共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 917 毫秒
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Styer KL Singh V Macosko E Steele SE Bargmann CI Aballay A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5900):460-464
A large body of evidence indicates that metazoan innate immunity is regulated by the nervous system, but the mechanisms involved in the process and the biological importance of such control remain unclear. We show that a neural circuit involving npr-1, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) related to mammalian neuropeptide Y receptors, functions to suppress innate immune responses. The immune inhibitory function requires a guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-gated ion channel encoded by tax-2 and tax-4 as well as the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35. Furthermore, we show that npr-1- and gcy-35-expressing sensory neurons actively suppress immune responses of nonneuronal tissues. A full-genome microarray analysis on animals with altered neural function due to mutation in npr-1 shows an enrichment in genes that are markers of innate immune responses, including those regulated by a conserved PMK-1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. These results present evidence that neurons directly control innate immunity in C. elegans, suggesting that GPCRs may participate in neural circuits that receive inputs from either pathogens or infected sites and integrate them to coordinate appropriate immune responses. 相似文献
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Yarovinsky F Zhang D Andersen JF Bannenberg GL Serhan CN Hayden MS Hieny S Sutterwala FS Flavell RA Ghosh S Sher A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5728):1626-1629
Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate recognition of pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs). Although TLRs are clearly involved in the detection of bacteria and viruses, relatively little is known about their function in the innate response to eukaryotic microorganisms. Here we identify a profilin-like molecule from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that generates a potent interleukin-12 (IL-12) response in murine DCs that is dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88. T. gondii profilin activates DCs through TLR11 and is the first chemically defined ligand for this TLR. Moreover, TLR11 is required in vivo for parasite-induced IL-12 production and optimal resistance to infection, thereby establishing a role for the receptor in host recognition of protozoan pathogens. 相似文献
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Bartholomay LC Waterhouse RM Mayhew GF Campbell CL Michel K Zou Z Ramirez JL Das S Alvarez K Arensburger P Bryant B Chapman SB Dong Y Erickson SM Karunaratne SH Kokoza V Kodira CD Pignatelli P Shin SW Vanlandingham DL Atkinson PW Birren B Christophides GK Clem RJ Hemingway J Higgs S Megy K Ranson H Zdobnov EM Raikhel AS Christensen BM Dimopoulos G Muskavitch MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6000):88-90
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营养和免疫的相互作用多种多样,对动物的生长和生产有着深远的影响。天然免疫系统在感染初期对机体提供保护, 同时调节很多营养代谢的变化。巨噬细胞是天然免疫细胞的主要感觉和调节细胞。前炎症细胞因子不仅针对病原体调整局部免疫,而且也改变全身代谢的动态平衡,降低采食量和生长率, 能量、氨基酸、脂肪与矿物质代谢的改变具有重要的营养意义。免疫系统产生的调节因子可改变全身的营养分配和阻止与生长有关的代谢过程。论述了在免疫应答中,能量、氨基酸、脂肪和微量元素代谢在数量方面的重要变化。 相似文献
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Bleharski JR Li H Meinken C Graeber TG Ochoa MT Yamamura M Burdick A Sarno EN Wagner M Röllinghoff M Rea TH Colonna M Stenger S Bloom BR Eisenberg D Modlin RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5639):1527-1530
Leprosy presents as a clinical and immunological spectrum of disease. With the use of gene expression profiling, we observed that a distinction in gene expression correlates with and accurately classifies the clinical form of the disease. Genes belonging to the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family were significantly up-regulated in lesions of lepromatous patients suffering from the disseminated form of the infection. In functional studies, LIR-7 suppressed innate host defense mechanisms by shifting monocyte production from interleukin-12 toward interleukin-10 and by blocking antimicrobial activity triggered by Toll-like receptors. Gene expression profiles may be useful in defining clinical forms of disease and providing insights into the regulation of immune responses to pathogens. 相似文献
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Biragyn A Ruffini PA Leifer CA Klyushnenkova E Shakhov A Chertov O Shirakawa AK Farber JM Segal DM Oppenheim JJ Kwak LW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5595):1025-1029
beta-Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system produced in response to microbial infection of mucosal tissue and skin. We demonstrate that murine beta-defensin 2 (mDF2beta) acts directly on immature dendritic cells as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), inducing up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and dendritic cell maturation. These events, in turn, trigger robust, type 1 polarized adaptive immune responses in vivo, suggesting that mDF2beta may play an important role in immunosurveillance against pathogens and, possibly, self antigens or tumor antigens. 相似文献
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Waterhouse RM Kriventseva EV Meister S Xi Z Alvarez KS Bartholomay LC Barillas-Mury C Bian G Blandin S Christensen BM Dong Y Jiang H Kanost MR Koutsos AC Levashina EA Li J Ligoxygakis P Maccallum RM Mayhew GF Mendes A Michel K Osta MA Paskewitz S Shin SW Vlachou D Wang L Wei W Zheng L Zou Z Severson DW Raikhel AS Kafatos FC Dimopoulos G Zdobnov EM Christophides GK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5832):1738-1743
Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic and viral diseases of immense importance for public health. The acquisition of the genome sequence of the yellow fever and Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Aa), has enabled a comparative phylogenomic analysis of the insect immune repertoire: in Aa, the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (Ag), and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Dm). Analysis of immune signaling pathways and response modules reveals both conservative and rapidly evolving features associated with different functional gene categories and particular aspects of immune reactions. These dynamics reflect in part continuous readjustment between accommodation and rejection of pathogens and suggest how innate immunity may have evolved. 相似文献
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蚕桑生产是我国的传统优势产业,但蚕病却给养蚕业造成很大的损失。由于产业发展的需要,家蚕的免疫防御机制是人们长期关注的热点。家蚕虽然不具有人类高度专一的获得性免疫,但具有对病原微生物感染作出快速有效应答的先天性免疫系统。家蚕受到微生物的感染后,体内会合成抗菌肽,然后抗菌肽被分泌到血淋巴中去消灭病原体。其中,模式识别受体、免疫信号传导途径以及抗菌肽在体液免疫中起着非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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在面对病原微生物的侵袭时,植物用2类先天性免疫系统对侵染做出免疫应答,第一类内免疫系统能识别很多种类微生物的共有分子并对其做出应答,第二类是对病原体分泌的毒力效应因子产生应答反应。该文根据最近的研究发现对植物免疫病原微生物的作用机理及研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Membrane traffic in activated macrophages is required for two critical events in innate immunity: proinflammatory cytokine secretion and phagocytosis of pathogens. We found a joint trafficking pathway linking both actions, which may economize membrane transport and augment the immune response. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is trafficked from the Golgi to the recycling endosome (RE), where vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 mediates its delivery to the cell surface at the site of phagocytic cup formation. Fusion of the RE at the cup simultaneously allows rapid release of TNFalpha and expands the membrane for phagocytosis. 相似文献
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Wang XH Aliyari R Li WX Li HW Kim K Carthew R Atkinson P Ding SW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5772):452-454
Innate immunity against bacterial and fungal pathogens is mediated by Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) pathways, but little is known about the antiviral response in Drosophila. Here, we demonstrate that an RNA interference pathway protects adult flies from infection by two evolutionarily diverse viruses. Our work also describes a molecular framework for the viral immunity, in which viral double-stranded RNA produced during infection acts as the pathogen trigger whereas Drosophila Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 act as host sensor and effector, respectively. These findings establish a Drosophila model for studying the innate immunity against viruses in animals. 相似文献
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【目的】通过测定先天性免疫效应因子分泌水平的变化,研究鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）体外对巨噬细胞先天性免疫应答调节的影响。【方法】将培养好的鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞分为4组,分别用PBS（CT组,对照组）、Escherichia coli K88（EC组）和Lactobacillus rhamnosus（LR组）处理12 h,以及先用Lactobacillus rhamnosus预处理1 h,再用Escherichia coli K88处理12 h（LR-EC组）。试验结束时,收集各组的细胞培养液,用ELISA检测TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、IL-8、IL-10,以及PGE2和 的含量。【结果】结果表明,CT组（对照组）可产生TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-8和IL-10,几乎不产生IL-1β、IL-6和IL-12。与对照组相比,EC组TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-8、IL-10及PGE2和 含量均极显著提高（P＜0.01）,且可大量产生IL-1β、IL-6和IL-12;LR组TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10及PGE2和 也极显著提高（P＜0.01）,IL-8显著增加（P＜0.05）,同样不产生IL-1β和IL-6,但可产生微量的IL-12（P＜0.01）;LR-EC组所有的促炎细胞因子（TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12）、趋化因子IL-8和PGE2均极显著高于EC组（P＜0.01）,但IL-10和 含量都显著低于EC组（P＜0.01）。【结论】在体外试验条件下,鼠李糖乳杆菌作为益生菌对生理状态下巨噬细胞先天性免疫应答的刺激作用远低于病原菌,不会产生炎症反应,但可极大增强受感染巨噬细胞的促炎免疫应答水平,且可能具有避免过度炎症反应的作用。 相似文献
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Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Christophides GK Zdobnov E Barillas-Mury C Birney E Blandin S Blass C Brey PT Collins FH Danielli A Dimopoulos G Hetru C Hoa NT Hoffmann JA Kanzok SM Letunic I Levashina EA Loukeris TG Lycett G Meister S Michel K Moita LF Müller HM Osta MA Paskewitz SM Reichhart JM Rzhetsky A Troxler L Vernick KD Vlachou D Volz J von Mering C Xu J Zheng L Bork P Kafatos FC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):159-165
We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire. 相似文献
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Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 plays an important role in the innate immune system and has been involved in resistance/ susceptibility to a number of diseases as revealed by studies in human and other domestic animals.Wild boar survives in natural environment without artificial interference and may be different from domestic pig in innate immune system.Here,the complete coding sequence of TLR4 and TLR4A was cloned in wild boar,and two other alternative splicing variants,TLR4B and TLR4C,were obtained.Compared to the counterpart from domestic pig (GenBank No.AJ628065),there were five SNPs,c.510T＞C,c.960A＞G,c.962A＞G,c.1605T＞G and c.1824A＞G,in the coding sequence of wild boar TLR4A gene.TLR4 gene was expressed in all the tissues from wild boar studied with the most abundance in spleen tissue,and mRNA level was significantly lower in spleen from wild boar than that from Min pig.The allele distribution was significantly different at polymorphic loci c.962G＞A and c.1027C＞A (p＜0.01) between wild boar and Min pig.The results would contribute to understand the innate immune system in wild boar. 相似文献
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M Oldenburg A Krüger R Ferstl A Kaufmann G Nees A Sigmund B Bathke H Lauterbach M Suter S Dreher U Koedel S Akira T Kawai J Buer H Wagner S Bauer H Hochrein CJ Kirschning 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1111-1115
Host protection from infection relies on the recognition of pathogens by innate pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we show that the orphan receptor TLR13 in mice recognizes a conserved 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence that is the binding site of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin group (MLS) antibiotics (including erythromycin) in bacteria. Notably, 23S rRNA from clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and synthetic oligoribonucleotides carrying methylated adenosine or a guanosine mimicking a MLS resistance-causing modification failed to stimulate TLR13. Thus, our results reveal both a natural TLR13 ligand and specific mechanisms of antibiotic resistance as potent bacterial immune evasion strategy, avoiding recognition via TLR13. 相似文献