共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jianbo SHEN Qichao ZHU Xiaoqiang JIAO Hao YING Hongliang WANG Xin WEN Wen XU Tingyu LI Wenfeng CONG Xuejun LIU Yong HOU Zhenling CUI Oene OENEMA William J. DAVIES Fusuo ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):5-13
Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development. 相似文献
2.
近十年来,我国借鉴国外经验,开展环境监测传感器技术研发、构建渔业生态环境监测网,进行赤潮等环境灾害预警技术研究,从宏观和微观层面探索水域污染对生态系统结构功能的影响和污染物毒性、毒理和迁移转化规律,进而提出生境修复和野生物种保护和恢复的方法措施,并在溢油、化学污染物和重金属污染事故应急处置关键技术研究等方向上取得了显著进展。针对目前的政策导向和研究热点,今后应更重视国家级大型环境监测数据网构建、灾害预警的机理性研究、分子水平上污染物对生物毒理作用和遗传变异规律、水环境修复与健康养殖的整体策略等方面的研究,为我国渔业的可持续发展奠定基础。 相似文献
3.
Laurence E. D. SMITH 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):90-97
Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water. Agriculture Green Development (AGD) requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk. This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation, advice provision, voluntarism and targeted incentives. The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource, but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
由于海岛生态环境的脆弱性及旅游开发对海岛环境的依赖性,亟需对海岛旅游开发中的环境问题进行研究,为海岛旅游走可持续发展道路提供参考。该研究总结了中国海岛环境特征,分析了海岛旅游开发的现状,探讨了海岛旅游开发中存在的环境问题。在此基础上,提出了海岛旅游环境保护的建议：以海岛生态环境保护为前提,完善相关法律法规;借鉴国外海岛旅游开发经验,科学规划,打造海岛生态旅游模式;由政府主导,改善海岛基础设施,预防环境污染,保护海岛旅游环境;建立海岛环境监测站与旅游信息监测系统;加强生态环境保护教育,培养负责任的旅游者和旅游从业人员;增强海岛监管力度,规范海岛旅游秩序。 相似文献
8.
Shenggen FAN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(4):366-370
Africa in facing numerous challenges in the 21st century in feeding its rapidly increasing population. Land resources have become limited due to urbanization and industrialization. The existing agricultural land has been degraded and soil fertility has declined due to unsustainable farming practices. Despite of progress made in the past several decades, hunger and malnutrition in Africa still hinder health, human development and economic growth, which will become even worse in the future if proper measures are not taken. Sustainable intensification is the only solution to tackling both environmental sustainability including climate change and malnutrition, i.e., to produce more foods in terms of nutrients human body needs with less natural resources and carbon emissions. To achieve this vision, innovations in technologies, policies and institutions are essential. The Chinese experience in Agricultural Green Development (AGD) can be shared with Africans when the region is pursuing its sustainable intensification strategy. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
This paper has three aims. First, to examine how the negative environmental consequences of intensive agriculture have driven China and the UK to shift away from narrowly focused farm output policies and adopt more holistic green development pathways. Second, to explore the policy objectives they have in common. Third, to assess the numerous opportunities for joint research and knowledge sharing through the Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network and other existing institutional mechanisms. The intensification of agricultural production in the UK started several decades earlier than in China as did the negative environmental consequences of the farm practices. However, their strategies and policies for sustainable intensification and green development have much in common. These are set out in two main documents: the Chinese State Council guidelines for green agriculture and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 25 Year Environment Plan. There are substantial mutual advantages from greater collaboration on problem identification and monitoring; the development of appropriate technological and management responses and the formulation of sound policies. To achieve this potential, it is recommended that further thought be given to how best to bring together all of the key stakeholders along the whole food chain. 相似文献
12.
农业农村是温室气体排放源之一，也是固碳增汇的重要方面，我国农业农村领域仍存在减排固碳底数不清、监测方法和核算标准体系不健全、认证缺乏指导依据等问题，因此，亟需构建农业农村减排固碳技术标准体系，充分发挥标准基础性、引领性作用，提升农业农村减排固碳技术水平和管理效能。本文对国内外农业农村领域碳排放、碳减排、固碳等相关标准进行梳理，分析现阶段标准现状和存在的问题，明确建立农业农村减排固碳标准体系的思路及整体框架，加快关键领域标准制定与实施，重点围绕稻田甲烷、农田氧化亚氮、反刍动物肠道甲烷、畜禽粪污管理、秸秆露天焚烧及农村生活用能等“排放源”，农田和渔业“碳汇源”，以及可再生能源替代“减排源”等主要领域，研编一批国家、行业、地方标准，提出标准体系建设有关建议，为推进农业农村领域建立健全统一的碳排放数据监测计量、核算、报告、核查等技术规范体系，推进农业农村绿色发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
13.
14.
中国硝酸盐脆弱区划分与面源污染阻控 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来,我国由农业源引发的水体污染愈发严重,这不仅对生态环境造成了影响,同时也让人类赖以生存的饮用水安全受到威胁。因此,如何有效阻控农业面源污染,保护水资源和生态安全意义重大。欧美等国家通过划分硝酸盐和磷污染风险区,以此为依据制定了相关区域法案政策,实施重点区域面源污染阻控和水污染防治,获得了很好的面源污染消减效果。因此,本文分析了欧美等国家通过划分硝酸盐脆弱区制定区域养分管理法案法规,消减水体硝酸盐面源污染风险的经验;阐述了我国硝酸盐脆弱区初步划分的结果,提出了我国针对硝酸盐脆弱区的农业面源污染区域阻控的建议,旨在为我国农业绿色发展和绿色生态环境构建提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
在农业环境资源禀赋刚性约束下应更注重农业的绿色发展.假设农业污染排放系数是一个动态变化的参数,基于动态测算农业面源污染非期望产出,运用SBM超效率模型和DEA-Malmquist生产率指数测算主要农作物的绿色全要素生产率.研究发现:①粳稻和大豆的环境技术效率大于1,而玉米、小麦和棉花的环境技术效率小于1;②棉花、粳稻和... 相似文献
16.
农业面源污染理论研究及展望 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
从国内外农业面源污染的概念、研究进展、监测评价模型及农业政策和经济等控制措施,分析了我国农业面源污染控制研究的现状,探讨了适合我国国情的农业面源污染控制策略、法律法规、政策和农业管理体系。提出了建立健全我国农业面源污染控制的法律法规、监测评估、技术支撑、行政管理和资金保障五大体系,这是控制农业面源污染的关键。 相似文献
17.
小城镇环境污染问题及对策 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
分析了我国小城镇环境污染的严重状况,包括生产性环境污染和生活性环境污染;建立了小城镇三维复合系统的可持续发展目标优化模型和小城镇发展的循环经济模式。认为小城镇环境保护应实施“总量控制”和“绿色工程计划”两大环境保护新举措。提出了健全现行政策制度、执行乡镇企业环境保护法、编制小城镇环境保护规划和公众参与制度等有关对策,以加强小城镇环境污染的治理。 相似文献
18.
19.
通过调查研究,分析了我国河、湖水环境污染状况以及作为河湖主要污染源的污水排放和处理状况,作为治理河湖污染主要途径的污水再生利用状况,作为污水资源化利用重要对象的荒漠生态及其恢复建设基本情况。全国河流总体水质属中度污染,污染情况严重,1/4以上的监测断面属于劣V类水。全国湖泊水库水环境污染非常严重,并有加重的趋势,国控重点湖(库)近一半不能满足地表水环境质量标准的最低要求,70%以上不适用于作为生活饮用水水源地。2006年全国污水排放量为537亿t,1998—2006年全国污水排放总量、工业废水排放量、生活污水排放量均逐年增加,年均增长率分别为4%、2.1%、5.9%。通过与用水量进行比对发现,国家污水排放量统计数据存在严重漏报现象,数据严重失实,应引起足够重视。污水再生回用主要集中在小规模的城市杂用,大规模工业回用还处在探索起步阶段,农业回用和大规模生态回用还没有起步。 相似文献
20.
渭北黄土高原苹果园土壤重金属空间分布及其累积性评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对渭北黄土高原苹果园217个样点0～40cm土层土壤取样分析,采用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,研究了苹果园土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cr、Cu6种重金属的含量及其积累状况、空间结构及其分布特征,并根据绿色食品产地环境质量标准对苹果园土壤环境质量进行了评价。结果显示,渭北苹果园土壤中6种重金属已出现一定程度的累积,其累积程度依次为:Hg>Pb>Cd>As>Cu>Cr。各采样点Hg、Cd含量变异程度较大,变异系数在50%以上;而Pb、As、Cr、Cu各采样点含量差异较小,变异系数为19.10%～23.70%。6种重金属均表现为较强的空间相关性,其空间变异性主要由成土母质、气候、地形等结构性因素控制。其中随机因素对Cd的空间变异的影响程度相对较大,一定程度上消弱了结构性因素对Cd空间变异的主导作用,而Pb、Cr、Cu空间变异受随机因素的影响较弱,随机性因素对各重金属空间变异的影响程度依次为:Cd>As>Hg>Pb>Cr>Cu。重金属积累的单项评价指数均小于1,综合评价指数小于0.7,果园土壤环境质量完全满足绿色食品产地环境质量的要求,其中As的累积对绿色食品苹果生产可能有较大的潜在影响,应加以有效控制以防止其持续累积。 相似文献