共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
土壤质地对地下滴灌灌水器水力要素的影 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究不同质地土壤中灌水器水力要素的变化规律及其差异,选取灌水器工作压力、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率为因素,分别在粘土、壤土和砂土中采用混合水平均匀设计安排试验.试验结果表明,不同土壤中的灌水器出流规律一致:即当工作压力不变时,灌水器流量在灌水初期略大,而后减小并趋于恒定,这个变化过程仅1～2min;在相同压力下,地下滴灌灌水器流量比地表滴灌小5%～20%,压力越大,二者越接近;灌水器流量随工作压力的增加而增大;土壤因素对灌水器流量有微弱的制约作用,使流量减小.相同条件下,土壤质地越轻,灌水器流量越大;但随着土壤容重和土壤初始含水率的增加,土壤质地越轻,流量减小程度越大. 相似文献
2.
基于分形理论的地下滴灌灌水器水力特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究滴头工作压力和土壤物理特性对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响,采用分形理论分析各种级配土壤的分形特征;以土壤颗粒质量分形维数、灌水器工作压力、土壤容积密度、土壤初始含水率为试验因素,运用混合水平均匀设计方法进行试验。结果表明,粘粒含量大小是土壤分形维数的主要影响因素,土壤分形维数随着粘粒含量的增加而增大;PLASSIM公司地下滴灌灌水器流量随土壤分形维数的增大而减小,即土壤质地越细地下滴灌滴头流量就越小;通过试验所建立的包含有土壤分形维数因素的地下滴灌灌水器流量计算经验公式的普适性较高。 相似文献
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考虑初始含水率沿程不均匀分布的畦灌技术要素调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
畦田土壤初始含水率是影响灌水质量的重要因素之一,由降雨产流导致的畦田土壤含水率沿程不均匀分布是华北平原农田常见的现象。为探究土壤初始含水率空间变异性对畦灌水流运动以及灌水质量的影响,本文开展一维土柱入渗试验与二维土槽灌溉试验,结合WinSRFR地面灌溉模拟模型,优化求解初始含水率沿程不均匀条件下的畦灌技术要素。结果表明：畦田土壤初始含水率沿程增幅越大,畦灌田面水流推进速度越快,田面水流消退速度越慢;相较于初始含水率均匀分布,畦田土壤初始含水率沿程不均匀分布条件下,灌水效率和灌水均匀度有所下降,储水效率无明显变化;当畦田土壤初始含水率沿程增加时,灌水效率和储水效率受畦田长度、入畦单宽流量及改水成数的影响,而灌后土壤水分均匀度仅受畦田长度和单宽流量的影响;当畦田土壤初始含水率沿程由0.189 0 m3/m3均匀增大至0.464 3 m3/m3时,畦田长度L为85 m、改水成数G为6、单宽流量q为7.0 L/(m·s)时可取得最优灌水质量。本研究结果可为降雨产流带来的畦田土壤初始含水率不均匀条件下的灌水技... 相似文献
6.
为合理设计温室内低压节水灌溉系统,探讨低压重力渗灌时的渗灌特性,设置以土壤初始含水量、土壤初始容重、供水高度和渗灌管埋深为主要调控因子,通过试验模拟分析低压重力灌溉条件下渗灌管的渗流规律及土壤水分的入渗特性。试验结果表明：渗灌管出流量与时间符合幂函数,渗水速率与时间符合三次方程;渗灌条件不同,灌后土壤湿润区以及湿润区土壤含水量的分布显著不同;渗灌湿润区水分分布受供水高度、土壤初始含水量、土壤初始容重及渗灌管埋深等因素的影响;通过显著性分析,4个单因素对渗灌管出流量影响程度由大到小依次为供水高度、土壤初始含水量、土壤初始容重及渗灌管埋深,且除埋管深度外,其他三因素交互作用显著。 相似文献
7.
滴头流量对风沙土滴灌湿润锋运移影响的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《节水灌溉》2018,(11)
为了在风沙土地区更为合理的利用滴灌技术,通过室内试验模拟了单点源和双点源滴灌条件下风沙土土壤水分运移过程,研究了不同滴头流量下土壤湿润锋时空动态分布规律。结果表明灌水时间相同时,滴头流量越大,湿润锋运移距离越大;灌水量相同时,滴头流量增大对湿润锋水平运移距离影响较小,但可增大垂直方向运移距离。大流量滴头增大了湿润锋初始运移速度,随着灌水时间的增加,湿润锋运移速度迅速减小并趋于稳定,且不同流量处理之间差异较小。双点源滴灌时,入渗交汇前水分运动规律与单点源入渗规律相同;滴头流量越大,湿润体交汇时间越短,交汇处湿润锋运动速度越快;但滴头正下方含水量高,土壤含水量径向变化较大,增加了土壤含水量空间分布的不均匀性。 相似文献
8.
灌水器是渗灌系统的重要组成部分。针对硅藻土微孔陶瓷灌水器,测试了其在干燥状态和浸泡饱水状态下的压力流量特征;将渭河天然泥沙经140目筛子筛分(d≤300μm)后,配置成3种含沙量的浑水,对灌水器进行短周期灌水试验;用0.75 g/L的浑水进行灌水方法试验和灌水器浸泡饱水后灌水试验。结果表明,硅藻土微孔陶瓷灌水器压力与流量呈对数函数关系,随着压力增大,额定流量增大;清水灌溉时,随灌水次数增加,流量小幅度下降。灌水24次时,流量下降幅度约为10%;浑水试验时,流量除受灌水次数影响外,还受泥沙量的影响:相同灌水次数,含沙量增大时,流量下降幅度较大;浸泡处理减小了灌水器初始流量,减缓流量下降幅度。微观形貌进一步显示微孔陶瓷孔径在10~80μm范围内,因此含沙水灌溉严重影响灌水器使用效果。 相似文献
9.
为探明影响微润管流量的主要因素,确定微润管压力与流量关系,通过田间试验,研究不同土壤初始质量含水率(13.83%、15.49%、16.27%、17.72%)和不同土壤容重(1.18、1.21、1.24、1.26 g/cm~3)条件下不同压力水头(0、0.1、0.3、0.7、1.1、2.1 m)对微润管流量的影响。结果表明:微润管流量随土壤质量含水率变化有一定的自我调节作用,但微润管流量受土壤质量含水率变化影响较小,自我调节时间约为44 h。随着灌水时间增加,微润管流量呈先快速增加再减小后趋于稳定平缓的趋势,灌水后约48 h趋于稳定状态。工作压力、土壤容重和初始质量含水率均对微润管流量有显著影响,在一定工作压力范围内(0~2.1 m水头),压力与流量呈显著性线性关系(P0.05),模型决定系数R~2大于0.85,随土壤初始质量含水率与容重增加,微润管流量呈减小趋势,微润管流量变化对工作压力的敏感度逐渐下降;在压力与流量线性回归模型中微润管的流量系数和压力为零的流量b均非单纯由产品自身特性决定,土壤初始质量含水率和容重与流量系数呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),容重与压力为零的流量均存在显著负相关关系(P0.05),可用土壤初始质量含水率和容重确定流量系数和压力为零时的流量值,最终实现微润灌出流预报。通过灰色关联分析发现,压力是影响微润管流量的最主要因素,土壤容重次之,土壤初始质量含水率对微润管流量影响最小。 相似文献
10.
不同滴灌条件下土壤水分分布与运移规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对相同规格的滴灌带在不同土壤含水量、不同滴灌方式和不同灌水量条件下灌水,研究水分在土壤中的下渗分布规律。结果表明,单管滴灌条件下,水分在不同含水量土壤中湿润体均呈坛状;双管滴灌条件下,水分在不同含水量土壤中湿润体依灌水量大小而异,灌水量较小时呈并放双碗状,随灌水量增大,湿润体逐渐呈坛状。不同滴灌方式下灌水,满足植物根系需要的灌水量不同,单双管滴灌灌水量分别为300 m3/hm2和450 m3/hm2时即可满足植物根系对水分的需求。单双滴在相同灌水量条件下,土壤表层湿润半径大小变化因土壤含水量不同而不同,土壤垂直湿润深度随灌水量增大而增加;在相同灌水量条件下,滴灌方式和初始土壤含水量对土壤水分湿润圈大小有很大影响。 相似文献
11.
R. Subbaiah 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):225-258
Designing drip irrigation systems involve selection of an appropriate combination of emitter discharge rate and spacing between emitters for any given set of soil, crop, and climatic conditions, as well as understanding the wetted zone pattern around the emitter. The exact shape of the wetted volume and moisture distribution will depend on many factors, including soil hydraulic characteristics, initial conditions, emitter discharge rate, application frequency, root characteristics, evaporation, and transpiration. Multi-dimensional nature of water flow, plant uptake and high frequency of water application increase the complexity in modelling soil moisture dynamics from trickle irrigation. Researchers used analytical methods, semi-analytical methods and numerical methods to Richards’ equation using certain boundary conditions to model the infiltration from point source irrigation for use in design, install, and manage of drip irrigation systems due to their merits over direct measurements. Others developed models based on Green-Ampt equation, empirical models using regression techniques/dimensional analysis techniques/moment approach techniques/artificial neural networks on this topic to describe infiltration from a point/line sources. A review on these models developed under each category is presented in this study. Other knowledge gaps identified include (a) effect of variations in initial moisture content and packing conditions, (b) precision in observing the wetting front and soil–water content, (c) validity of soil surface boundary conditions, (d) effect of crop root architecture and its withdrawal pattern for different input parameters, (e) effects of gravitational gradients, (f) stratification in the soils, and (g) impact of soil hysteresis. The review promotes better understanding of the soil water dynamics under point source trickle emitters and helps to identify topics for more emphasis in future modelling activity. 相似文献
12.
To examine the working principle of vertical tube irrigation, variations in vertical tube emitter discharge and their causes were analyzed in the laboratory experiment. The effects of the pressure head, initial soil water content, and tube diameter on the emitter discharge of the vertical tube were studied. The quantitative relationship between the time and cumulative infiltration and emitter discharge of the vertical tube was obtained, and R2 was more than 0.98. Emitter discharge exhibits a positive and negative correlation with the pressure head and soil water content, respectively. Tube diameter has a nonsignificant effect on the emitter discharge. Changes in the soil water content around the emitter water outlet are the main causes of emitter discharge variations. In the experiments, the range of vertical tube emitter discharge was 0.056-1.102 L/h. The emitter of vertical tube irrigation automatically adjusts the soil water content and maintains the root zone soil water content within an appropriate range, thus achieving continuous irrigation, in order to achieve the effect of water-saving. 相似文献
13.
Eshel Bresler 《Irrigation Science》1978,1(1):3-17
Summary Designing trickle irrigation systems involves the selection of a proper combination of trickle discharge rate, spacing between emitters, diameter and length of the lateral system for any given set of soil, crop and climatic conditions. Trickle irrigation is treated as transient and steady axisymmetric infiltration processes. An existing numerical solution to nonsteady state infiltration is used to quantify the effect of soil hydraulic properties and trickle discharge rates on emitter spacing (Fig. 2). The results of the analysis suggest the possibility of controlling the wetted volume of a soil by regulating the emitter discharge according to soil properties (Figs. 3 and 4). The surface distribution of a transformed soil water content (or pressure) function (Fig. 5) is derived from a linearized solution to steady infiltration. The analysis of steady and non-steady infiltration is employed to estimate the spacing between emitters as a function of discharge and water pressure conditions between emitters using hydraulic soil data (Fig. 6). Hydraulic conductivity parameters are given for 17 different soils (Table 1) to be used for design purposes. Theoretical analysis of soil water is combined with hydraulic principles to derive lateral diameter and length for engineering design requirements.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1977 Series, No. 134-E 相似文献
14.
多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运移模拟试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了指导密植作物的滴灌系统合理设计,通过室内物理试验模拟了多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运移过程,重点研究了不同滴头流量下交汇湿润体内的土壤水分时空动态分布规律．多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运动遵循先点源入渗、再湿润锋交汇和最后形成湿润带的规律．灌水结束时,土壤水分分布呈现湿润体上部复杂、下部相对简单的特征．湿润体上部,在滴头下方存在土壤含水率相对较高的区域,2个滴头之间近地表处存在土壤含水率相对较低的区域;湿润体下部同一深度土层上的含水率有趋于一致的趋势．灌水结束后,由于土壤水分再分布,同一深度土层上含水率差异逐渐减小．灌水量相同条件下,灌水结束时,滴头流量小的入渗深度较大,湿润体内土壤平均含水率较低;灌水结束后,受土壤水分再分配的作用,不同滴头流量下入渗深度的差异较灌水结束时有所减小． 相似文献
15.
Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Emitter discharge of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) decreases as a result of the overpressure in the soil water at the discharge
orifice. In this paper, the variation in dripper discharge in SDI laterals is studied. First, the emitter coefficient of flow
variation CV
q
was measured in laboratory experiments with drippers of 2 and 4 L/h that were laid both on the soil and beneath it. Additionally,
the soil pressure coefficient of variation CV
hs
was measured in buried emitters. Then, the irrigation uniformity was simulated in SDI and surface irrigation laterals under
the same operating conditions and uniform soils; sandy and loamy. CV
q
was similar for the compensating models of both the surface and subsurface emitters. However, CV
q
decreased for the 2-L/h non-compensating model in the loamy soil. This shows a possible self-regulation of non-compensating
emitter discharge in SDI, due to the interaction between effects of emitter discharge and soil pressure. This resulted in
the irrigation uniformity of SDI non-compensating emitters to be greater than surface drip irrigation. The uniformity with
pressure-compensating emitters would be similar in both cases, provided the overpressures in SDI are less than or equal to
the compensation range lower limit. 相似文献
16.
掌握土壤水分入渗规律对于合理制定灌溉方案、设置灌溉参数和改进灌溉技术有重要意义。为探究微润灌溉条件下土壤水分入渗规律，利用HYDRUS-3D有限元模型对微润灌溉下土壤水分入渗进行了数值模拟，讨论了初始压力水头和土壤质地对土壤水分入渗的影响。数值模拟结果显示：在土壤水分入渗的垂直剖面上湿润体以微润管为中心呈同心圆状向外扩散，扩散速率与初始压力水头呈正相关。模拟试验周期为36h，分3个时间段进行土壤水分扩散速率的计算，0~5h内土壤水分平均入渗速率为1.85cm/h，6~15h内的平均入渗速率为0.79cm/h，16~36h内的平均水分入渗速率为0.59cm/h。土壤含水率最大值出现在微润管周围，向外围呈减小趋势。相同时间内土壤湿润峰运移距离随初始压力水头的增大而增大，微润灌溉下水分入渗速率在3种质地的土壤（砂壤土、壤土、粘壤土）中依次增大，并测得在压力水头为-180cm时整个模拟周期中3种质地土壤的平均水分扩散速率分别为：0.69、0.53、0.46cm/h。研究表明，土壤含水率和水分扩散速率随压力水头的增大而增大，随土壤黏粒含量的增大而减小。 相似文献
17.
Assessment of emitter discharge in microirrigation system as affected by polluted water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bouya Ahmed Ould Ahmed Tahei Yamamoto Hideyasu Fujiyama Koichi Miyamoto 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(2):97-107
A drip irrigation system has the advantage of maintaining high water content near the plant root. However, its performance
depends on water quality as it may induce the emitter clogging. In the Tohaku National Irrigation Project, in western Japan,
mist spray emitters are widely used for irrigation in the field and greenhouses for vegetable and orchard crops. Seven emitters
of different types were evaluated for the variation in their discharge rate without filter. The statistical analysis of mean
discharge ratio and the coefficient of variation of the performance of emitters along a lateral line in the field indicated
that the mist spray emitters had the best performance for irrigation in Tohaku area, particularly the new emitters or 1-year
old emitters. The results suggest that after using the emitter line for two irrigation seasons it should either be replaced
in the third season or washed carefully if further used. 相似文献
18.
Claire M. Cote Keith L. Bristow Philip B. Charlesworth Freeman J. Cook Peter J. Thorburn 《Irrigation Science》2003,22(3-4):143-156
The increased use of trickle or drip irrigation is seen as one way of helping to improve the sustainability of irrigation systems around the world. However, soil water and solute transport properties and soil profile characteristics are often not adequately incorporated in the design and management of trickle systems. In this paper, we describe results of a simulation study designed to highlight the impacts of soil properties on water and solute transport from buried trickle emitters. The analysis addresses the influence of soil hydraulic properties, soil layering, trickle discharge rate, irrigation frequency, and timing of nutrient application on wetting patterns and solute distribution. We show that (1) trickle irrigation can improve plant water availability in medium and low permeability fine-textured soils, providing that design and management are adapted to account for their soil hydraulic properties, (2) in highly permeable coarse-textured soils, water and nutrients move quickly downwards from the emitter, making it difficult to wet the near surface zone if emitters are buried too deep, and (3) changing the fertigation strategy for highly permeable coarse-textured soils to apply nutrients at the beginning of an irrigation cycle can maintain larger amounts of nutrient near to and above the emitter, thereby making them less susceptible to leaching losses. The results demonstrate the need to account for differences in soil hydraulic properties and solute transport when designing irrigation and fertigation management strategies. Failure to do this will result in inefficient systems and lost opportunities for reducing the negative environmental impacts of irrigation.Communicated by J. Annandale 相似文献