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1.
Giancarlo Avallone Damiano Stefanello Roberta Ferrari Paola Roccabianca 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(1):3-8
Subcutaneous spindle cell tumours characterized by whorling growth patterns are common in dogs and are identified as a distinct entity. These tumours were misnamed as hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) because of some minor morphological parallels with their human counterparts. In veterinary medicine, the cell of origin of HPC has been under debate for a long time. Some authors have suggested a perivascular origin while others a perineural one. The evidence of the orientation of the neoplastic cells around the vessels and the expression of contractile proteins supported a perivascular origin while S100 expression and an inconsistent vascular connection supported a perineural origin. Despite the morphological similarities with peripheral nerve sheath tumours in humans, the perineural origin was supported mainly by the expression of markers with low specificity. On the contrary, the majority of studies have supported the perivascular origin of ‘old’ canine HPC. Since a variable degree of myoid‐pericytic differentiation was described, the term perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) were suggested to substitute HPC. Once the diagnostic criteria of PWTs were defined, the clinical behaviour and prognostic variables were investigated, demonstrating differences as compared with the group of canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in general. PWTs are less aggressive, mostly locally invasive, and rarely metastasizing. Their behaviour seems to be less influenced by histological grade, suggesting that canine STSs are heterogeneous. The study of the biological behaviour of specific STS tumour types may be valuable in detecting differences which have passed unnoticed when STSs have been studied concomitantly. 相似文献
2.
The use of novel lymphatic endothelial cell‐specific immunohistochemical markers to differentiate cutaneous angiosarcomas in dogs 
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下载免费PDF全文 C. H. C. Halsey D. R. Worley K. Curran J. B. Charles E. J. Ehrhart 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2016,14(3):236-244
Lymphangiosarcomas are uncommon vascular neoplasms that arise from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). They efface and replace normal subcutaneous tissue and are characterised by arborising, vascular channels lined by a single layer of pleomorphic endothelial cells and a paucity of erythrocytes. Lymphangiosarcomas are architecturally similar to hemangiosarcomas, a common malignancy of vascular origin arising from blood vascular endothelial cells. Common immunohistochemical markers for vascular endothelium, such as Factor VIII‐related antigen (F8RA) and CD31, have traditionally been used to confirm the diagnosis of tumours of vascular origin. However, these markers fail to differentiate between lymphangiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma, which often show overlapping morphologic features, disparate clinical behaviour and require different treatment modalities. Here we describe the use of two novel LEC‐specific markers, lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor‐1 (LYVE‐1) and prospero‐related homeobox gene‐1 (PROX‐1), to further differentiate between vascular tumours of lymphatic (lymphangiosarcoma) and blood (hemangiosarcoma) endothelial cell origin in the dog. 相似文献
3.
During the past decade, the vascular biology of cancer has become a highly interesting research field. To assess tumour vascularity and perfusion, various strategies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have been investigated. Over the last years, important advances have taken place in the Doppler technology which dramatically improved its ability to evaluate the vascular system, even small and deep vessels. Doppler sonography provides a non‐invasive means to assess the extent and morphology of tumour vascularity. This information is clinically important regarding diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment, particularly in connection with the development of novel angiogenesis inhibitors. This article describes the different Doppler technologies most commonly used in human and experimental animal oncology. Based on in vivo tumour models and extensive clinical experience in humans, their significance and potential clinical applications are illustrated. First clinical reports in veterinary medicine are also reviewed. 相似文献
4.
Surgical resection of a dysgerminoma in a mare 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed transient abdominal pain after surgery, but developed no other complications and was in foal 7 months later. On histology, the mass was diagnosed as a dysgerminoma, a rare ovarian tumour of germ cell origin. 相似文献
5.
Bertagnolli AC Soares P van Asch B Amorim A Cirnes L Máximo V Cassali GD 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):269-274
The aim of this study was to investigate if mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop fragment control region of canine mammary mixed tumours could be used as clonal markers that identified the cell population of origin. Ten benign mixed mammary tumours and nine carcinomas arising from benign mixed tumours were microdissected and DNA from epithelial and mesenchymal tumour cells and from normal mammary tissue was examined for sequence variations in a fragment of the hypervariable control region.Identical sequence variants in both the epithelial and mesenchymal components (as well as in the corresponding normal tissue) were found in 80% of the benign mixed tumours and in 89% of the carcinomas arising from benign mixed tumours suggesting a shared clonal origin. The distinctive sequence alterations identified in the epithelial and mesenchymal components of 15.8% of all 19 tumours examined, suggests the possibility that a minority of mammary tumours are polyclonal in origin or that early clonal divergence occurs. Increased mutation within the mtDNA D-loop fragment of mixed tumour components was not observed. 相似文献
6.
R. Uyama T. Nakagawa S.-H. Hong M. Mochizuki R. Nishimura N. Sasaki 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2006,4(2):104-113
Four new pairs of canine mammary carcinoma cell lines derived from both primary and metastatic lesions were established. The cells were cultured in RPMI‐1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum and they showed stable growth for more than 120 passages. Using these cell lines, the expression of E‐cadherin was measured by flow cytometry and the function of E‐cadherin was evaluated by cell aggregation assay and results from the primary and metastatic lesions were compared statistically. E‐cadherin was strongly expressed in all of the cell lines, without a notable difference between cells of primary and metastatic origin. In the cell aggregation assay, the function of E‐cadherin was significantly weaker in the cells of primary origin (p < 0.05), as compared with cells of metastatic origin. The present results suggest that a reduction in E‐cadherin function may be implicated in the invasive and metastatic potential of canine mammary tumour cells; however, further study will be needed to clarify E‐cadherin function in the context of the metastasis of canine mammary carcinoma. 相似文献
7.
B H Thorp 《Research in veterinary science》1986,40(2):231-235
The vascular pattern of the proximal femur and its importance in the aetiology of coxofemoral conditions has been established in many species, including man. In the avian femur, vascular lesions have been associated with pathological conditions. Ninety-six laying strain chicks were reared from day-old until 20 weeks. Birds were killed throughout the growth period and specimens were prepared for study. The origin and nature of epiphyseal vascular canals was established. Three principal stages of development occurred, namely growth plate formation, the growth period and the cessation of growth. Transphyseal vessels are described in the day-old chick to which a nutritive function is ascribed. Anastomosis did not occur between epiphyseal vascular canals. The epiphyseal vascular canals are grouped according to their source. 相似文献
8.
The clinical signs and histopathological features of a primary extragenital canine transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) are described. Three subcutaneous round alopecic nodules were located on the anterior and caudal dorsal region and in the ventral area of the neck. Cytologically, tumour cells were intermediate in size with a moderate amount of cytoplasm, and the nuclei were immature with finely reticular chromatin. The cytoplasm was lightly to heavily basophilic and contained distinct small vacuoles at the periphery. On the basis of these characteristics, a diagnosis of TVT was made and confirmed by histological and ultrastructural investigations. Leishmania amastigotes were detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages and neoplastic cells of the tumoral mass. The presence of the parasite within neoplastic cells is consistent with a histiocytic origin of TVT. 相似文献
9.
A 17‐year‐old gelding was presented with mild to moderate signs of colic. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an intussusception of ileum and jejunum into the caecum. The starting point of the intussusception was an intramural mass in the jejunum. Half a metre of jejunum was resected and the horse recovered without complications. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a myxoma with no myogenic or neurogenic origin. 相似文献
10.
Vascular changes at various stages of growth of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced mammary adenocarcinomas in 22 female Sprague‐Dawley rats were investigated using histology, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of corrosion casts. In the early stage of tumour growth, capillaries within the neoplasms were thin, with 8–10 μm diameter, and characterized by rows of vascular sprouts representing extensive neovascularization and formation of a high‐density capillary plexus. In the intermediate stage of tumour growth, the growing tumour was multi‐nodular and tumour cells were arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern. Capillaries formed spheroid vascular capsules and were characterized by dilation, to a diameter of 10–80 μm, and blind ends. In the late stage of tumour growth, a remarkable reduction in the number of vascular endothelial growth factor‐positive cells and Ki‐67‐stained nuclei was demonstrated. The tunica media of nutritive arteries displayed a tendency to atrophy. Many arteriovenous anastomoses between the major arteries and the veins were found in regions just before their entry into the tumour. The central regions of the tumour were degenerative and necrotic, and vasculature was confined to surface regions of the tumour, forming a basket‐like configuration around the avascular central regions. Resin leakages representing haemorrhage or oedema and distortions such as flattening, break‐off and strangulations of capillaries were frequently observed, all of which are known as late tumour signs. We concluded that these microvascular alterations might change the homogeneity of tumour perfusion and contribute to necrosis in central portions of the tumour. 相似文献
11.
Mario Ricciardi Rosmara Martino Eyad Abu Assad 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(2):190-194
The computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of a celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) in a 1‐year‐old dog with primary hypoplasia of the portal vein (PHPV) are described. Computed tomography angiography revealed acquired porto‐systemic shunts secondary to portal hypertension and a common origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries. The imaging findings and the association of a CMT with other vascular diseases have never been reported in dogs. The recognition of this rare arterial anomaly should prompt to investigate possible concurrent vascular diseases and may influence the planning of abdominal surgeries. 相似文献
12.
Angiosarcomas arising in ocular tissues of four aging horses are described. Tumors were locally invasive and eventually metastasized via the mandibular and cervical lymph nodes. Pathologically, the tumors contained well-differentiated regions, in which vascular channels were lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells, as well as poorly-differentiated regions, in which vascular channels were either rudimentary or absent. Red blood cells were scare in vascular structures formed by the tumors. Factor VIII related antigen (VIII:RAg), a blood vascular endothelial marker, was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in tumor cells in both the well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated regions. The results suggest that ocular tumors arose in blood vascular endothelium and represented true hemangiosarcomas although a lymphatic endothelial origin could not be excluded. Immunohistochemical demonstration of VIII:RAg is a valuable adjunct to conventional stains in the diagnosis of equine vascular neoplasia. 相似文献
13.
D. De Zani D. D. Zani S. Borgonovo M. Di Giancamillo M. Rondena F. Verschooten 《Equine Veterinary Education》2011,23(3):138-141
An Italian Saddle Horse mare was admitted for a hard, nonpainful mass localised in the cervical region. Clinical and diagnostic investigations were performed, which were suggestive of a multilobulated ossifying mass of neoplastic origin. Due to poor prognosis the horse was subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem computed tomography, anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were used to make a definitive diagnosis of undifferentiated sarcoma in the cervical region. 相似文献
14.
R. Drees H. Hünigen S. Wagner J. Schnorr J. Plendl M. Taupitz 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2008,6(3):151-161
The peripheral washout sign was first described in delayed dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) using a small molecular contrast medium in solid lesions of the human breast and liver. It was found to be 100% specific for malignant lesions and could therefore potentially be used as an additional noninvasive diagnostic tool differentiating malignant from benign lesions. The origin of this phenomenon has not yet been explained. The objective of this study was to translate the peripheral washout sign as seen in solid tumours in delayed DCE‐MRI in human onto an animal model for further assessment of DCE‐MRI characteristics and histological analysis. Small molecular contrast medium DCE‐MRI was performed over 42 min in experimental colon carcinoma grown subcutaneously in rats. Qualitative and quantitative analyses for evaluation of presence and characteristics of the peripheral washout sign were accomplished, defining four centripetally distributed tumour zones (central, intermediate, peripheral and marginal). One hundred per cent of the carcinomas demonstrated a peripheral washout sign in DCE‐MRI starting at 20 min after bolus injection. Histomorphological analysis was performed for tissue classification and evaluation of microvasculature. Quantitative analysis revealed different enhancement profiles of the four tumour zones. Histology indicated centripetally asymmetric vascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 expression within the tumour tissue. Thus, peripheral washout sign can be translated to an animal model. However, comparison of small molecular contrast medium DCE‐MRI with histology revealed that histology alone does not explain the occurrence of the peripheral washout. 相似文献
15.
In order for a tumour to continue to grow and disseminate, it must acquire a new blood supply. Neovascularisation can be enacted by a number of different mechanisms. This dependence of tumour progression on an augmented vascular supply has been exploited by the development of anti‐angiogenic drugs, which are designed to inhibit new blood vessel formation or disrupt existing tumour‐associated vasculature, both leading to ischaemic–hypoxic tumour cell death. However, the clinical benefits of these therapeutic approaches are frequently variable and often transient, the neoplasm sometimes being able to use other neovascularisation mechanisms to maintain its blood supply and thus evade the current anti‐angiogenic therapy. Tumours may also develop a more malignant phenotype following this treatment. Clinical outcomes may be improved by simultaneously inhibiting different angiogenic pathways, abetted by more effective drug delivery regimens such as metronomic chemotherapy and the concurrent use of other antitumour modalities. 相似文献
16.
MULTIDETECTOR‐ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PATTERNS OF BRONCHOESPHAGEAL ARTERY HYPERTROPHY AND SYSTEMIC‐TO‐PULMONARY FISTULA IN DOGS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Gianluca Ledda Marco Caldin Giorgia Mezzalira Giovanna Bertolini 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(4):347-358
Anomalies involving arterial branches in the lungs are one of the causes of hemoptysis in humans and dogs. Congenital and acquired patterns of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy have been reported in humans based on CT characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe clinical, echocardiographic, and multidetector computed tomography features of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy and systemic‐to‐pulmonary arterial communications in a sample of 14 dogs. Two main vascular patterns were identified in dogs that resembled congenital and acquired conditions reported in humans. Pattern 1 appeared as an aberrant origin of the right bronchoesophageal artery, normal origin of the left one, and enlargement of both the bronchial and esophageal branches that formed a dense network terminating in a pulmonary artery through an orifice. Pattern 2 appeared as a normal origin of both right and left bronchoesophageal arteries, with an enlarged and tortuous course along the bronchi to the periphery of the lung, where they communicated with subsegmental pulmonary arteries. Dogs having Pattern 1 also had paraesophageal and esophageal varices, with the latter being confirmed by videoendoscopy examination. Authors conclude that dogs with Pattern 1 should be differentiated from dogs with other congenital vascular systemic‐to‐pulmonary connections. Dogs having Pattern 2 should be evaluated for underlying pleural or pulmonary diseases. Bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy can be accompanied by esophageal venous engorgement and should be included in the differential diagnosis for esophageal and paraesophageal varices in dogs. 相似文献
17.
The clinical and pathological features of four cases of feline intestinal haemangiosarcoma are described. All cases were in domestic shorthaired cats and the mean age of the animals (n=3) was 13 years. The tumours originated in the colon, small intestine, ileocaecocolic junction or rectum. The rectal tumour was juxtaposed with an adjacent mast cell neoplasm. Metastasis to mesenteric lymph node occurred in two cases, and in one of these cats there was also abdominal seeding. The histopathological appearance was of a spindle cell neoplasm with vascular differentiation in each case. Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen, an endothelial cell marker, confirmed all four tumours to be of endothelial origin. The neoplastic endothelial cells lining irregular vascular channels were more likely to express the antigen than those forming denser sheets without obvious vascular differentiation. 相似文献
18.
B H Thorp 《Research in veterinary science》1988,44(1):100-111
The origin and nature of vascular canals in the distal tibiotarsus and proximal tarsometatarsus of the fowl have been described. The vascular pattern was modified at different stages of growth and there were anastomoses between epiphyseal vascular canals in the proximal tarsometatarsus. Such anastomoses are not seen in other bone extremities of the fowl and their presence may be a consequence of the incorporation of tarsal elements in proximal tarsometatarsi. In all the distal tibiotarsi examined, a third epiphyseal ossification centre was present. The pattern of metaphyseal vessels in the distal tibiotarsus and proximal tarsometatarsus was altered in some young chicks. This finding may be the result of abnormal angulation of the intertarsal joint which would result in uneven joint loading. 相似文献
19.
K. Shiomitsu C. L. Johnson D. E. Malarkey A. F. Pruitt D. E. Thrall 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2009,7(2):106-114
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways play a role in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) and of VEGF is effective in increasing the radiation responsiveness of neoplastic cells both in vitro and in human trials. In this study, immunohistochemical evaluation was employed to determine and characterize the potential protein expression levels and patterns of EGFR and VEGF in a variety of canine malignant epithelial nasal tumours. Of 24 malignant canine nasal tumours, 13 (54.2%) were positive for EGFR staining and 22 (91.7%) were positive for VEGF staining. The intensity and percentage of immunohistochemically positive neoplastic cells for EGFR varied. These findings indicate that EGFR and VEGF proteins were present in some malignant epithelial nasal tumours in the dogs, and therefore, it may be beneficial to treat canine patients with tumours that overexpress EGFR and VEGF with specific inhibitors in conjunction with radiation. 相似文献
20.
Brudnicki W 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(5):358-361
The pattern and variation of the brain base arteries were investigated in 30 specimens of European otter. It was found that the vascular pattern in this species is similar to the vascular pattern found in other Carnivora. A very well-developed basilar artery, which was formed as a result of the anastomosis of equally well-developed vertebral arteries and the ventral spinal artery, was demonstrated to be characteristic of the species. Most of the variation in the pattern of origin concerned the origin of the middle cerebral arteries and labyrinthine arteries. In a single individual, a double middle cerebral artery was observed. Overall, the specimens demonstrated a clear regularity in the pattern of vessels in the base of the brain and a small range of variation. 相似文献