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1.
[目的] 研究结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性作用,对健康大鼠的利尿作用,以及对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的调节作用。[方法] 取ICR小鼠40只,雌、雄各半,随机分为对照组与给药组,每组20只,观察结石通片给药前后小鼠的体重变化和死亡情况;另取SD大鼠36只,雌、雄各半,分为对照组、低剂量组（给予5%结石通片溶液）和高剂量组（给予10%结石通片溶液）,统计各组大鼠24 h排尿量;并采用42只雄性SD大鼠,考查结石通片对给予乙二酰胺（2%掺喂）后大鼠体重、肾重和肾重比的影响。[结果] 给予结石通片溶液后,连续观察7 d,小鼠的各项生理活动未见明显异常,给药组与对照组相比体重差异不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组比较,给予结石通片溶液后大鼠24 h内排尿量明显增加（P<0.01）;与对照组比较,给药组随着给药剂量的增加,结晶和结石的数量极显著（P<0.01或P<0.001）减少,形成结石的动物数量极显著（P<0.01或P<0.001）减少。[结论] 结石通片对小鼠无明显急性毒性作用,对大鼠利尿作用明显,并对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石具有明显抑制作用。 相似文献
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探讨夏枯草对草酸结石小鼠的钙代谢及肾脏组织结构的影响。用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导结石,用夏枯草干预,第28天,测定血清中钙和磷含量,测定肝脏、右侧肾脏和脑组织匀浆中的钙含量,左肾用于制作HE染色切片。结果表明,结石组肾钙显著高于对照组(P0.05),而夏枯草组肾钙显著低于结石组(P0.05),与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。各组的血清、肝、脑组织匀浆中钙含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。结石组的肾小管腔中分布大量散在的透明草酸钙晶体,夏枯草组肾组织未见草酸钙晶体沉积,且肾小管扩张情况明显缓解。夏枯草可减少草酸结石小鼠的肾钙含量,减缓肾小管的扩张,保护肾小管上皮细胞组织结构,可做为防治草酸结石的辅助药物。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(7):1334-1342
通过评价常山口服液的安全性,为临床安全用药提供试验依据。在小鼠急性毒性试验基础上,进行常山口服液对大鼠的亚急性毒性试验研究,通过病理组织学观察其毒性损伤的主要靶器官。取100只Wister大鼠随机分成4个给药组和1个空白对照组,给药组按照1.20,0.60,0.30,0.15g/kg剂量,连续灌胃给药30d,所有大鼠于给药后分3次(10,20,30d)扑杀,观察测定其临床症状、体质量、采食量、脏器系数、血常规、血液生化、病理及组织学等指标。结果显示:常山口服液可显著降低特高、高及中剂量组的平均日采食量和饲料利用率,降低特高剂量组平均日增重(P<0.01),但对大鼠体质量的增加及生长发育无抵制作用;随着药物剂量的增加和给药时间的延长,常山口服液会对各剂量组的凝血系统指标造成一定影响,与给药剂量无显著相关性,推测无明显毒性反应;常山口服液对大鼠主要脏器的总体损伤程度为特高剂量组>高剂量组>中剂量组>低剂量组>空白组,高剂量组常山口服液的脏器质量及相对质量与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);组织病理学检查发现,特高、高剂量组大鼠脏器出现不同程度的肿大、淤血、变性和坏死,中、低剂量组的病变程度在给药10,20d时较对照组差异不大,至30d时毒性损伤以肝、肾、脾的组织病理变化较为明显。结果表明:常山口服液高剂量、长期给药,其毒性损伤的靶器官主要为肝脏、肾脏和脾脏,呈现"时-毒"和"量-毒"关系。在临床合理剂量及合理用药的条件下,其毒性总体较低,用药安全性较高。 相似文献
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研究五皮口服液的利尿作用,通过给水负荷模型小鼠灌服不同剂量的五皮口服液,观察给药后的排尿量,以评价五皮口服液的利尿效果。给药后4 h内,与阴性对照组排尿量1.18 g±0.42 g比较,五皮口服液高、中剂量组(13.5 g生药/kg、6.75 g生药/kg体重)排尿量分别为1.78 g±0.42 g、1.73 g±0.60 g,均极显著增加(P<0.01),低剂量组(3.375 g生药/kg体重)的排尿量为1.34 g±0.91 g,显著增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,五皮口服液具有显著利尿作用。 相似文献
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桑椹素对老龄小鼠肾阳虚症状的疗效试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为进一步开发桑椹的药用保健功能,研究了桑椹素对老龄肾阳虚小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,并对其机制进行了探讨。将雄性老龄小鼠随机分为正常组和模型组,桑椹素低、中、高剂量组(0.1、0.2、0.4 g/kg)和补肾填精丸组(0.35 g/kg),测定小鼠血清、肾脏一氧化氮(NO)含量变化,观察小鼠肾脏组织结构病理变化。结果表明,模型小鼠以0.2、0.4 g/kg剂量桑椹素灌胃可明显改善肾阳虚症状,显著提高血清、肾脏NO含量,减轻氢化可的松引起的肾脏损害。其作用机制之一可能是通过提高肾脏NO的合成,增加肾血流量和肾小球滤过率,从而减轻对肾脏的损害。 相似文献
6.
40只21日龄SPF雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组,三聚氰胺(MA)和三聚氰酸(CA)按1∶1比例混合染毒,分别给予低剂量(0.6 mg.kg-1)、中剂量(3 mg.kg-1)和高剂量(15 mg.kg-1),连续30 d灌胃,玉米油作溶剂,对照组灌胃等量的溶剂玉米油。最后一次染毒后24 h,眼静脉采集小鼠血液,无痛处死小鼠。分离小鼠血清,测定血清肌酐(Cr)及尿素氮(BUN)含量,对肾脏组织进行光镜和电镜观察。肾脏功能指标测定结果表明:与对照组相比,中、高剂量组小鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);HE及PAS法观察结果显示:低、中剂量组小鼠肾脏肾小管管腔轻微扩张,中剂量组小鼠肾脏局部出现溶解的结晶,高剂量组小鼠肾脏肾小管中出现晶体,肾小管管腔极度扩张,小管上皮细胞扁平化,刷状缘破损,间质不同程度炎性细胞浸润,纤维结缔组织增生等病理改变。 相似文献
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探讨牛磺酸对高尿酸血症大鼠抗氧化指标和炎症因子水平的影响。将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高尿酸模型组、10g/L牛磺酸组、20g/L牛磺酸组和20g/L牛磺酸对照组,每组8只。牛磺酸组大鼠造模前预防饮用7d,正常对照组和模型组大鼠正常饮水。然后,除正常对照组和20g/L牛磺酸对照组之外,其他3组灌胃造模,连续10d。10d后检测血液中尿酸、XOD、抗氧化指标和炎症因子水平。给予牛磺酸的高尿酸血症大鼠与高尿酸血症大鼠相比,血清尿酸水平与XOD活力显著降低(P0.05);MDA含量极显著降低(P0.01);GSH-PX与SOD含量显著升高(P0.05);IL-1β、IL-6β、TNF-α和TGF-β含量显著降低(P0.05)。说明牛磺酸可提高高尿酸血症大鼠抗氧化能力,抑制炎性反应,对肾脏有一定保护作用。 相似文献
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依据中兽医学对痛风"清热利湿、利尿通淋、排石消肿"的辨证防治原则组拟的积雪车前口服液,为确定其临床疗程和最佳剂量,选取海兰灰蛋鸡100只(40日龄),随机分成5组,每组20只。A组为健康对照组,始终饲喂基础饲料,饮用自来水。B组～E组始终饲喂高钙高蛋白饲料制作鸡痛风模型,其中B组为模型对照组,饮用自来水;C组～E组分别为积雪车前口服液低、中、高剂量治疗组,模型制作成功后,分别在每升饮水中添加1、2、4mL积雪车前口服液,连用7d。结果表明,用药第3天时症状明显减轻,C组、E组血清尿酸含量小于480μmol/L已降到高尿酸血症水平以下,病情有所好转;E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性与A组差异不显著(P>0.05);D组、E组血清肌酐含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),C组显著高于A组;与B组相比,C组～E组均极显著降低(P<0.01);C组、D组、E组血清磷含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),与B组相比,E组血清磷含量显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗第7天时,C组～E组血清尿酸含量极显著低于B组(P<0.01);E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著低于B组(P<0.05),与A组差异不显著(P>0.05)。积雪车前口服液对鸡高尿酸血症有一定的治疗作用,综合各项指标,其中E组(积雪车前口服液,高剂量组)治疗效果最为显著。 相似文献
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为研究猫须草叶提取物(OS)对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肾损伤的调控作用,选择60只雄性小鼠,随机分为对照组(基础饲料)、模型组(高脂饲料)、高剂量组(高脂饲料+500mg/kgOS)、中剂量组(高脂饲料+100 mg/kg OS)和低剂量组(高脂饲料+50 mg/kg OS),每组12只。8周试验期结束后,检测小鼠的肾脏指数,血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量,以及小鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。通过HE染色观察小鼠肾脏病理学改变。结果表明:与模型组相比,高剂量组小鼠肾小体和肾小管结构更为规则、清晰,肾脏指数显著下降(P0.05),肾脏损伤明显减轻。血清中TG、TC、LDL-C含量显著降低,HDL-C含量显著升高(P0.05)。肾组织匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px活性显著升高,MDA含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此看出,高剂量(500 mg/kg)OS能够较好地降低高脂饮食造成的小鼠肾损伤,这与高剂量OS明显降低了小鼠体内高血脂和氧化应激水平有很大关系,为猫须草副产物动物饲料添加剂的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献