共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
花生植株白藜芦醇提取工艺优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了提高花生的综合利用价值,开发天然白藜芦醇新原料,对花生中的白藜芦醇提取工艺进行了研究。通过对花生叶、茎、根和壳中白藜芦醇含量的比较,选出含量最高的花生根为提取原料,并从5种提取方法中选出纤维素酶法作为花生根白藜芦醇的提取方法。通过单因素试验和正交试验对酶法提取花生根白藜芦醇酶解工艺进行了优化。结果表明:最佳的酶解条件为酶用量为1.6mg/g,酶解温度为45℃,酶解pH值为4.5,反应时间为60min,底物浓度为15%,在此条件下白藜芦醇的提取率是传统提取工艺的2倍。 相似文献
2.
为探明间作体系中光照条件对矮杆作物产量及根际微生物群落影响的因果关系,本研究依托江苏省农业科学院玉米/花生间作长期试验平台,通过带状间作行朝向设置低光(LL)与高光(HL)条件,利用同位素标记和高通量测序技术,研究不同光照条件下矮杆花生根际光合碳分泌对根际细菌群落结构及作物产量的影响。结果表明：①提高花生冠层光截获增加了花生根际光合碳分配；②光照条件差异引起了花生根际细菌群落结构及关键细菌类群变化；③高光照条件通过改变间作花生根际功能细菌群落提升花生产量。研究结果为优化间作种植管理措施,增加高矮作物间作体系产量提供了新思路。 相似文献
3.
为了探索不同品种花生油脂体的物理和化学性质差异,以5种（豫花23,豫花27,豫花9719,豫花9830和豫花9502）油脂含量不同的花生品种为原料,采用水剂法提取油脂体,并对提取后油脂体的粒径、ζ电位、氨基酸组成、蛋白质分子量分布进行分析比较。结果表明：提取后,5种花生油脂体粒径间存在一定差异,以豫花9719的粒径较大;花生油脂体均含有油脂体蛋白和贮藏蛋白,但不同品种间存在蛋白质种类的差异;5种花生油脂体在pH值为3.0时ζ电位为正值,在pH值为7.4和pH值为9.0时ζ电位为负值,盐浓度的增加会降低油脂体ζ电位的绝对值;5种花生油脂体的蛋白质均为极性带负电氨基酸质量分数均大于非极性带正电或不带电氨基酸,但氨基酸总量各不相同,以豫花27较低。该研究可为花生油脂体的品质特性研究和应用产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
4.
不同铁营养状况下间作小麦对花生吸收Cd的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用温室土壤盆栽实验,研究不同铁营养条件下间作小麦对2个品种花生吸收积累Cd的影响。结果表明,铁营养状况对白沙1016和花育20生物量的影响不显著。两品种花生根际土壤有效Cd含量在间作不缺铁时最高,分别为0.27,0.31mg/kg。单作时,白沙1016和花育20地上和根系Cd含量均高于间作处理,但差异不显著;而间作时,缺铁的白沙1016、花育20在根系Cd含量与不缺铁处理相比显著降低,分别减少了39.0%和34.3%。土壤铁营养对单作花生植株Cd迁移率影响较小;间作条件下,与不缺铁处理相比,土壤缺铁导致Cd的迁移率显著提高,白沙1016、花育20的Cd迁移率分别增加了1.1倍和0.6倍。间作时小麦根际Cd含量低于单作,并且在缺铁条件下,与花育20间作时小麦根系Cd含量最少为7.92mg/kg。单作时花生Cd的积累量均小于小麦;竞争吸收Cd的能力表现为白沙1016小麦花育20;缺铁间作模式下作物Cd的积累量最少。同时,小麦和花生间作模式可以减少2种作物对Cd的积累,从而可降低人类摄取重金属Cd的风险。 相似文献
5.
麦套花生氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大田条件下,以花生“花育22号”为材料,研究了麦套花生的氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化情况。结果表明,麦套花生根叶游离氨基酸、氮素平均含量及根系可溶性蛋白平均含量高于单作;而叶片可溶性蛋白平均含量则低于单作。与小麦共生期间,麦套花生根叶硝酸还原酶（NRase）活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性、叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性及谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）活性（除播后25 d）明显低于单作;整个生育期麦套花生根系GS平均活性及GPT活性高于单作花生。可见,花生苗期小麦遮荫对花生氮素代谢及酶活性有一定影响。 相似文献
6.
连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际微生物种群和 酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
花生连作导致土传病害易发,严重制约其产量和品质。为探讨持续施用有机肥缓解连作花生病害发生的防治机理,大田条件下研究了连续6年施用化肥、普通有机肥和生物有机肥(接种内生菌拟茎点霉B3)后对连作花生根腐病、根际土壤典型微生物种群和酶活的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,持续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥可有效控制连作花生土传病害发生,荚果产量提高23.8%和47.9%。连续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥均显著提高根际过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和酚氧化酶活性,荧光定量PCR进一步测定出连续施用有机肥可显著增加连作花生根际细菌和真菌的数量,说明连续施用有机肥后连作花生根际微生物活性显著提升。连续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥显著增加了连作花生根际有益微生物种群的数量,其中放线菌增加0.9倍和1.6倍,假单胞菌增加10.9倍和13.1倍,伯克氏菌增加2.6倍和1.9倍,芽孢杆菌增加1.1倍和2.1倍;然而连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际主要致病微生物种群(如镰刀菌属和青枯雷尔氏菌)无明显影响。表明通过持续施用有机肥可有效提高连作花生根际有益微生物种群的数量和土壤酶活性,进而改善连作花生根际微生态环境,增强连作土壤抑病能力,以达到控制连作花生土传病害易发的目的。 相似文献
7.
生物炭对镉胁迫下花生根系形态学特性及根镉含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验采用盆栽方式,在3种不同镉(Cd)污染土壤中分别施用4种用量生物炭(C),探讨生物炭对镉胁迫下花生根长、根直径、根体积、侧根数、根系生物量和根镉含量影响。研究结果表明,在花生同一生长时期,相同镉处理条件下,花生的各项根系指标随着生物炭施入量的加大而逐渐增加,且这种趋势随着生育时期的延长变得更明显。在C100、C150处理下,苗期花生的根直径、侧根数和根系生物量随着Cd浓度的增加呈现Cd1Cd10Cd0的趋势,表明生物炭的施入,增加了花生苗期的镉耐性;而花生结荚期,不同生物炭施入处理下,花生各形态学指标均呈现Cd0Cd1Cd10的趋势,显示出在花生生殖后期,前期低浓度镉产生的刺激作用逐渐消失,生物炭对镉胁迫的缓解作用与花生发育时期有关。花生根镉含量与生物炭施用量之间存在极显著负相关关系,相关系数范围在-0.988至-0.922之间。灰色关联度分析显示,在花生苗期和花针期,侧根数、根系生物量是影响根镉含量的主要因素。研究未发现过多的生物炭施入对作物根系形态学指标的抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
采用水培试验,研究了在两种供钾水平(K,0.5mmolL-1和5.0mmolL-1)条件下4个不同籽粒苋品种植株体内矿质营养元素的含量及其变化。同时,还在低钾条件下,测定了不同籽粒苋品种根、茎、叶中矿质营养成分的含量和构成情况,结果表明:(1)籽粒苋各品种氮、钾含量随着供钾水平降低而减少,一般基因型氮钾含量降幅大于富钾基因型;在相同供钾水平条件下,富钾基因型的氮钾含量均高于一般基因型,而相同基因型的不同品种间氮钾含量则相近。籽粒苋各品种氮主要分布在根和叶中,其次是茎;磷大量分布在根,其次是叶,再次是茎;钾主要存在于茎中,根和叶次之。(2)籽粒苋钙、镁、硫含量随着供钾水平的升高而降低,富钾基因型镁、硫含量低于一般基因型。籽粒苋不同品种的钙、镁主要分布在叶片中,其次是茎和根;硫在根中的分布最少,叶中最多。(3)不同品种B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素含量随着供钾水平的降低而升高,灰分含量则降低。富钾基因型B、Fe、Zn及灰分含量都高于一般基因型,而Cu的含量则是一般基因型高于富钾基因型。4个籽粒苋品种的硼、铜主要存在于叶片中,其次是根,茎含量相对前两者要小;铁、锰、锌在根的含量最高,叶片次之,茎最低,根系中铁的含量分别是叶和茎的7倍左右和10倍以上。 相似文献
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10.
为评估化肥配施有机肥对花生根际细菌群落的影响，田间试验条件下研究了不施肥(CK)、施化学氮磷钾肥(NPK)和化学氮磷钾肥+有机肥配施(NPKM)对花生根际细菌群落多样性、结构和共存网络的影响。结果表明：NPKM处理下花生根际土养分状况明显改善，特别是有效磷的含量，较CK和NPK处理分别提高了5.31倍～12.16倍和3.24倍～6.50倍；而NPK处理下花生根际土养分状况并没有明显提升；Source Tracker分析显示，NPKM处理下根际细菌群落中只有2.1%～5.5%的物种来源于有机肥自身，但其花生根际细菌群落多样性在生育期前期要明显高于CK和NPK处理，而CK和NPK处理下根际细菌群落多样性差异不大；限制性主成分分析(CAP)显示，施肥措施和生育期均对根际细菌群落结构产生了显著影响，NPKM处理下花生根际土中富集了属于根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、梭菌目(Clostridiales)和芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)这一类根际促生菌，根际细菌共存网络结构更加复杂，且网络中重要连接点的比例要也明显高于CK和NPK处理网络。可见，化肥配施有机肥有助于构建一个健康稳定的根际细... 相似文献
11.
Renata Miranda Lopes Dâmaris Silveira Marcos Aparecido Gimenes Paula Andreia S. Vasconcelos Rosa de Belem N. Alves Joseane Padilha Silva Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(8):2219-2226
Peanut is one of the few plants that synthesizes resveratrol, a phenolic compound of the stilbene class, which has been associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, pulmonary diseases, diabetes and neurological diseases. Resveratrol was detected in different parts of the peanut plant, including roots, leaves, seeds and their derivatives. The wild species of the Arachis section are also strong candidates to synthesize resveratrol because they are phylogenetically closely related to cultivated peanut. Our objective was to characterize the resveratrol content in ten wild species of Arachis with three different genomes (A, B and K). The plant material was composed of leaves of the ten species treated (test) and not treated (control) with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The test and control samples were extracted and the identification and quantification of resveratrol was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All species studied synthesized resveratrol and the concentrations ranged from 299.5 μg/g in A. kempff-mercadoi to 819.9 μg/g in A. cardenasii. DPPH antioxidant activity varied between 18.7 % for A. duranensis and 48.2 % in A. simpsonii. The results showed that wild Arachis species are a potential source of alleles for improvement of cultivated peanut, with the aim of achieving higher resveratrol content in leaves. 相似文献
12.
为了降低花生挖掘收获、摘果、脱壳作业,特别是花生联合收获中的掉果率、破碎率,该文利用CTM-4503型万能材料试验机及相关测试设备,对花生收获期前后近一个月(28 d)花生的秸秆、根茎节点、果根节点、果壳结合处分别做了拉伸与剪切力学性能试验与分析.通过试验,得到了花生的秸秆、根茎节点、果根节点、果壳结合处最大许用抗拉与抗剪应力;经力学性能理论分析,确定了花生最佳收获期(以鲁花14为例,最佳收获期为播种后的(122±1) d),给出了现行的花生联合收获采用的夹持收获中最大许用夹持力(49.71 N)和最大许用拉力(70.84 N);通过试验分析得出花生挖掘收获中主要机械损失为根茎节点断裂(95.7%),并根据农业部发布的花生收获机作业质量行业标准所给出的作业质量指标,给出了在花生挖掘收获时的最大拉力(9.51 N);通过花生果结合处的剪切试验,给出了不同时期花生果结合处最大抗剪强度.这为花生收获、摘果、脱壳装置,特别是联合收获装置的研制与优化设计提供了参考. 相似文献
13.
波尔多液营养保护剂对石灰性土壤铜、铁有效性及花生产量的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
选用山东省花生主产区的代表性石灰性土壤，通过土培试验的方法，研究了波尔多液营养保护剂BNPP和美国铜基杀菌剂Koeide两种可湿性粉剂对石灰性土壤pH值和铜、铁有效性及其对花生产量的影响。结果表明，与CK（喷清水）相比，喷施BNPP后，土壤pH值有所降低，而土壤有效铁、铜含量都有所提高。同时喷施BNPP后土壤有效铜含量要低于Kocide处理。另外．BNPP处理花生叶绿紊、活性铁、全铁含量以及生物量都有显著提高，产量比CK提高了1．25～1．53倍。波尔多液营养保护剂效果要优于美国Kocide产品。 相似文献
14.
Comparative characterization of peanuts grown by aquatic floating cultivation and field cultivation for seed and resveratrol production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Liu CD Wen YY Chiou JM Wang KH Chiou RY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(6):1582-1585
Peanut pods (Tainan 12, a Spanish cultivar, Arachis hypogaea L.) have been obtained from peanuts grown in a newly developed aquatic floating cultivation system without artificial aeration or periodic renewal of the solution. The system provided a convenient status for examination of root and pod development. Compared to field-grown peanuts of the same cultivar, the aquatic-cultivated peanut pods and seeds were smaller, whereas seed/pod weight ratios, crude fat and protein contents, and SDS-PAGE protein patterns varied within similar ranges. During cultivation, the highest detected temperature of the aquatic solution was higher than the field-soil temperature. After gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid compositions, the oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio of the aquatic-cultivated seeds was higher than that of field-cultivated ones. When the peanut roots were collected, cleaned, dried, weighed, pulverized, and subjected to resveratrol analysis, dry root weights were 4.2 +/- 0.1 and 2.2 +/- 1.1 g/plant and resveratrol contents were 0.074 +/- 0.009 and 0.114 +/- 0.212 mg/g for the aquatic- and field-cultivated peanut roots, respectively. This indicates that the aquatic-cultivated peanut roots could be a potent and consistent source of resveratrol. 相似文献
15.
Peanut roots as a source of resveratrol 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A potent antioxidant, resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), was extracted using 80% methanol from peanut roots (Arachis hypogaea L.), isolated with a solid-phase extraction column, purified by a semipreparative HPLC, and identified with 1H NMR and MS. The highest and lowest resveratrol contents in the peanut roots of 2000 fall and 2001 spring crops were 1.330 and 0.130 mg/g and 0.063 and 0.015 mg/g, respectively. When the dehydrated peanut root powders of spring and fall crops were combined and cooked with pork-fat patties (1%, w/w) and the separated oils were stored at 60 degrees C for conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CDHP) determination, CDHP contents of the control oils increased after 3 days of storage, whereas the contents in the peanut root-treated oils of spring and fall crops did not increase after 9 and 15 days of storage, respectively. It is of merit to find that peanut roots, usually left in the field as agricultural waste, contain resveratrol and bear potent antioxidative activity. 相似文献
16.
连作对花生根系分泌物化感作用的影响 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
采用连续收集法提取连作5 年、3 年和轮作处理的花生结荚期根系分泌物, 研究其对土壤微生物及花生种子发芽、幼苗生长发育和细胞膜过氧化的化感作用及连作对花生根系分泌物化感作用的影响。结果表明,花生结荚期根系分泌物对花生根腐镰刀菌36194 菌丝的生长、叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量存在促进作用, 对固氮菌14046 的生长, 花生种子胚根的伸长、幼苗的苗高、茎叶鲜重、根系鲜重、叶片叶绿素含量等有抑制作用, 促进和抑制作用均随根系分泌物添加浓度和连作年限的增加呈增强趋势。连作花生结荚期根系分泌物化感物质在土壤中的累积, 很可能是导致花生连作障碍的原因之一。 相似文献
17.
不同供N水平对花生硝酸盐累积与分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同供氮水平对花生植株硝酸盐累积、分布及产量的影响。结果表明,花生荚果产量随施氮量的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势,当施用量为N.150.9.kg/hm2时产量最高;植株硝酸盐含量、累积量和累积速率基本随施氮量的增加而提高。同一氮素水平,不同器官的硝酸盐含量因生育期不同存在较大差异,幼苗和花针期茎中的含量最高,饱果成熟期地下器官的含量明显高于地上器官;全生育期叶片和茎中的硝酸盐含量随生育进程逐步降低,而子仁和果壳中含量逐步增加;收获时硝酸盐在茎中的分配比例随施氮量的增加而提高,在根中的分配比例下降。在一定的氮素水平内(N135.kg/hm2),硝酸盐在子仁中的分配比例与供氮水平一致,但过量施氮会导致在营养体中的比例上升,子仁中的比例下降,其它器官规律不明显。在本试验范围内,子仁及其它器官中的硝酸盐含量均未超出WHO和FAO制定的标准,未造成硝酸盐污染;但过量施氮能够显著提高花生荚果和耕层土壤硝酸盐含量。因此,综合考虑花生品质、单位肥料的增产量以及生态效应,花生适宜的施氮量为N.90.kg/hm2。 相似文献
18.
A modified high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of trans-resveratrol (resveratrol) in peanuts and peanut products has been developed. Resveratrol was extracted with acetonitrile-water (90/10, v/v) by blending with diatomaceous earth at high speed followed by purification of an aliquot of the extract on a minicolumn packed with Al(2)O(3)-ODS (C(18)) mixture. The column was eluted with acetonitrile-water (90/10, v/v), eluate was evaporated under nitrogen, and residue was dissolved in HPLC mobile phase. Resveratrol in an aliquot of purified extract was quantitated by HPLC on silica gel with n-hexane-2-propanol-water-acetonitrile-acetic acid (1050/270/17/5/1, v/v) as a mobile phase. The recovery of resveratrol added to diatomaceous earth at 0.05 microg/g was 98.95 +/- 17.79%; the recovery of the standard added to fresh peanuts (with 0.070 microg/g natural level of resveratrol) at 0.50, 5.00, and 10.00 microg/g was 117.23 +/- 8.87, 100.10 +/- 2.49, and 100.45 +/- 1.51%, respectively. The quantitation limit of resveratrol in fresh peanuts was about 0. 01 microg/g. Roasted peanuts had the lowest content of resveratrol of 0.055 +/- 0.023 microg/g (n = 21), while in peanut butter its concentration was significantly higher, 0.324 +/- 0.129 microg/g (n = 46), and boiled peanuts had the highest level of 5.138 +/- 2.849 microg/g (n = 12). Resveratrol content in commercial peanut products was similar to the resveratrol content of the raw peanut fractions routinely used for making them. 相似文献
19.
Chukwumah Y Walker L Vogler B Verghese M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12323-12329
Previous studies on the transport and absorption of resveratrol (3,5,4-O-trihydroxystilbene) were done using the pure compound. In this study, the absorption of resveratrol in digested peanut micellar from boiled and roasted peanuts was investigated using a human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer. The amount transported and rate of transport of both resveratrol glycosides and its hydrolytic product were quantified by a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometric detection. Four peaks were identified in the digested peanut micellar of both boiled and roasted peanuts: two resveratrol glycosides, one resveratrol diglycoside, and possibly an acylated resveratrol glycoside. Resveratrol from roasted peanut micellar had a higher transport rate than those from the boiled peanut. This implies that resveratrol from roasted peanut is better absorbed than from boiled peanut. Also, the rate of transport and amount of resveratrol transported were higher for the hydrolytic product than the nonhydrolyzed glycosides. This has strong implications for in vivo absorption as the enzymatic activity of gut microflora could enhance the bioavailability of β-glycosides of dietary polyphenols. 相似文献