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Climate change, urbanization, and population increase limit food availability. To sustain human existence, there is the need to increase food and agricultural production to mitigate the impact of these factors. Scientists have been working for years on ways to increase food production. From plant breeding techniques to soil science, scientists have made tremendous progress. The rhizobiome has been proven to be important to crop production, and the impact of the rhizobiome on plant health cannot be overemphasized. Being rich in diverse complex microbial interactions, the rhizosphere has become a major force in recent plant growth promotion studies. The upsurge in next-generation sequencing applications with the various “omics” technologies is helping to unearth information relating to rhizosphere impact on plant growth. Explaining the complex interactions between and across microbial species present in the rhizosphere is important to further enhance our understanding of their mechanistic and mutualistic functions. Knowledge from this can be used in rhizosphere biome engineering for improved plant growth and yield in the face of the various biotic and abiotic challenges. 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病致病菌筛选及致病菌浓度对香蕉枯萎病的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
【目的】通过筛选和鉴定香蕉枯萎病的致病菌株,之后接种不同浓度的病原菌孢子悬液,研究香蕉植株的发病程度,以期为香蕉枯萎病的田间诊断提供科学的理论依据。【方法】采用室内筛选和盆栽试验相结合的方法。【结果】从香蕉枯萎病病株的假茎基部分离筛选纯化获得了一株致病的尖孢镰刀菌菌株。盆栽回接该菌株35d后,有90%香蕉植株发病,香蕉死亡率高达70%,经鉴定确认该菌株为香蕉枯萎病致病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,FOC);本试验条件下,致病菌株的孢子悬液浓度为103CFU/g土时是香蕉枯萎病发病的临界浓度,当致病菌株的孢子悬液浓度不超过105CFU/g土时,香蕉枯萎病的发病指数随着病原菌孢子悬液浓度的加大而增加,当致病菌株的孢子悬液浓度超过105CFU/g土时,香蕉枯萎病的发病指数不再显著变化;香蕉根际土壤和土体土壤中的尖孢镰刀菌数量受致病菌株孢子悬液不同浓度的影响较大,接种病原菌孢子悬液不同浓度处理的根际土壤的尖孢镰刀菌数量是土体土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量的1.15—2.06倍,显著高于土体土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量。【结论】香蕉植株枯萎病是否发生与土壤本身的尖孢镰刀菌数量有关,发病程度高低决定于根际土壤中的尖孢镰刀菌数量,以上结果可为香蕉枯萎病的诊断提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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Wheat straw biochar amendment suppresses tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: Potential effects of rhizosphere organic acids and amino acids 
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下载免费PDF全文 Complex interactions based on host plant, rhizosphere microorganisms and soil microenvironment are presumed to be responsible for the suppressive properties of biochar against soil-borne diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of biochar amendment for controlling tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and to explore the interactions between biochar-induced changes in rhizosphere compound composition, the pathogen and tomato growth. The results showed that biochar amendment decreased disease incidence by 61–78% and simultaneously improved plant growth. The positive ‘biochar effect' could be associated with enhanced microbial activity and alterations in the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition. Specifically, elevated rhizosphere citric acid and lysine, but reduced salicylic acid, were induced by biochar which improved microbial activity and rendered the rhizosphere unsuitable for the development of R. solanacearum. In addition, nutrients which were either made more available by the stimulated microbial activity or supplied by the biochar could improve plant vigor and potentially enhance tomato resistance to diseases. Our findings highlight that biochar's ability to control tomato bacterial wilt could be associated with the alteration of the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition, however, further research is required to verify these ‘biochar effects' in field conditions. 相似文献
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根表功能细菌生物膜及其在土壤有机污染控制与修复中的潜在应用价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤中的有机污染物可从根系进入植物体内,并可进一步通过食物链富集,从而威胁人群健康。植物根际微生物种类繁多、数量巨大,其中很多根际细菌可通过成膜作用在植物根表形成细菌生物膜,协助植物抵抗外界的不良环境或促进植物生长。有机污染物在被植物根系吸收的过程中,多需经过根表细菌生物膜这一特殊界面。综述了根际细菌在植物根表的成膜作用,以及根表功能细菌生物膜对污染物根际环境过程的影响及作用机理,分析了利用根表功能细菌生物膜调控植物吸收有机污染物的可行性,试图为防治土壤有机污染、降低作物污染风险、保障农产品安全等提供理论依据。 相似文献
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植物与土壤微生物互作及其反馈影响自然界植物群落的竞争性演替。为了明确土壤微生物在我国恶性入侵植物紫茎泽兰传入定殖后迅速竞争性扩张中的作用,通过接种植物根际微生物（紫茎泽兰和本地植物的根际土壤分别进行灭菌处理、添加杀真菌剂处理和无处理（对照））的盆栽法,比较了土壤微生物对紫茎泽兰和2种本地植物（林泽兰和狗尾草）的生长反馈效应。结果显示,根际土壤微生物对3种植物的生长均产生正反馈,紫茎泽兰、林泽兰和狗尾草在添加杀真菌剂处理或灭菌处理的生物量均比对照显著下降。林泽兰和狗尾草的根系AMF侵染率在对照的紫茎泽兰土壤和本地植物土壤中没有显著差异;但在添加杀真菌剂处理后,林泽兰和狗尾草的根系AMF侵染率在紫茎泽兰土壤中比在本地植物土壤中分别高出8102%和897%,说明紫茎泽兰土壤的真菌具有更强的正反馈作用。磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）分析土壤微生物群落多样性和功能微生物丰度的结果显示,入侵植物紫茎泽兰土壤和本地植物土壤的土壤微生物群落存在显著差异。综合推断认为,紫茎泽兰入侵后改变了土壤微生物群落结构,从而产生更有利于自身生长的正反馈,进而进一步促进了竞争性扩张。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨茶树根际微生物的群落组成与茶叶质量的关系,为研制茶树菌肥提供参考。[方法]对从信阳市泖河区贤山茶场、蛳河港茶场、罗山县城郊茶场采集的土样中的茶树根际微生物进行分离鉴定。[结果]澌河港荼场土样中的细菌数量显著多于罗山县茶场和贤山茶场,其茶叶质量最为上乘。澌河港茶场土样中的真菌种类与数量多于罗山县茶场与贤山茶场,其放线菌种类与数量明显较少。罗山县茶场和贤山茶场土样中的细菌都分属于11个属,沸河港茶场土样中的细菌分属于14个属。固氮菌属、氮单胞菌属和假单胞菌属出现的频度最高,微球菌属、土壤单胞菌属和拜叶林克氏菌属出现的频度次之,肠杆菌属、葡萄球菌属出现的频度最低。[结论]信阳毛尖的茶叶质量与茶树根际微生物关系密切． 相似文献
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Lin FU Wu XIONG Francisco DINI-ANDREOTE Beibei WANG Chengyuan TAO Yunze RUAN Zongzhuan SHEN Rong LI Qirong SHEN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(3):307-316
Harnessing disease-suppressive microbiomes constitutes a promising strategy for optimizing plant growth. However, relatively little information is available about the relationship between bulk and rhizosphere soil microbiomes. Here, the assembly of banana bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiomes was investigated in a monoculture system consisting of bio-organic (BIO) and organic management practices. Applying BIO practice in newly reclaimed fields resulted in a high-efficiency biocontrol rate, thus providing a promising strategy for pre-control of Fusarium wilt disease. The soil microbiota was further characterized by MiSeq sequencing and quantitative PCR. The results indicate that disease suppression was mediated by the structure of a suppressive rhizosphere microbiome with respect to distinct community composition, diversity and abundance. Overall microbiome suppressiveness was primarily related to a particular set of enriched bacterial taxa affiliated with Pseudomonas, Terrimonas, Cupriavidus, Gp6, Ohtaekwangia and Duganella. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to show that the changes in bulk soil bacterial community determined its induced rhizosphere bacterial community, which serves as an important and direct factor in restraining the pathogen. Collectively, this study provides an integrative approach to disentangle the biological basis of disease-suppressive microbiomes in the context of agricultural practice and soil management. 相似文献
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In the present agricultural system, the discriminate use of synthetic chemical fertilizers has predominantly increased throughout the world. Moreover, using excessive use of fertilizers to increase production deteriorates the various soil qualities and pollute water body environment. So using VAM fungi as a biocontrol agent in modern sustainable agriculture, in terms of various parameters like reduction of damage caused by various pathogens, cost effectiveness, energy saving and also as an environment friendly, is a promising perspective in modern agriculture. Also control of plant pathogens in modern agriculture is presently accepted as a key practice in sustainable agriculture because it is based on the management of certain rhizosphere organisms, common components of ecosystems, known to develop antagonistic activities against harmful organisms. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere and various other soil constituents. Upon root colonization by VAMF, there occurs profound physiological changes in the host plant. Present agriculture system increasing demand for low-input agriculture and creates greater interest in soil microorganisms which are able to accelerate plant nutrition, health and improve soil quality. The importance of VAM in incresaing food production is far and wide; therefore these can be used in modern sustainable agriculture particulary as biocontrol agent. This review highlights the different interactions of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) and the rule of these interactions in the biological control of plant pathogens. But the commercial use of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) as biocontrol agents is still in its infancy. The main reason is the poor understanding of the mechanisms of the modes of action of VAM fungi in association with the host plants. 相似文献
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以紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)、飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)、一年蓬(Annual fleabane)、加拿大蓬(Erigeron canadensis)4种入侵植物及本土植物艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)根际土壤为对象,研究不同入侵植物对本土植物根际土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物数量的影响并探讨其入侵机制.结果显示:4种入侵植物增加了本土植物根际土壤含水量、电导率,降低了土壤容重和pH,并且对土壤微生物量、酶活性及微生物数量表现为一定程度的增加效应;植物入侵改变了根际土壤养分利用策略,4种入侵植物显著增加了根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,却显著降低了根际土壤纤维素酶和硝酸还原酶活性,紫茎泽兰和飞机草根际土壤转化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于艾蒿,一年蓬和加拿大蓬根际土壤转化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著低于艾蒿,对根际土壤硝酸还原酶活性无显著差异;4种入侵植物改变了土壤微生物结构,显著增加了其根际土壤中的细菌的数量,抑制了真菌与放线菌数量,总体来说,4种入侵植物显著提高了微生物总数.相关性分析显示,除了土壤容重、电导率和总孔隙度,其他根际土壤理化性质均与土壤酶活性及微生物数量之间具有较强的相关性,表明土壤系统内部因子处于动态变化和平衡,它们作为相互影响的整体表现出统一性和同步性. 相似文献
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从3种基质分离的木霉种类鉴定 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
从福建省的食用菌、植物线虫虫体和植物根际土壤中共分离到125个木霉(Trichoderma)菌株,根据形态学特征和培养性状,鉴定出5种木霉,分别是哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、康氏木霉(T.koningii)、拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii)和长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum).植物根际土壤中的优势种为哈茨木霉和绿色木霉;食用菌上的优势种为康氏木霉和拟康氏木霉;植物线虫虫体上的优势种为绿色木霉. 相似文献
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菌根真菌与植物根际微生物互作关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌根真菌是自然生态系统中最重要的功能群之一,深入研究和揭示它与植物根际微生物间的互作关系,对进一步利用和调控根围微生物的相互作用,促进植物生长,维持农林生态系统的稳定具有重要意义。菌根真菌与某些根际有益微生物(如MHB、PGPR)具有协同促生关系。这些有益微生物可通过改变根际土壤微环境、提高根系对菌根真菌侵染的感受性等为菌根菌在根部的定殖创造有利条件;而菌根真菌则可通过改变根际土壤pH值、根际营养等方面影响根际微生物的群落结构。菌根真菌与土壤微生物通过相互促进或抑制,对宿主植物产生影响。目前,国内外关于菌根真菌与根际微生物互作中二者相互识别、协同作用的机理研究还处于探索阶段。快速发展的分子生物学技术为研究菌根围微生态区系提供了新的途径,将有助于科学有效地研究菌根围微生物之间的互作机制。 相似文献
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土壤类型和树种对根际土丛枝菌根真菌群落及其根系侵染率的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
为合理利用丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)真菌促进喀斯特退化土地植被恢复,采用形态学方法研究了土壤类型(石灰土和黄壤)和宿主植物种类(紫弹树(Celtis biondii Pamp)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)和单性木兰(Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy))对AM真菌群落结构的影响。研究共分离鉴定了2属14种AM真菌,其中幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)是石灰土和黄壤共有的优势种,石灰土特有的AM真菌包括地球囊霉(G.geosporum)、白色球囊霉(G.albidum)、双型球囊霉(G.ambisporum)、象牙白球囊霉(G.eburneum)和细凹无梗囊霉(G.scrobiculata),而波状无梗囊霉(A.undulata)是黄壤特有的AM真菌。土壤类型对AM真菌孢子密度,Shannon多样性指数以及侵染率具有显著影响;宿主植物种类与AM真菌Shannon多样性指数呈显著相关。石灰土紫弹树和单性木兰根际土AM真菌孢子丰度显著高于黄壤相同植物的,而红锥无显著差异;石灰土紫弹树和红锥的AM真菌物种丰富度及Shannon多样性指数均高于黄壤同种植物的。土壤类型对AM真菌孢子密度、物种丰富度、Shannon多样性指数和侵染率均有显著影响,对均匀度指数也有显著影响;植物种类对Shannon多样性指数有显著影响,且AM真菌物种丰富度、Shannon多样性指数和侵染率受土壤类型与植物种类交互作用的显著影响;土壤p H和全钾含量对AM真菌群落影响显著。因此,利用AM真菌促进喀斯特植物定植生长与植被恢复过程中,应该考虑喀斯特土壤AM真菌具有区域特异性和物种偏好性。 相似文献
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根系分泌物是植物根系向根际分泌的自身代谢产物,是植物与根际环境对话的调控者,调控植物与植物、植物与微生物、微生物与微生物的相互关系。近年来,国内外学者摸索出多种收集根系分泌物的方法,并借此初步揭示根系分泌物在土壤种间互作中发挥的重要作用。通过阐述根系分泌物的概念和收集方法,分析不同方法的利弊;着重阐述根系分泌物在植物-植物、植物-土壤微生物种间互作中的重要作用,以及种间互作在生态农业中的应用;并提出今后研究的主要问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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结合形态观察与16S rDNA序列测定对柠条根系内分离筛选得到的解磷细菌C9进行鉴定,Blast比对结果表明C9为泛菌(Pantoea vagans)。在无机磷液体培养基培养条件下,用钼锑抗比色法研究它的解磷能力。结果表明,随着时间的延长,培养液中速效磷含量逐渐增加到4.45mg/L,溶液pH可降至4.2。进一步利用实时荧光定量 PCR 检测柠条根系中、柠条根际土壤与柠条根围土壤中该细菌存在的相对基因拷贝数,结果发现该基因在3种样品中的数量为:柠条根系>柠条根际土壤>柠条根围土壤,表明泛菌解磷细菌能聚集生长在柠条根系内,随着与根系接触距离的增加而呈逐级递减趋势。 相似文献
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四川中江县药用植物根际土壤真菌与放线菌数量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探究四川中江县主要药材种植区土壤真菌与放线菌分布规律。[方法]采集中江县6个药用植物种植基地24个样点的药用植物根际土壤,采用常规方法对土壤真菌及放线菌进行分离与计数,并通过SPSS数理统计软件分析种植方式对数量的影响。[结果]中江药用植物种植区根际土壤真菌数量为（2.11×10^4±7.08×10^4）cfu/g,数量随土壤含水量的增加而增加。土壤放线菌数量为（1.51×10^5±2.73×10^5）cfu/g,受土壤含水量的影响较小。不同的药用植物间土壤真菌及放线菌数量差异不一,表现为丹参土壤真菌数量显著高于白芍,其他差异不明显;4种药用植物间土壤放线菌数量差异不显著。[结论]不同的种植方式对土壤真菌及放线菌数量均有较大影响,表现为混种下其数量显著高于单一种植。 相似文献