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荧光技术在蚕品种选育中的应用 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
利用蚕茧荧光显色技术，把苏５、苏６母种蚕茧中黄白荧光色茧连续四代三次选育，后代黄白荧光色蚕茧所占比例明显增大，蚕茧解舒率较选育前有显著提高。 相似文献
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1纯种选育
1．1地方品种
该品种具有较一致的体型外貌和较高的生产性能,并具有稳定的遗传性。为了进一步提高其生产性能,促使其体型外貌更趋于一致,需采用纯种选育的方法,来巩固和提高某些优良性状的特性,此法也称为良种选育。如我国优良地方品种秦川牛、南阳牛、晋南牛、鲁西牛、延边牛、复州牛、郏县红牛和渤海黑牛等,通过纯种选育,可以逐步纠正外貌结构上的一些缺点,提高其生产性能。 相似文献
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随着畜牧改良工作的发展,尤其是各品种的杂交选育,国外品种的引入,使纯种的地方畜禽遗传资源受到前所未有的挑战,畜禽遗传资源多样性也受到严重成胁。金华猪是国家级重点保护的78个地方畜禽品种之一,是我国适于腌制优质火腿的肉脂型地方品种,所腌制的金华火腿,色、香、味、形俱佳,驰名中外,因此,加强金华猪的保护和开发具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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Background
A retrospective study was made to demonstrate normal variations of the color and size of the tapetal area and color of the nontapetal area in the ocular fundus in dogs, correlating them to breed, age and coat color.Methods
The study was based on protocols of five hundred and thirty-nine adult dogs describing eye examinations made during the years 1997-2001. The dogs were examined using an indirect ophthalmoscope in order to find heritable eye diseases. The following characteristics were recorded: breed; age; coat color; color and size of the tapetal area and color of the nontapetal area. Normal color variations in the fundus were studied and categorized with regard to breed, age and coat color. Chi-square analysis was used comparing distributions between factors. Differences between mean values were analysed with Student''s t-test or one-way-ANOVA. A logistic regression analysis was performed on the color of the tapetal area with the color of the coat and breed.Results
Twenty breeds were represented. The mean age was 42.8 months. The most common colors of the tapetal area were yellow-green and orange, and the most common colors of the nontapetal area were dark brown and black. The analysis revealed that coat-color and breed concomitantly did not significantly influence tapetal color. Brown coated dogs often had a striped red and brown nontapetal area. The color of the tapetal area influenced the color of the nontapetal area. Smaller-sized breeds (such as Papillon) had a smaller tapetal area. A tapetal area was completely absent in 1.9%. The age did not influence the color of the tapetal area.Conclusions
Color of the tapetal area was influenced by both coat color and breed, but neither of these was statistically more influential than the other. The color of the tapetal area influenced the color of the nontapetal area. The size of the tapetal area correlated to breed and to body size. 相似文献12.
Congenital hereditary sensorineural deafness is the most common form of deafness in dogs. The objectives of this study were to determine a reliable measure of the prevalence of deafness in Jack Russell terriers, an affected breed, and associations between deafness and phenotypic characteristics. Brainstem auditory evoked response recordings and phenotypic parameters (coat color, coat texture, sex, eye color, sire and dam hearing status) were recorded for 1009 Jack Russell terriers. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral deafness was 3.57% and 0.50%, respectively, lower by a factor of three to four than in earlier reports based on smaller and closely related kindreds. Significant association with deafness was identified with white coat color and parental hearing status, but not with sex or coat type. Lack of significant sex or coat type associations and the significant association with white coat color are consistent with previous reports. In conclusion the prevalence of deafness in Jack Russell terriers is lower than initially reported. Deafness was associated with white coat color and parental hearing status. The association with parental hearing status supports this form of deafness being a heritable trait in the breed and the association with white coat color supports an inheritance linked to pigmentation genes. 相似文献
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马毛色是品种鉴定和个体识别的重要依据。马 KIT 基因位于3号染色体,KIT 基因突变影响马毛色及毛色的分布。对德保矮马和哈萨克马69个个体的 KIT 基因21个外显子及部分内含子直接测序,共发现了5个SNPs,其中1个位于5'-UTR区（g.91214T>G）,1个位于内含子20 （g.171356C>G）,另外3个分别位于外显子15、20和21(g.164297C>T;g.170189C>T;g.171471G>A,p.Ala960Thr)。用PCR-RFLP方法对69个个体进行分型,发现外显子15有3种基因型TT、CT、CC;外显子20有3种基因型TT、CT、CC;外显子21有2种基因型GG与GA,且均为野生型占优势。德保矮马 KIT 基因多态性比哈萨克马更丰富。 相似文献
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畜禽品种资源的多样性是多样性的重要组成部分,其多样性的保护直接关系到畜牧业可持续发展,攸关到人类社会的政治经济生活。本研究重点调查了北京市地方畜禽品种的状况,并按照群体近交系数的大小以及相应有效群体大小的方法分析评价了畜禽品种资源的受胁程度,研究发现北京市目前的6个地方品种资源中,除了北京鸭、本地小尾绵羊和本地山羊以外,其余的三个畜禽品种资源北京油鸡、本地黄牛和本地兔都受到了不同程度的威胁。其中本地黄牛和本地兔所受到威胁最为严重,为“严重威胁”的等级,北京油鸡处在“最低威胁程度等级”。 相似文献
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试验的目的是比较高海拔地区改良黄牛与本地黄牛血液生化指标和肉品质的差异。从血液中氨基酸的含量来看．本地黄牛蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸5种氨基酸的含量均显著高于改良黄牛（P〈0．05）；色氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸10种氨基酸的含量，本地黄牛均高于改良黄牛，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；苏氨酸、谷氨酸和脯氨酸3种氨基酸的含量，本地黄牛均低于改良黄牛的含量，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；本地黄牛的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量均高于改良黄牛（P〉0．05）。从血液生理生化指标上来看，总胆固醇、尿素氮、总抗氧化能力3项指标，本地黄牛显著大于改良黄牛（P〈0．05）；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的指标含量，本地黄牛高于改良黄牛，且极显著（P〈0．01）；补体第四成分、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、IgA、IgG、IgM、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、脂蛋白胆固醇9项指标．本地黄牛均高于改良黄牛，但不显著（P〉0．05）；极低密度脂蛋白、C3、总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶4项指标，本地黄牛均低于改良黄牛．但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。从肉品质上来看，改良黄牛和本地黄牛的大理石纹评分、眼肌面积、剪切力、蒸煮损失等指标均无显著差异（p〉0．05）。 相似文献
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被毛颜色作为一个直观且易被识别的重要经济性状,在水貂优良品种培育过程中备受关注。不同毛色皮张的品质和价格也存在一定的差异,因此,探明水貂毛色遗传机理已成为育种者不可避免的问题。作者从遗传学角度对水貂的毛色进行分类,对决定其毛色性状的黑素亲和素（MLPH）、溶酶体转运调节基因（LYST）、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（TYRP1）、小眼畸形相关转录因子（MITF）、酪氨酸酶（TYR）、刺鼠信号蛋白（ASIP）、内皮素受体（EDNRB）基因与配对盒基因3（Pax3）转录因子的DNA序列变异与毛色表型之间的关系进行了综述,并概述了中国在培育水貂优良品种方面取得的重要成果,以期为今后系统性研究水貂毛色形成机理、制定育种目标与方案及新色型品种的选育提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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七个鸡种蛋品质比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鸡蛋品质是鸡蛋生产者和消费者都非常关注的性状,为分析蛋品质在鸡种内及鸡种间的差异,本试验测定了5个地方鸡种和2个国外蛋鸡品种各30个蛋共12项常规蛋品质指标。分析结果表明:遗传背景对蛋品质影响较大,2个国外鸡种的蛋重、哈氏单位等指标高于地方鸡种,而地方鸡种在蛋形指数、蛋壳质量、蛋黄颜色以及蛋黄比率上占优,国内蛋用鸡种改良可以选择蛋黄性状为重点选育方向。7个鸡种中,海兰白蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重是最大的,但海兰褐蛋鸡却与之完全相反,两者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。从品种内差异角度来看,商业化鸡种蛋品质变异系数小,国内鸡种整齐度有待进一步提高。 相似文献
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为了解广东地方品种鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)净化情况,利用ALV-p27特异性抗原检测、病毒分离、PCR扩增和全基因组测序分析等方法,从广东某地方品种鸡群中分离鉴定出1株ALV-J,命名为GDYH-Y1。全基因组序列分析表明,GDYH-Y1分离株的LTR、gag和pol基因相对保守,而3′UTR和gp85基因变异较大,其中gp85基因与ALV-J参考毒株序列同源性仅为87.5%~92.8%,3′UTR区的rTM出现大量碱基缺失,遗传进化分析表明GDYH-Y1分离株与美国白羽肉鸡源分离株ADOL-7501亲缘关系最近。研究为广东地方品种鸡ALV-J净化效果提供数据参考,为分析广东地方品种鸡ALV-J毒株的分子特征和变异趋势提供了重要的数据资料。 相似文献
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波德代杂种一代羊肉品质特性研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
选取 7月龄的当地土种公羔和羯羔、波德代杂种公羔和羯羔各 5只 ,取肉样对肉品质进行分析。结果表明 :波德代杂种羔羊肉嫩度剪切值显著低于土种羔羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ;波德代杂种羯羔的熟肉率显著高于其它试验组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;土种羯羔的失水率极显著高于土种公羔和波德代羯羔 (P <0 0 1) ;波德代杂种羔羊肉色鲜红、肌间脂肪含量高、多汁性好 ,嫩度适宜 ,氨基酸种类齐全 ,营养成分全面 ,对当地土种羊在肉品质方面有良好的改良作用。 相似文献