共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
豫北气象灾害风险评估系统研究——以辉县市为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了确立气象灾害风险评价指标体系,建立气象灾害综合风险区划图,对气象灾害进行风险区划,根据豫北辉县市1961-2009年的气象资料和1961-2009年地质灾害资料,利用气象材料、方法及评价指标,从暴雨、冰雹、大风和地质灾害4方面对致灾因子进行分析。结果表明,豫北山区的暴雨、冰雹、地质灾害发生概率大于平原地带,大风发生概率相反,平原地带大风发生概率高于丘陵山区,这就为当地防御气象灾害提供了科技支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
2.
City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities. 相似文献
3.
重庆市雷电灾害状况及其农村防雷建议 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【摘 要】 为了摸清重庆雷电灾害（简称雷灾）的现状、时空分布及农村地区的雷灾成因与防治对策,本文在重庆市34个代表站1998～2008年共11年的雷灾数据的基础上就雷灾现状、时空分布及农村地区发生环境、灾害受体等方面进行了分析研究,得出了以下初步结果：①重庆雷灾次数与区域雷暴日数基本一致,呈一年高一年低或两年高一年低的趋势;②雷灾多发生在城市,其事故数量及经济损失远远超过农村;③重庆的雷灾密度中心有两个：即主城及其以东相邻地区,黔江和秀山;④雷灾人员伤亡主要发生在农村（占92.7%）,户内是主要发生环境,雷灾死亡数与死伤数之比户外远高于户内;⑤农村地区雷灾的经济损失、数量主要表现在公共设施、电气设备、建筑物上表明了直击雷和雷电波入侵是雷灾的主要途径;⑥针对该市农村的实际情况,提出了农村防雷对策。 相似文献
4.
[目的]研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市，评价了样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征，[方法]利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系，为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量、提高城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。[结果](1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显，空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区，东南沿海城市空气质量较好，京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重，空气质量指数（AQI）、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出：北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异，居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的比例在49%~58%之间。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例，沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明，样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同，影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上，居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关；从区域上，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。[结论]样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。 相似文献
5.
Blind number theory was used to evaluate water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) in mining cities of central Liaoning Province, P. R. China to prompt the balanced development of water environment with human activity. The research was based on the characteristics of water environment systems with numerous uncertainties such as random, fuzzy, and grey ones which may occur simultaneously or partially in a system. An indicator system for WECCs was established. The indicators were set as blind number and the WECC in mining cities of central Liaoning Province subsequently were calculated. Study results show that from 1997 to 2005, the WECCs in the mining cities Anshan and Fushun of central Liaoning Province were below the safe level, but the WECC in Benxi city was rather safe. By the comparative analysis of a system under uncertainty with that under a condition of certainty, the results of the blind number model regarding WECC was reasonable. This model is well adapted for WECC assessment. 相似文献
6.
The space of mountain center city has diversified characteristics, which has interactive relations with the city overall function. Based on analyzing the contradictions between the characteristics of central city and the form of mountainous city, following the mountainous central cities' characteristics of multi-group, multi-center, multi-dimensional and multi-level, the theoretical model which reflects mathematic and abstract relationship between the characteristics and the overall function of the mountainous central cities was constructed. On the basis of the mountainous cities' characteristics and the scientific planning, the model develops the mountainous cities space and macro-functions theory. 相似文献
7.
This paper analyses the role played by different urban nodes in the Chilean copper mining Global Production Network (GPN), and how filtering mechanisms act in favour of the capital city, limiting the territorial embeddedness of extractive industry in resource peripheries. In doing so, we make three contributions to the literature. First, in addition to observing gateway cities (those connecting the mining hinterlands to the global economy), we propose an intermediate category in urban hierarchies which we label the “backdoor city” (those that can perform one or more functions of a gateway city but lack chances for value capture and sustainable development outcomes). Second, we analyse the filtering mechanisms that work to the detriment of resources peripheries. Third, we analyse how these mechanisms reduce the territorial embeddedness of mining activity across the Chilean urban hierarchy. Our main results show that the capital city of Santiago stands out as the only gateway city in the country, and Antofagasta acts as a backdoor city for the Chilean resource peripheries where the extractive activity is weakly embedded, limiting their development opportunities. 相似文献
8.
基于Logistic回归方法的林芝市山洪地质灾害预警研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究林芝市的山洪地质灾害的成因,针对降水、土地利用、土壤类型、坡度和植被指数等因素进行了分析。结合环境地质和降水时空分布特征,使用Logistic回归方法建立了山洪地质灾害的概率区划。依据灾害当前及前六天的日降水数据,通过Logistic回归模型建立了山洪地质灾害预警模型。研究发现,林芝市的大部分地区山洪地质灾害发生概率低于40%,概率在40%以上的区域约为1.8万平方公里,约占林芝市面积的14.8%。与实际发生情况对比印证,发现该预警模型对于山洪地质灾害预测的准确率为87.2%,而无灾害预测的准确率高达97.7%。 相似文献
9.
Asinate Mausio 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2021,62(1):2-14
This article seeks to examine Fiji's current housing crisis against the backdrop of neoliberal urbanism. In doing so, the article offers a fresh new perspective on the marginalisation, displacement and outright exclusion of the urban poor from the inner city areas of Suva. Among the trademark growth problems experienced by neoliberal cities across the globe, the crisis of urban housing affordability is perhaps more pronounced in Suva given economies of scale and constraints in Fiji's land tenure system. This article seeks to highlight that Suva's inner city spaces are being transformed along the lines of market fundamentalism and that this will exacerbate the social exclusion and displacement of Suva's poor. 相似文献
10.
11.
摘 要：在城市各类防灾系统中,应急避难绿地是一种既能为城市提供自然空间又有助于防灾救援的有效手段。通过对应急避难绿地的概念及其建设条件等内容的分析,结合黄山市屯溪区规划布局特点、灾害类型以及城区防灾避难工作现状调查,提出建立屯溪区绿地避难场所的必要性和规划设计建议。 相似文献
12.
为了对湖南省主要城市园林绿地的土壤养分进行评价,笔者根据湖南省主要城市地形,对6个丘陵城市（湘潭,株洲,衡阳,郴州,娄底,邵阳）、4个山地城市（怀化,吉首,张家界,永州）和4个平原城市（常德,益阳,岳阳,长沙）园林绿地土壤进行采样,每个城市又按公园绿地、行政事业单位（包括学校、医院、政府机关）、住宅区和主干道分别取样。结果表明：（1）湖南省主要城市园林绿地土壤pH较高,均值为7.9,土壤有机质(SOM)较低(6.8 g/kg),铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)处于较低水平,速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、速效钙(ACa)、速效镁(AMg)处于较高水平,速效硫(AS)、速效铁(AFe)、速效铜(ACu)、速效锰(AMn)、速效锌(AZn)和速效硼(AB)的含量适中;（2）土地利用方式对平原城市土壤养分含量影响显著,住宅区绿地土壤pH显著高于事业单位、公园和主干道,公园绿地的AS、ACu、AZn和AMn显著低于其他3种土地利用方式;（3）不同地形城市土壤养分含量存在显著差异,丘陵城市和山地城市的pH显著高于平原城市,山地城市的SOM、AK、AMg、NH4+-N、ACu、ACa和AMn显著低于丘陵城市和平原城市,丘陵城市的AP和AB显著高于山地城市和平原城市,平原城市的AS和AFe显著高于丘陵城市和山地城市。研究结果对于构建湖南省主要城市园林绿化体系具有理论和实践意义。 相似文献
13.
Based on the system science and by analyzing the landscape of "qian hu miao zhai" in Guizhou Province and a landscape project along Jialingjiang River in Chongqing, in this paper, to seek a design method for mountainous city landscape is investigated by creation of landscape-superposition through isomorph-accumulating on mountainous landform in order to provide a new approach for the design of distinctive landscape in mountainous cities. 相似文献
14.
基于GIS的县域气象灾害与小麦生育期气象灾害趋势分析——以阳谷县为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了更好地探究县域内的气象灾害的具体分布特征及其对冬小麦生产的影响,提高农业生产减灾防灾水平。通过运用GIS、统计学和农业气象学等方法,以乡镇为单元,对阳谷县气象灾害风险趋势进行研究,系统分析了阳谷县1981—2011年的风险指标和综合风险指数,明细了不同气象灾害在该县的发生频率和综合风险指数的地域分布规律,计算各乡镇的综合农业气象灾害风险性,并进行相应的灾害趋势分析。趋势分析结果表明：各乡镇干旱发生频率基本一致;洪涝发生频率则由东北向西南逐步增强;高温灾害日数由西南向东北逐渐减弱,低温则反之;冰雹则主要集中在城区中部乡镇;而冬小麦生育期内高庙王的综合气象灾害风险度最高,金斗营、阿城镇的综合气象灾害风险度最低。 相似文献
15.
安徽省农业灾害情况及防灾减灾对策分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
分析安徽省主要农业灾害发生及分布情况,探讨相应的防灾减灾对策,为实现安徽省农业可持续发展及保障安徽省粮食安全提供依据。以1978—2012年安徽省农业灾情及粮食播种面积、粮食总产等数据为依据,分析农业灾害对安徽省农业生产的影响和安徽省水灾、旱灾、风雹灾、霜冻灾等主要农业灾害发生及分布规律,并提出防灾减灾对策。结果表明,1978年以来,安徽省农业气象灾害频发,1991、1998、2003年受灾面积较大,总体上粮食总产呈增加趋势,农业气象灾害受灾及成灾面积与粮食总产呈负相关;1979—2012年安徽省粮食总产呈周期性波动,且与成灾面积的年际增长率呈负相关关系,表现为每3年左右为1个周期;影响安徽省农业生产发展的最主要灾害种类是旱灾、水灾、风雹、霜冻等,其中水灾和旱灾是最主要灾害,其危害多数年份占所有农业灾害危害受灾面积和成灾面积的80%以上;安徽省绝大部分地市的旱灾成灾面积指数大于水灾成灾面积指数,说明旱灾是影响安徽省农业生产发展的最重要农业气象灾害类型。该研究可为安徽省农业灾害风险的有效管理和政府部门相关决策提供技术支持和参考。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2015,(6)
Buildings and spatial environment left by history record evolution traces of cities and significant events related to the cities, and as a particular carrier of culture, they are witnesses of city development, and show the later generations memories of the city history. In urban planning, historical images must be respected, the relation between ancient cultural relics and urban planning handled properly, city brand established, and city image improved. The author, on the basis of exploring signifi cance of urban ancient cultural relics, used practical cases to fi gure out approaches of preserving urban ancient cultural relics in urban planning. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2016,(5)
Six evaluation factors were selected to evaluate the susceptibility level of the Xixi Watershed to geological disasters such as collapse and landslide, namely formation lithology, rainfall, gradient, aspect, vegetation and buffer zone. The results showed that Longmen Town, Gongqiao Town, Lianhua Town, and Chengxiang Town in the lower reaches of the Xixi Watershed were more susceptible to geological disasters in case of rainstorm because of the easily-collapsed formation lithology; riverbank erosion by runoff was enhanced during rainstorm, thus both sides of the rivers in Chengxiang Town at the estuary of the Xixi Watershed were most susceptible to geological disasters; in case of rainstorm, geological disaster monitoring in location areas of Longmen Town, Guanqiao Town, Lianhua Town, Chengxiang Town in the lower reaches, particularly trunk streams in Chengxiang Town, should be enhanced. By evaluating environmental geo-disasters of the Xixi Watershed, the blank in the environmental geo-disaster evaluation of the local area will be filled in, and scientific support will be provided for the future prevention of environmental geodisaster. 相似文献
18.
The renovation of old mountain cities and towns is a main point in city construction nowadays. In this paper, the characters of economic and real estate development are analyzed to find out proper ways and new principles for renovation from two aspects as city planning and street space renewal to solve the new problems in our present work. 相似文献
19.
基于GIS技术的巴中市农业气象干旱灾害风险区划 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提升干旱气象灾害风险管理和决策水平,减轻灾害造成的损失,笔者利用巴中市及其周边市、县1981—2015年的气象观测资料和历史干旱灾害资料,根据干旱发生的时段分为春旱、夏旱、伏旱、秋干、冬干,综合巴中各县区的气象、社会、自然、灾害防御及地理信息数据(1:5万)基于GIS平台,应用灾害风险评价的理论和技术,结合风险指数、自然断点和加权综合评价的方法,绘制出巴中市干旱灾害风险区划图。结果表明,巴中市农业气象干旱的风险呈现北高南低的趋势,北部高风险区较南部低风险区海拔高、河网密度小、经济水平低是其风险较高的主要原因。 相似文献
20.
为了探索鲁西平原地区灰霾灾害的发生规律,采用GIS技术、气候倾向率等方法对聊城辖区内8个气象站近53年的灰霾灾害的变化特点和特征进行分析。结果表明：53年来灰霾灾害发生趋势呈波浪态势,1961-1981年呈增加趋势,1982-2010年逐年减少,2011-2013年又急剧增长,2013年灰霾日数最多,达到157天;季节变化中以秋冬较多,夏季最少;月变化呈“V”型趋势,12月最多,1月次之,8月最少。辖区内冠县灰霾灾害出现最频繁,阳谷次之,莘县最少。加强政府间的合作、减少污染源、强化联防机制、优化城市规划、增加城市绿地以及大力发展生态农业建设等措施是防御灰霾的主要手段。 相似文献