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安定旱作区秸秆覆盖马铃薯种植模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2020,(2)
安定区马铃薯和玉米地膜覆盖种植面积大,玉米秸秆产量多,将玉米秸秆还田利用和减轻地膜污染有机结合,可实现资源高效利用和旱作农业绿色发展。该试验充分利用安定区玉米秸秆资源丰富的优势,研究探索秸秆覆盖代替地膜覆盖的可行性,减轻地膜覆盖对环境污染的压力。通过将玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖在马铃薯种植垄面,与安定区常规种植模式黑色全膜覆盖及露地种植进行比较,研究秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖起垄种植延长了马铃薯的生长期,为126 d,较秸秆黑膜双层覆盖双垄侧播种植处理延长8 d,较黑色全膜双垄侧播种植处理延长5 d,较露地起垄种植(CK)处理提早2 d。虽保墒、保温效果不及黑色全膜覆盖处理,但提高了马铃薯单株块茎数和块茎重及单位面积产量,秸秆覆盖起垄种植处理的单株块茎数、单株块茎重和大薯率分别为7.5粒、0.78 kg、73.1%,较秸秆黑膜双层覆盖双垄侧播种植处理高0.4粒、0.05 kg、6.0个百分点,较黑色全膜双垄侧播种植处理高1.4粒、0.11 kg、11.9个百分点,较露地起垄种植(CK)处理高1.7粒、0.16 kg、16.6个百分点;产量以秸秆覆盖起垄种植处理最高,为41 339 kg/hm~2,较秸秆黑膜双层覆盖双垄侧播种植处理增产5 163 kg/hm~2,增产率为14.3%,较黑色全膜双垄侧播种植处理增产9 072 kg/hm~2,增产率为28.1%,较露地起垄种植(CK)处理增产12 539 kg/hm~2,增产率为43.5%。因此,在安定旱作农业区,秸秆粉碎覆盖种植马铃薯是一种值得进一步探讨的栽培模式。 相似文献
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生物可降解地膜对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以‘紫花白’为试验材料,设置裸地(对照)、聚乙烯塑料地膜覆盖、生物可降解A膜覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖、生物可降解B膜覆盖5种覆盖栽培方式,分别于苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期采集0~20cm土层土样,于成熟期称量马铃薯块茎重量、测定土壤肥力及计算马铃薯产量,研究不同生物降解地膜对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,生物可降解A膜、玉米秸秆、生物可降解B膜覆盖均可增加土层肥力,其中生物可降解B膜覆盖效果最为显著,可提高土壤有机质2.51 g/kg、碱解氮7.24 mg/kg、有效磷16.05 mg/kg、速效钾9.68 mg/kg。各覆盖处理与裸地相比较,马铃薯块茎产量增加了6.25%、21.18%、17.07%、31.71%。因此,采用生物可降解地膜覆盖可以改善土壤肥力状况,提高马铃薯产量,且以生物可降解B膜覆盖效果最好。 相似文献
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半干旱区不同覆膜方式对土壤水分温度及马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
结合当前生产实际,在西北半干旱区旱作梯田中,以‘庄薯3号’为试验材料,对目前旱作区马铃薯不同垄播覆膜方式进行对比试验,以探索不同栽培模式对马铃薯田间土壤温度、土壤含水量、物侯期及产量的影响。结果表明:覆膜栽培的马铃薯出苗早,生长发育较快,营养生长期延长,尤其双垄全膜黑膜覆盖能优化马铃薯农艺性状,提高马铃薯的产量,降低地温,有利于马铃薯薯块的生长,在多年高温少雨的地方,覆白色地膜栽培的马铃薯不利于其产量的增加。 相似文献
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地膜覆盖技术的推广应用造成了土壤与环境的污染,对旱作农业的可持续性发展带来严重挑战。为了降低农业生产对土壤、环境的污染,探索寻求新型的绿色环保覆盖高效模式,通过运用粉碎秸秆来代替地膜,设置秸秆粉碎覆盖垄作侧播处理,与当地常规种植模式对比,研究了秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理的保温保墒效果不及黑色全膜双垄侧播处理,但能明显提高马铃薯单株粒数和单株粒重,单株粒数提高0.4个/株,单株粒重提高0.05 kg/粒,从而明显提高大薯率,大薯率相比黑色全膜双垄侧播栽培模式提高6.0个百分点,进而提高马铃薯产量。秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理下产量最高,达到41339 kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜双垄侧播处理增产14.3%,较黑色半膜覆盖侧播处理增产28.1%,较露地穴播增产43.5%。因此,秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培是一项适宜半干旱区马铃薯生产种植的绿色环保覆盖高效栽培模式。 相似文献
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安定区地膜马铃薯不同覆盖方式集雨保墒增产试验 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
安定区是全国最大的马铃薯生产县区之一,通过对地膜马铃薯不同覆盖方式集雨节水保墒增产的试验研究,选择适宜安定区马铃薯栽培的地膜覆盖方式,研究了地膜不同覆盖方式对马铃薯生物性状和产量的影响,以双垄全膜覆盖侧播处理增产保水保墒效果为最好。与对照(CK)相比,其株粒数、株粒重、大薯率分别增加1.5个、0.3 kg、62.5%;各处理产量以双垄全膜覆盖侧播的产量为最高,11 725 kg/hm2,比对照增产2 125 kg,增产率为22.14%。 相似文献
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不同膜色及覆膜方式对旱地马铃薯生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国马铃薯》2015,(4):202-208
内蒙古自治区是中国马铃薯主产区之一,马铃薯播种面积居全国第一。在内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗进行不同膜色、覆盖方式对马铃薯产量效应等研究。结果表明,蓄水保墒水能力与覆膜方式有关,与膜色并无相关关系;平抑低温变化方面,黑色膜比白色膜作用强,适应马铃薯栽培;覆膜会有助于马铃薯主茎数和结薯数的增加;覆膜种植能提高马铃薯的产量,全覆黑膜增产效果更加明显。 相似文献
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半干旱地区马铃薯不同黑膜覆盖栽培方式比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2015,(4):209-212
马铃薯已成为干旱半干旱地区的主栽作物之一,为了筛选出最佳种植模式,针对本地生产上使用范围较广的5种马铃薯不同黑膜覆盖栽培模式与露地种植进行了对比试验。通过田间观察、综合性状和实际测产等方面比较,结果表明,马铃薯黑膜全覆盖双垄侧播栽培模式综合性状优良,产量表现最佳,为26.72 t/hm2,比对照露地垄作和露地平作分别增产43.99%和54.21%。该覆膜方式经济效益显著,技术简单易行,适宜在定西市半干旱地区进行大面积推广。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
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P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献