共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
MacLachlan MJ Ginzburg M Coombs N Coyle TW Raju NP Greedan JE Ozin GA Manners I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5457):1460-1463
A shaped, magnetic ceramic was obtained from a metal-containing polymer network, which was synthesized by thermal polymerization of a metal-containing organosilicon monomer. Pyrolysis of a cylinder, shape, or film of the metal-containing polymer precursor produced a low-density magnetic ceramic replica in high yield. The magnetic properties of the shaped ceramic could be tuned between a superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic state by controlling the pyrolysis conditions, with the particular state dependent on the size of iron nanoclusters homogeneously dispersed throughout the carbosilane-graphitic-silicon nitride matrix. These results indicate that cross-linked metal-containing polymers may be useful precursors to ceramic monoliths with tailorable magnetic properties. 相似文献
2.
Wachowiak A Wiebe J Bode M Pietzsch O Morgenstern M Wiesendanger R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5593):577-580
Thin film nanoscale elements with a curling magnetic structure (vortex) are a promising candidate for future nonvolatile data storage devices. Their properties are strongly influenced by the spin structure in the vortex core. We have used spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy on nanoscale iron islands to probe for the first time the internal spin structure of magnetic vortex cores. Using tips coated with a layer of antiferromagnetic chromium, we obtained images of the curling in-plane magnetization around and of the out-of-plane magnetization inside the core region. The experimental data are compared with micromagnetic simulations. The results confirm theoretical predictions that the size and the shape of the vortex core as well as its magnetic field dependence are governed by only two material parameters, the exchange stiffness and the saturation magnetization that determines the stray field energy. 相似文献
3.
Tsuchiyama A Uesugi M Matsushima T Michikami T Kadono T Nakamura T Uesugi K Nakano T Sandford SA Noguchi R Matsumoto T Matsuno J Nagano T Imai Y Takeuchi A Suzuki Y Ogami T Katagiri J Ebihara M Ireland TR Kitajima F Nagao K Naraoka H Noguchi T Okazaki R Yurimoto H Zolensky ME Mukai T Abe M Yada T Fujimura A Yoshikawa M Kawaguchi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1125-1128
Regolith particles on the asteroid Itokawa were recovered by the Hayabusa mission. Their three-dimensional (3D) structure and other properties, revealed by x-ray microtomography, provide information on regolith formation. Modal abundances of minerals, bulk density (3.4 grams per cubic centimeter), and the 3D textures indicate that the particles represent a mixture of equilibrated and less-equilibrated LL chondrite materials. Evidence for melting was not seen on any of the particles. Some particles have rounded edges. Overall, the particles' size and shape are different from those seen in particles from the lunar regolith. These features suggest that meteoroid impacts on the asteroid surface primarily form much of the regolith particle, and that seismic-induced grain motion in the smooth terrain abrades them over time. 相似文献
4.
Microstructured particles were synthesized by growing colloidal crystals in aqueous droplets suspended on fluorinated oil. The droplets template highly ordered and smooth particle assemblies, which diffract light and have remarkable structural stability. The method allows control of particle size and shape from spheres through ellipsoids to toroids by varying the droplet composition. Cocrystallization in colloidal mixtures yields anisotropic particles of organic and inorganic materials that can, for example, be oriented and turned over by magnetic fields. The results open the way to controllable formation of a wide variety of microstructures. 相似文献
5.
Molecular beam deflection measurements of small iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters show how magnetism develops as the cluster size is increased from several tens to several hundreds of atoms for temperatures between 80 and 1000 K. Ferromagnetism occurs even for the smallest sizes: for clusters with fewer than about 30 atoms the magnetic moments are atomlike; as the size is increased up to 700 atoms, the magnetic moments approach the bulk limit, with oscillations probably caused by surface-induced spin-density waves. The trends are explained in a magnetic shell model. A crystallographic phase transition from high moment to low moment in iron clusters has also been identified. 相似文献
6.
Superlattices of iron nanocubes synthesized from Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The reaction of the metal-organic precursor Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 with H2 in the presence of a long-chain acid and a long-chain amine in various proportions produces monodisperse zerovalent iron nanoparticles. These Fe particles display magnetic properties that match those of bulk iron as evidenced by magnetic and M?ssbauer measurements. The nanoparticles adopt a cubic shape with edges of 7 nanometers and are incorporated into extended crystalline superlattices containing nanocubes in close proximity and with their crystallographic axes aligned. These superlattices are formed in solution, precipitate in high yield, and may be redissolved and redeposited as two-dimensional arrays. 相似文献
7.
The magnetic properties of samples of rock, fines, and magnetic separate from the fines from Apollo 11 have been measured. Native iron, or possibly nickel-iron, of submicroscopic particle size is the most important constituent, with minor contributions from ilmenite, paramagnetic iron minerals, and other iron-titanium oxides. The remanent magnetization of a sample of the micro-breccia rapidly acquires a viscous magnetization and does not appear to have a significant stable remanence. The crystalline sample has a weak natural remanence showing some stability. 相似文献
8.
C. Igathinathane L.O. Pordesimo E.P. Columbus W.D. Batchelor S.R. Methuku 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2008,63(2):168-182
Quick and accurate particle size distribution analysis is desirable in various technical fields that handle granular or particulate materials including size reduction. We developed an ImageJ plugin that extracts the dimensions from a digital image of disjoint particles after identifying their shapes and determines their particles size distribution. We established that the major and minor axes of ImageJ fitted ellipse along with the developed correction factors efficiently determined dimensions of particles. This paper describes the plugin development and its application to food grains and ground biomass. Using computer generated geometrical shapes as reference objects, a shape identification strategy that addresses common geometric shapes such as square, inclined square, rectangle, inclined rectangle, circle, ellipse, and inclined ellipse was developed. The strategy used only three newly defined shape parameters to identify objects, such as reciprocal aspect ratio, rectangularity, and feret major axis ratio from the standard outputs generated by ImageJ. Evaluation of effects of the particles shape, size, and orientation on the deviation from the reference particle's length and width indicated that the mean absolute deviations of all these factors were less than 1.3%. Developed plugin was applied successfully to analyze the dimensions and size distribution of food grains and ground Miscanthus particles images. The plugin produced quick and accurate size distribution of particles from digital images and can be applied to variety of particle analysis applications. 相似文献
9.
Carlin RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4692):1291-1295
Each of the following ions with spin S = 3/2, octahedral chromium(III), five-coordinate iron(III), and tetrahedral cobalt(II), possesses a (4)A(2) ground state. The theory describing their paramagnetic properties is therefore the same, though some of the parameters change appreciably from ion to ion. This theory is described along with examples of experimental data. The implications of the paramagnetic properties for the magnetic ordering phenomena exhibited by complexes of these ions are also described. 相似文献
10.
养殖工船是拓展深远海养殖空间的新途径之一,在船载舱养过程中,如果未消化的饲料残渣和排泄物等颗粒物不能及时排出,则会对鱼类健康及其生长环境产生严重的负面影响。该文章采用FLOW-3D软件进行数值仿真计算,研究了静止状态下30万t级养殖工船养殖舱出水口数目对舱内流场特征的影响,并在此基础上探究不同粒径与密度的颗粒物在舱内的去除效果。结果表明：当总进出水流量与出水口总面积恒定时,出水口数目从1增加到4,V99%从0.244 m/s降低至0.232 m/s,V95%从0.215 m/s降低至0.203 m/s,随着出水口数目的增加,养殖舱内流速减小;以占总量95%的颗粒物排出养殖舱所需时间为评价标准,当颗粒物密度为1050 kg/m3时,粒径为1 mm的颗粒物排出需要约24 min,粒径为0.5 mm的颗粒物排出需要约45 min,粒径为0.1 mm的颗粒物排出需要约78 min,当颗粒物密度相同时,随着粒径增大,其在养殖舱内的停留时间减少;颗粒物粒径为1 mm时,密度为1100 kg/m3的颗粒物排出需要约15 min,密度为1150 kg/m3的颗粒物排出需要约11.6 min,当颗粒物粒径相同时,颗粒物密度越大,其在养殖舱流场内的停留时间越短。该研究形成了CFD数值仿真计算与数理统计有机结合的综合分析方法,为之后具有不同横摇周期和较大横摇幅值的复杂工况提供研究手段及理论依据。 相似文献
11.
应用计算流体动力学与离散元法耦合的方法,对MP6–R微型磁力泵3种进口流速(0.5、1.0、1.5 m/s)和3种含沙量(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)水沙运动进行数值模拟。结果表明：当进口流速为0.5 m/s时,磁力泵出口管道与蜗壳衔接段出现回流区,其最大回流速度为1.07m/s,随着进口流速的加大,回流速度逐渐降低,当进口流速达到1.5m/s时,回流现象消失,水流速度方向稳定指向出口,磁力泵过流性能最佳;叶轮轴面附近存在大量低速沙粒汇聚的滞留区,滞留区沙粒相互碰撞产生初始切速度;当进口流速一定时,改变颗粒体积分数对滞留区沙粒平均速度的影响较小;进口流速低于1.0 m/s时,增加颗粒体积分数会降低颗粒残留比,进口流速高于1 m/s后,颗粒残留比非常接近;当颗粒体积分数一定时,提升进口流速会降低颗粒残留比,增加滞留区沙粒平均速度,进口流速达到1m/s后,颗粒残留比和滞留区沙粒平均速度随进口流速的变化不明显,磁力泵输送性能最佳。结合磁力泵的过流性能、输送性能与叶轮表面的载荷强度,建议磁力泵最佳运行状态下进口流速保持在1.0 m/s以上。 相似文献
12.
Kivelson MG Bargatze LF Khurana KK Southwood DJ Walker RJ Coleman PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5119):331-334
Two large magnetic field rotations were recorded by the spacecraft Galileo 1 minute before and 2 minutes after its closest approach to the asteroid Gaspra. The timing and the geometry of the field changes suggest a connection with Gaspra, and the events can be interpreted as the result of the draping of the solar wind field around a magnetospheric obstacle. Gaspra's surface field is inferred to be within an order of magnitude of Earth's surface field, and its magnetic moment per unit mass is in the range observed for iron meteorites and highly magnetized chondrites. The location of the magnetic signatures suggests that perturbations are carried by waves in the magnetosonic-whistler mode with wavelengths between electron and ion gyro radii. 相似文献
13.
鱼腥草超微粉的显微特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼腥草经60目粉碎和300目超微粉碎后,用激光粒度仪测量粒径,光镜和扫描电镜观察形态学特征,比较鱼腥草细粉和超微粉的显微特性差异.结果表明:鱼腥草超微粉粒径减小,比表面积增大,松密度增加,电镜下观察基本无完整细胞存在.可见,鱼腥草经超微粉碎后,粉末颗粒细微均匀,绝大多数细胞破壁,达到了超微效果. 相似文献
14.
Spin currents can apply useful torques in spintronic devices. The spin Hall effect has been proposed as a source of spin current, but its modest strength has limited its usefulness. We report a giant spin Hall effect (SHE) in β-tantalum that generates spin currents intense enough to induce efficient spin-torque switching of ferromagnets at room temperature. We quantify this SHE by three independent methods and demonstrate spin-torque switching of both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetized layers. We furthermore implement a three-terminal device that uses current passing through a tantalum-ferromagnet bilayer to switch a nanomagnet, with a magnetic tunnel junction for read-out. This simple, reliable, and efficient design may eliminate the main obstacles to the development of magnetic memory and nonvolatile spin logic technologies. 相似文献
15.
16.
不同造粒方式下复合肥颗粒特性的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究圆盘造粒和挤出-滚圆造粒2种方式制取复合肥造粒的工艺过程及其颗粒特性。比较这2种造粒工艺过程及颗粒特性差异性,用于优化颗粒成型方式,提高颗粒成粒率、改善颗粒外形、颗粒力学特性等,以便对复合肥颗粒有更深入的了解。结果表明:从测定颗粒特性的各项指标中可以看出,挤出-滚圆造粒由于有挤出和滚圆2个过程,所制作的复合肥颗粒致密度较高,稳定性好,圆度和流动性较好,粒径分布也比较均匀;圆盘造粒所制肥料颗粒粒度分布广,干燥速率高,肥料养分释放速度快。 相似文献
17.
We report high-angular-resolution measurements of polarized dust emission toward the low-mass protostellar system NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. We show that in this system the observed magnetic field morphology is in agreement with the standard theoretical models of the formation of Sun-like stars in magnetized molecular clouds at scales of a few hundred astronomical units; gravity has overcome magnetic support, and the magnetic field traces a clear hourglass shape. The magnetic field is substantially more important than turbulence in the evolution of the system, and the initial misalignment of the magnetic and spin axes may have been important in the formation of the binary system. 相似文献
18.
泥沙粒度是流域水动力重要参数,对流域水力学研究等具有重要意义。文章在丰水期内在古城子、江桥、哈尔滨、晨明、佳木斯5个水文测站采集泥沙颗粒样品,应用矩方法和图解法计算对比粒度参数,通过4种粒度参数及特征粒径D_(10)、D_(50)及D_(90)分析干流部分区段趋势变化。研究发现,两种方法计算得出的平均粒径呈高度相关、分选度为中度相关、偏度值为负相关性、峰态值离散程度较大,呈弱相关性;粒度参数变化趋势为沿水流方向粒径变粗,分选由变差向明显过渡,但变化不显著,偏度和峰态均无较明显变化。 相似文献
19.
采用化学共沉淀法制备了γ-Fe2O3/Ni2O3复合磁性纳米微粒,并用Massart法合成了γ-Fe2O3/Ni2O3复合磁性微粒的磁性液体.用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了磁性微粒及不同体积分数的磁性液体的磁化曲线.结果表明,磁性液体的饱和磁化强度与磁性液体中微粒的体积分数v、微粒表面的非磁性层以及基液的磁性有关;不同体积分数的磁性液体的饱和磁化强度实际测量值与相应的理论值吻合较好.由此可判断:γ-Fe2O3/Ni2O3复合磁性微粒较其它单相纳米微粒更适于合成磁性液体. 相似文献
20.
[目的]以钛铁矿为原料,制备包覆性Fe_3O_4/TiO_2磁性光催化剂。[方法]研究不同温度、反应时间、钛铁矿颗粒大小、是否冷凝回流等条件下钛铁矿的溶解情况以及TiO_2、Fe_3O_4/TiO_2的产率和催化效果,并采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂产物进行表征,且验证催化剂的磁性能。[结果]该方法可以制备出磁性良好、包覆效果好、较纯净的Fe_3O_4/TiO_2包覆性光催化材料。[结论]制备出的Fe_3O_4/TiO_2复合物保持了Fe_3O_4的磁性,是一种性能优良的包覆性光催化材料。 相似文献