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为了阐明神经内分泌因子在奶牛肝脂蛋白组装与转运过程中的调控作用,通过向体外培养的新生犊牛肝细胞添加胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦蛋白,采用内对照RT-PCR方法检测神经内分泌因子对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)mRNA丰度的影响。结果显示,随着细胞培养液中胰岛素和胰高血糖素浓度升高,MTP mRNA的丰度呈现剂量依赖性下降(P<0.01);随着瘦蛋白浓度的增加,MTP mRNA的丰度先升高后降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。这表明胰岛素和胰高血糖素对肝细胞MTP mRNA表达具有抑制作用,呈现剂量依赖性;瘦蛋白对肝细胞MTP mRNA表达具有低剂量促进而高剂量抑制的双重作用,且均呈现剂量依赖性。 相似文献
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在成功构建牛肝细胞培养模型和PC基因DNA竞争模板的基础上，采用竞争RT—PCR方法检测了丙酸钠和丙酮酸钠对体外培养新生牛单层肝细胞PC基因mRNA丰度的影响。结果，随着丙酸钠浓度的升高，PC基因mRNA水平呈上升趋势，PC基因mRNA对丙酸钠的耐受范围较广；随着丙酮酸钠浓度的升高PC基因mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的趋势。结果表明，肝细胞内PC基因mRNA的表达水平受丙酮酸钠浓度的调控，在一定范围内丙酮酸钠对PC基因mRNA的转录具有促进作用，而浓度过高时则起抑制作用。 相似文献
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为阐明神经内分泌因子胰岛素(In)、胰高血糖素(GLN)、瘦素(LEP)在奶牛肝糖代谢、脂代谢中的调控作用，应用实时荧光定量PCR ( real time fluorescent quantitative PCR)法观察了神经内分泌因子对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞胰高血糖素受体（glucagon receptor，GLNR）mRNA丰度的影响。结果显示：随着培养液中In的升高，GLNR mRNA表达逐渐增加（P<0.01）；随着培养液中GLN浓度的升高，GLNR mRNA表达逐渐降低（P<0.01）；而随着培养液中LEP浓度的升高，GLNR mRNA的表达呈现先升高后降低的趋势（P<0.01）。表明：神经内分泌因子In、GLN、LEP直接调控奶牛肝脏GLNR mRNA的表达。 相似文献
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在应用实时荧光定量PCR法观察胰岛素(In)、胰高血糖素(GLN)、神经肽(NPY)对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞硬脂酰CoA去饱和酶(Stearoyl CoA desaturase,SCD) mRNA丰度的影响.结果显示,随着培养液中In含量的升高,肝细胞中的SCD mRNA表达逐渐升高(P＜0.05),呈现明显的剂量依赖促进效应;随着培养液中GLN含量的升高,肝细胞SCD mRNA丰度表达逐渐减弱,高血糖素处理组SCD mRNA表达均极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);而随着NPY质量浓度在0～1 000 ng/L之间逐渐上升,肝细胞SCDmRNA的表达水平不断升高,各处理组显著高于对照组,除50 ng/L处理组和500 ng/L处理组之间差异不显著外,其他处理组之间差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明,胰岛素和神经肽Y促进SCD mRNA表达,胰高血糖素抑制SCD mRNA表达. 相似文献
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为阐明神经内分泌因子胰岛素（In）、胰高血糖素（GLN）、瘦素（LEP）和代谢产物非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟丁酸（BHBA）、葡萄糖（GLU）在奶牛肝糖代谢、脂代谢中的调控作用，应用荧光定量PCR（fluorescent quantitative PCR）法观察了神经内分泌因子、代谢产物对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞胰高血糖素受体（glucagon receptor，GLNR）mRNA丰度的影响。结果显示：随着培养液中In、NEFA、BHBA和GLU的升高，GI。NRmRNA表达逐渐增加（P〈0．01）；随着培养液中GLN浓度的升高，GLNRmRNA表达逐渐降低（P〈0．01）；而随着培养液中瘦素浓度的升高，GLNRmRNA的表达呈先升高后降低的趋势（P〈0．01）。表明：神经内分泌因子In、GLN、LEP和代谢产物NEFA、BHBA、GLU直接调控新生犊牛肝细胞GLNRIT／RNA的表达。 相似文献
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为阐明胰岛素、胰高血糖素在奶牛脂肪代谢中的调控作用,应用RT-PCR法观察了胰岛素、胰高血糖素对体外培养脂肪细胞胰高血糖素受体(GLNR)mRNA丰度的影响。结果发现,随着培养液中胰岛素质量浓度的升高,GLNR mRNA表达逐渐增加(P<0.05);而随着培养液中胰高血糖素浓度的升高,GLNR mRNA表达逐渐降低(P<0.01)。本研究结果表明,胰岛素、胰高血糖素直接调控奶牛脂肪细胞胰高血糖素受体mRNA的表达。 相似文献
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为阐明代谢产物非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟丁酸（BHBA）和葡萄糖（GLU）在乳牛肝糖代谢、脂代谢中的调控作用，应用实时荧光定量PCR法观察了NEFA、BHBA和GLU对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞胰高血糖素受体（GLNR）mRNA丰度的影响。结果，随着培养液中NEFA、BHBA和GLU浓度的升高，GLNRmRNA的表达量逐渐增加（P〈0．01）。表明，代谢产物NEFA、BHBA和GLU直接调控乳牛肝胰高血糖素受体mRNA的表达。 相似文献
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为了阐明代谢产物在奶牛肝脂蛋白组装与转运过程中的调控作用,通过向体外培养的新生犊牛肝细胞添加非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)和葡萄糖,采用内对照RT-PCR方法检测代谢产物对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞MTP mRNA丰度的影响。结果显示,随着培养液中NEFA和葡萄糖浓度的升高,MTP mRNA的丰度呈现剂量依赖性上调(P<0.01);随着BHBA浓度的增加,MTP mRNA的丰度先升高后降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结果表明,NEFA和葡萄糖对肝细胞MTP mRNA表达具有促进作用,呈剂量依赖性:BHBA对肝细胞MTP mR-NA表达具有低剂量促进高剂量抑制的双重作用。 相似文献
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Thirty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of feeding nonforage fiber sources (NFFS), monensin, or their combination on expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver during the transition to lactation. The addition of 0 or 300 mg/d of monensin to a conventional (CONV) or NFFS prepartum diet was evaluated in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The NFFS diet was formulated by replacing 30% of the forage component of the CONV diet with cottonseed hulls and soyhulls. The CONV and NFFS basal diets were fed at dry-off and continued through parturition. Monensin was fed from -28 d relative to calving (DRTC) through parturition. At calving, all cows were placed on the same diet. Liver biopsy samples obtained at -28, -14, +1, +14, and +28 DRTC were used to determine pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) mRNA expression. Feeding NFFS resulted in greater (P < 0.05) prepartum DMI compared with the CONV diet. There was no effect of prepartum diets on postpartum DMI or average milk production to 56 d of lactation. Expression of PC mRNA was elevated (P < 0.05) at 1 d postpartum, but there was no effect of NFFS or monensin on PC mRNA abundance. Expression of PEPCK-C mRNA at calving was increased (P < 0.05) with prepartum monensin feeding. The data indicate that feeding monensin to transition cows induces hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA expression before calving. The increased expression of hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA with monensin feeding suggests a feed-forward mechanism of metabolic control in ruminants that links molecular control of gluconeogenesis with the profile of rumen fermentation end products. 相似文献
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Isolated sheep hepatocytes were used to obtain estimates of kinetic parameters, identify substrate preference and interactions and study regulation of gluconeogenesis. Respective Vmax estimates for propionate, pyruvate and alanine conversion to glucose were 59.5, 12.8 and 21.5 mol glucose formed X (h X g dry weight)-1. Respective KS estimates for propionate and pyruvate were 1 mM and 18 to 40 microM. Rates of lactate utilization varied among cell preparations, possibly because of loss of lactate dehydrogenase during isolation. Dihydroxyacetone and glycerol were utilized for glucose synthesis at similar rates of 8.6 and 8.7 mumol glucose formed X (h X g dry weight)-1, respectively. Respective rates of glucose synthesis from 5 mM fructose and 10 mM galactose were 63.2 and 31.4 mumol X (h X g dry weight)-1. Maximum rates of pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were estimated to be 101.6 and 160.4 mumol substrate converted X (h X g dry weight)-1, respectively. Neither butyrate nor acetate accelerated gluconeogenesis from propionate while acetate increased glucose synthesis from pyruvate, presumably through activation of pyruvate carboxylase. Glucagon stimulated gluconeogenesis from propionate. Dibutyrylcyclic AMP mimicked the effect of glucagon, implying that the glucagon effect is translated via the adenyl cyclase system as in rats. The kinetic parameters established in these experiments should be useful in future experiments and in computer modeling analyses of ruminant liver and whole animal metabolism where Michaelis-Menten type equations are widely used. 相似文献
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Factors that affect progesterone clearance from plasma and by hepatocytes in culture were examined in a series of experiments. In Exp. 1, the objective was to determine whether an increase in hepatic portal blood acetate or propionate could alter progesterone metabolism by the liver. For ewe lambs gavaged orally with sodium propionate compared with those gavaged orally with sodium acetate, serum progesterone concentrations began to diverge as early as 0.5 h after administration and were greater (P < 0.05) at 3 and 4 h after administration. The objective of Exp. 2 was to determine the effect of a single oral gavage of either sodium acetate or sodium propionate on peripheral insulin and glucagon concentrations. Ewes gavaged orally with sodium propionate had greater (P < 0.05) insulin concentrations at 0.5 and 1 h after gavage than ewes gavaged with sodium acetate. Furthermore, glucagon concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) at 0.5, 1, and 2 h for ewe lambs gavaged orally with sodium propionate compared with those receiving sodium acetate. The third experiment investigated the rate of in vitro progesterone clearance by cultured hepatocytes in response to treatment with different concentrations of insulin and glucagon. Progesterone clearance was reduced (P < 0.05) with the addition of 0.1 nM insulin compared with the control. Furthermore, there was a greater reduction (P < 0.05) in progesterone clearance in response to 1.0 and 10 nM insulin compared with the control and 0.1 nM insulin. No change was observed in progesterone clearance in hepatocytes treated with either physiological (0.01 and 0.1 nM) or supraphysiological (1.0 nM) glucagon. Supraphysiological concentrations of glucagon (1.0 nM) negated the effects of either 0.1 or 1.0 nM insulin on progesterone clearance by hepatocytes. However, with physiological concentrations of glucagon (0.1 nM) and 1.0 nM insulin, glucagon was not able to negate the reduction in progesterone clearance caused by insulin. These data are consistent with a paradigm in which elevated hepatic portal vein propionate increases plasma insulin in ruminants, which decreases progesterone clearance, thereby increasing serum progesterone concentrations. 相似文献
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The effects of propylene glycol (PEG) on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood glucose and insulin, carcass traits, and abundance of IGF-1 mRNA in LM and leptin mRNA in adipose tissue were examined in 20 Korean native steers, with 10 each in control and PEG-fed groups, respectively. Propylene glycol mixed with concentrate diet was provided daily at a rate of 2.5 mL/kg BW(0.75). Experimental animals were fed a concentrate diet to 1.8% of BW twice daily plus rice straw ad libitum during the 4-mo period before marketing. Daily DMI and ADG did not differ between control and PEG-fed steers. Steers receiving PEG displayed an increase (P = 0.044) in propionate concentration, whereas acetate concentration decreased (P = 0.032). Although blood glucose was not affected, serum insulin was increased (P = 0.047) by PEG feeding. Propylene glycol did not affect carcass weight, 13th-rib fat depth, marbling score, or lipid content of LM. The backfat of PEG-fed steers did not differ in leptin mRNA from control steers, whereas increased leptin mRNA was found in i.m. fat with PEG feeding. There was no treatment effect on the level of IGF-1 mRNA in the LM of the tested steers. These results indicate that the amount of PEG fed to steers was not sufficient to improve marbling score through enhanced ruminal propionate and insulin. The role of increased i.m. leptin mRNA level in PEG-fed steers remains to be further elucidated. 相似文献
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Propionate was recently shown to increase leptin synthesis in rodents. To determine if a similar effect occurs in ruminants, propionate was administered to lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, 31 cows were given an intrajugular Na propionate bolus (1,040 micromol/kg body weight), increasing plasma propionate from 160 to 5,680 microM and plasma insulin from 6.8 to 77.8 microIU/mL. Plasma leptin concentration decreased from 2.11 ng/mL before bolus to 1.99 ng/mL after dosing (P<0.05) with no differences in leptin concentrations at 20, 50, and 100 min post-bolus (P>0.10). In experiment 2, 12 cows were used in a duplicated 6 x 6 Latin square experiment to assess the dose-response effect of ruminal propionate infusion on plasma leptin concentration. Sodium propionate was infused at rates of 0, 260, 520, 780, 1040, or 1,300 mmol/h, while total short-chain fatty acid infusion rate was held constant at 1,300 mmol/h by addition of Na acetate to the infusate. Coccygeal blood was sampled following 18 h of infusion. Increasing the rate of propionate infusion linearly increased plasma propionate concentration from 180 to 330 microM (P<0.001) and plasma insulin concentration from 6.7 to 9.1 microIU/mL (P<0.05). There was a quadratic response in plasma leptin concentration (P=0.04) with a maximum at 780 mmol/h propionate, but leptin concentrations increased by no more than 8% relative to the 0 mmol/h propionate infusion. Leptin concentrations were correlated with insulin concentrations but not with propionate concentrations in plasma. Propionate is not a physiological regulator of leptin secretion in lactating dairy cows. 相似文献
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Activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism were measured in canine and feline liver. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations between dogs and cats. Glucokinase activities were absent in feline liver, however, activities of other glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, were significantly higher than those in canine livers. Activities of rate limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis such as pyruvate carboxylase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in feline livers were significantly higher than those in canine livers. 相似文献
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INS、GLN和LP对体外培养牛脂肪细胞内HSL、LP的mRNA丰度的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了阐明胰岛素（INS）、胰高血糖素（GLN）和瘦蛋白（LP）对牛脂肪细胞内激素敏感酯酶（HSL）、LP的mRNA表达的调控作用，本试验采用体外原代培养牛脂肪细胞的培养液中添加不同浓度的胰岛素（0、5、10、20、50、100mmol／L）、胰高血糖素（O、25、100、200、500、1000pg／mL）和瘦蛋白（O、2．5、5、10、50、100ng／mL），培养12h后，应用建立的实时荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）方法检测牛脂肪细胞内HSL、LP的mRNA丰度。结果表明：胰岛素对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性抑制作用，对LP的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性促进作用。胰高血糖素对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性促进作用，对牛脂肪细胞内LP的mRNA表达无作用。瘦蛋白对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达先呈现剂量依赖性促进作用，后呈现抑制作用。但对牛脂肪细胞内LP的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性抑制作用。 相似文献