ISSR标记比RAPD标记具有更高的稳定性，在植物遗传多样性的分子标记或克隆研究中，可优先使用ISSR标记。 相似文献
10.
利用SSR分析四倍体棉种多态性 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用SSR标记对60份四倍体棉种材料进行遗传多样性分析,其中包括42份陆地棉野生种系。结果显示, 从1 050对SSR引物筛选出的95对SSR引物均能在60份材料间扩增出稳定明显的多态性条带,共检测出660个片段,其中多态性片段584个,占88.5%。每个位点的等位基因为2~12个,平均每对引物6.1个。UPGMA聚类分析显示, 42份材料的相似性系数(GS)在0.306~1.000之间,平均成对相似系数为0.493。95对引物的多态信息含量(PIC)的变幅为0.278~0.905,基因多样性(H¢)的变幅为0.451~2.451, 有效等位基因数(Ne)在1.385~10.490之间变动。SSR标记在陆地棉野生种系及四倍体棉种间均可反映丰富的遗传多样性信息,其中陆地棉与陆地棉野生种系中阔叶棉的亲缘关系最近,海岛棉和达尔文棉的亲缘关系非常相近,黄褐棉和毛棉相对较近,陆地棉与其他4个棉种的亲缘关系最远。 相似文献
11.
The genetic variability of 46 accessions of the Lima bean (P. lunatus L.) including 16 wild forms and 30 landraces belonging
to the three cultigroups Big lima, Sieva, Potato, and their intermediates, was evaluated using RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic
DNA) markers. Twelve oligonucleotide primers produced 172 RAPD markers which allowed the differentiation of two main groups:
the mesoamerican and the andean groups. This was confirmed by an AMOVA analysis which indicated that 37.7% of the variation
was found between these two groups. For each botanical form (wild and cultivated), the molecular markers showed that small-seeded
types (i.e. Sieva and Potato types and their related wild forms) had a wide distribution (from Mexico to Argentina) while
the large-seeded types (Big lima type and its related wild forms) were circumscribed to the narrow west-coastal region from
Ecuador to Bolivia. The results are in favour of an independent domestication process within the two groups, as the differentiation
between mesoamerican and andean accessions was found to occur in both wild forms and landraces. Within each of the two main
groups, wild forms and landraces were also found to be genetically differentiated and higher genetic diversity was observed
among landraces than among wild forms. Within the mesoamerican landraces, low but significant differentiation between the
Sieva and Potato cultigroups was observed. Some suggestions and hypotheses are discussed about evolution of the two small-seeded
types.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Anochar Kaewwongwal Alisa Kongjaimun Prakit Somta Sompong Chankaew Tarikar Yimram Peerasak Srinives 《Breeding Science》2015,65(2):127-137
In this study, 520 cultivated and 14 wild accessions of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) were assessed for diversity using 22 SSR markers. Totally, 199 alleles were detected with a mean of 9.05 alleles per locus. Wild black gram showed higher gene diversity than cultivated black gram. Gene diversity of cultivated accessions among regions was comparable, while allelic richness of South Asia was higher than that of other regions. 78.67% of the wild gene diversity presented in cultivated accessions, indicating that the domestication bottleneck effect in black gram is relatively low. Genetic distance analysis revealed that cultivated black gram was more closely related to wild black gram from South Asia than that from Southeast Asia. STRUCTURE, principal coordinate and neighbor-joining analyses consistently revealed that 534 black gram accessions were grouped into three major subpopulations. The analyses also revealed that cultivated black gram from South Asia was genetically distinct from that from West Asia. Comparison by SSR analysis with other closely related Vigna species, including mungbean, azuki bean, and rice bean, revealed that level of gene diversity of black gram is comparable to that of mungbean and rice bean but lower than that of azuki bean. 相似文献
13.
Eva M. Sehr Walter Okello-Anyanga Karin Hasel-Hohl Agnes Burg Stephan Gaubitzer Patrick R. Rubaihayo Patrick Okori Johann Vollmann Paul Gibson Silvia Fluch 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(1):117-124
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important ancient oilseed crops grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Uganda, most of the cultivated sesame varieties are local landraces which are frequently traded between farmers. Although these traditional landraces are an important source of genetic diversity, knowledge of their genetic diversity is still limited.Agromorphological traits and a set of published and newly developed microsatellite markers were analyzed on a collection of 121 accessions of Ugandan sesame landraces. CpSSR analysis revealed four haplotypes, whereby haplotype B was present in 96% of the individuals. The analysis of nSSR markers from 6 non-coding regions revealed a mean PIC value of 0.56 whereas the PIC value of eight selected EST-derived SSRs was 0.26. Accession-wise, the expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0 to 0.396. AMOVA revealed that the majority of the variance occurred among the individuals accounting for 75% of the total variation, only 6% was attributed to differences among the districts, pointing towards a high gene flow (Nm = 4.476). These results are supported by the PCoA analysis as well as the NJ tree both of which revealed no clustering of the accessions according to their geographic origin. Also the statistical analysis of 10 agromorphological traits indicated no clear pattern related to the geographic origin. Such a poor grouping, indicative of considerable gene flow across geographic domains, could be explained either by a high outcrossing rate, and/or through extensive seed trading. 相似文献
14.
Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is an important insect pest which causes severe economic losses in wheat (Triticum spp.). Among the various U.S. RWA biotypes, biotype 1 (RWA1) and biotype 2 (RWA2) are the most prevalent and most virulent
on cultivated genotypes. Although many sources of resistance to these biotypes are available among landraces, their relatedness
should be characterized to permit their more efficient use in breeding programs. In this study, 38 hexaploid accessions resistant
to biotype 1 and/or biotype 2 were evaluated for genetic diversity based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP).
Fifteen AFLP selective primer combinations were used to genotype these accessions, resulting in 893 amplicons. Of these, 274
(30.6%) informative polymorphic bands were used for genetic diversity analysis. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from
0.47 to 0.87 among the resistant accessions, indicating high genetic diversity among them. Cluster analysis grouped the 38
accessions into two major clusters, I and II, including resistant lines for RWA1 and RWA2. The study indicated that accessions
in the National Small Grains Collection conferring RWA1 or RWA2 resistance comprise a diversified population which should
support introgression efforts and provide genetic diversity for future breeding for RWA resistance. 相似文献
15.
应用SRAP标记分析黑芝麻核心种质遗传多样性 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用SRAP分子标记技术对中国芝麻资源核心收集品中的黑芝麻种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,13对引物组合对100份黑芝麻核心种质共扩增出稳定清晰的条带182条,其中多态性条带126条,占69.2%,每对引物组合的条带数和多态性带数分别为14.0个和9.7个;供试材料间成对遗传相似系数介于0.469~0.986,平均为0.726,通过UPGMA法,在遗传相似系数为0.68处可将供试材料聚为5个类群,表明黑芝麻核心种质具有较丰富的遗传多样性,聚类结果与地理分布没有明显的关系;遗传多样性指数是南方黑芝麻核心种质(0.3557)＞中部种质(0.3415)＞北方种质(0.2986)。本研究结果较全面反映了中国保存的黑芝麻种质资源遗传多样性特点,为我国黑芝麻资源进一步考察收集和引进,以及优异黑芝麻基因资源挖掘和育种利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
16.
Fifteen amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) EcoRI/MseI‐based primer combinations with five selective bases (Eco RI‐ANN, MseI‐CN) were used to estimate genetic diversity among 45 line varieties of cultivated cornsalad and 19 genebank accessions classified into nine different species related to cornsalad. Polymorphic fragments were scored for calculation of Jaccard's coefficient of genetic similarity (GS). The average GS estimate in elite germplasm (GS = 0.90) was substantially higher than in exotic germplasm (GS = 0.47). UPGMA‐cluster analysis revealed genetic relationships among recently bred varieties, old varieties and genebank accessions. Analysis of molecular variance indicated almost threefold variability within sets compared with between sets due to a high level of polymorphism among wild species. Sources for increasing genetic diversity in elite germplasm of cornsalad were suggested and a duplicate among the genebank accessions was detected. AFLPs could be considered a powerful tool for genetic diversity estimation in cornsalad germplasm and are recommended for systematic fingerprinting of remaining cornsalad species. 相似文献
17.
应用SRAP与ISSR分析烟草种质资源遗传多样性及遗传演化关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用ISSR与SRAP两种分子标记,研究国内外96份烟草种质的遗传多样性及不同栽培类型种质的遗传演化关系。表明烟属种间具有丰富的遗传多样性,种间的遗传相似性(GS)在0.28~0.58之间,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.83。普通栽培种品种间遗传多样性水平较低,品种间的遗传相似性在0.61~0.99之间,栽培种内的遗传多样性为烤烟>晒晾烟>白肋烟>香料烟。当相似系数在0.67作切割线时,基于2种标记的96份烟草种质资源的聚类结果为,(1)普通烟草栽培品种材料91份聚在同一大类,而黄花烟、黏烟草、浅波烟草、哥西氏烟草、香甜烟草5个种也分别为单独的个类,同普通烟草栽培种类群完全区别开来;(2)从进化上看,烤烟和晒晾烟间的遗传进化关系最近,香料烟和黄花烟之间的亲缘关系较远;普通烟草栽培种中国内外来源的烟草品种亲缘关系极其相近,遗传分化现象甚微;(3)2种分子标记虽然原理不同,但分析结果趋势相近(r=0.68,P=1.000)。 相似文献
18.
19.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to develop genetic fingerprints and analyse genetic relationships among 29 Ipomoea accessions from different geographical locations around the world, including unique wild species, and reproducible profiles were obtained for all accessions using random decamer primers. The primers generated 46 polymorphic markers, one primer alone having 10 products, enabling the discrimination of all 29 accessions. A high level of genetic variability in sweet potato collections was suggested by the degree of polymorphism. Half of the Japanese land races were closely related while accessions from Papua New Guinea and The Philippines were distinct and exhibited the greatest genetic diversity. The wild species Ipomoea gracilis and Ipomoea tiliacea formed a group distinct from the cultivated sweet potato. The wild tetraploid accession K233 and the species Ipomoea trifida were progressively more related genetically to the cultivated sweet potato and are the probable progenitors of Ipomoea batatas, and may be suitable as germplasm for genetic enhancement. RAPDs proved to be useful for sweet potato systematics and should be valuable for germplasm management, gene tagging and efficient choice of parents in breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
San -San-Yi S. A. Jatoi T. Fujimura S. Yamanaka J. Watanabe K. N. Watanabe 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):189-196
We report the genetic diversity of tomato landraces from Myanmar, with reference to worldwide tomato accessions. Ten simple sequence repeat markers were screened and used to create diversity profiles of tomato germplasm. A total of 133 alleles were amplified from the germplasm investigated; alleles specific to landraces from Myanmar were also observed. Higher genetic diversity for the Myanmar landraces highlighted the broad genetic base of tomato germplasm. Principal component analysis showed that most of the Myanmar landraces were divergent from other accessions. The different approaches used to analyse landrace diversity documented the broader genetic base of germplasm from Myanmar, which is a non‐center of origin for tomato. Genetic diversity in the landraces may be attributable to diverse production systems used by different ethnic groups in Myanmar, ranging from natural hydroponics in eastern areas, to slash‐and‐burn fields in mountain areas and shifting cultivation in many parts of the country. The availability of uniform and high‐yielding cultivars/hybrids threatens the valuable landraces in Myanmar. We emphasize the need to evaluate tomato germplasm from Myanmar for different traits and sustainable use with simultaneous conservation. 相似文献