共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
新入侵害虫刺桐姬小蜂的发生与防治技术 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
近年来,一种外来的小型蜂类入侵我国台湾省和广东省,对大量栽种作为行道树和庭园绿化的刺桐属(Erythrina)植物造成重大为害。经鉴定该小蜂为刺桐姬小蜂(QuadrastichuserythrinaeKim),在台湾称为刺桐釉小蜂。刺桐姬小蜂属膜翅目寡节小蜂科(姬小蜂科)啮小蜂亚科,原产地未明确,但很可能是非洲。标本采自非洲的印度洋岛国毛里求斯、法属留里旺岛和亚洲的新加坡。2004年由澳大利亚联邦科学研究院(CSIRO)的Kim等定为新种。该小蜂2003年开始在台湾省发现,2005年在广东省深圳市发现。在夏威夷群岛,2005年4～7月在瓦胡岛(Oahu)等4个岛屿相继发现… 相似文献
9.
近年来,一种外来的小型蜂类入侵我国台湾省和广东省,对大量栽种作为行道树和庭园绿化的刺桐属(Erythrina)植物造成重大为害.经鉴定该小蜂为刺桐姬小蜂(Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim),在台湾称为刺桐釉小蜂.刺桐姬小蜂属膜翅目寡节小蜂科(姬小蜂科)啮小蜂亚科,原产地未明确,但很可能是非洲.标本采自非洲的印度洋岛国毛里求斯、法属留里旺岛和亚洲的新加坡.2004年由澳大利亚联邦科学研究院(CSIRO)的Kim等定为新种.该小蜂2003年开始在台湾省发现,2005年在广东省深圳市发现.在夏威夷群岛,2005年4～7月在瓦胡岛(Oahu)等4个岛屿相继发现.该蜂是Quadrastichus 属中首次发现的造瘿者.Quadrastichus属中大多数种为肉食性,是一些昆虫的天敌.鉴于刺桐姬小蜂已入侵中国内地,并在深圳市造成局部为害,现对该小蜂进行简要的介绍,以供参考. 相似文献
10.
为了探索刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim的检疫处理方法,研究了γ-射线辐照处理对刺桐姬小蜂发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,经0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4kGyγ-射线辐照处理20min后,刺桐姬小蜂幼虫化蛹率和蛹的羽化率均显著降低。成虫活动减弱、寿命缩短,交配次数、怀卵量和产卵量随处理剂量增高而降低,γ-射线辐照处理虫瘿后,刺桐姬小蜂羽化出蜂数和出蜂率随处理剂量增加而显著减少。雌雄成虫对γ-射线的抵抗力不同,在相同剂量辐照处理下,雄虫的死亡率显著高于雌虫。处理剂量越高,性比就越高。 相似文献
11.
为保障全国农业植物检疫性有害生物名单的科学性和可行性,农业农村部植物检疫机构根据有害生物风险分析结果对名单进行管理。本文从全国农业植物检疫性有害生物名单历史、现状、制修订要求和程序、管理以及几个我国不同检疫性有害生物名单的关系进行了阐述,并提出建议,以期为农业植物检疫性有害生物名单的风险管理提供思路。 相似文献
12.
The EPPO Secretariat has developed computer software for Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) within the EC 7th Framework Programme PRATIQUE (Enhancements of Pest Risk Analysis Techniques) and with the support of the EPPO Panels. The software, Computer Assisted PRA (CAPRA), aims to assist pest risk analysts to run the EPPO Decision‐support scheme for pest risk analysis [EPPO Standard PM 5/3(5) Decision‐support scheme for quarantine pests], and other decision‐support schemes. It is freely avaliable on the EPPO website or on http://capra.eppo.org/ . 相似文献
13.
入侵害虫蔗扁蛾在中国的风险性分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为确定入侵害虫蔗扁蛾是否应列入检疫性害虫进行控制,根据WTO的<卫生与植物卫生措施协定>(SPS)要求,对其进行风险性分析.依据国际植物检疫措施标准(ISPM)规定的有害生物风险性分析(PRA)程序,利用相关模型,对各项分析指标进行分析并赋值运算.各分析指标及运算值为:(1)国内分布情况,风险值为2;(2)潜在的危害性,风险值为1.6;(3)寄主植物的经济重要性,风险值为3;(4)传播扩散的可能性,风险值为1.89;(5)风险性管理难度,风险值为1.67.蔗扁蛾的综合风险性值为1.98,风险指数已达到检疫性害虫条件,应列入检疫性害虫名单,最后提出了相关风险性管理对策. 相似文献
14.
外来有害生物能够严重影响一个国家或地区经济与环境的可持续发展,有害生物风险分析的目的是制定积极主动的外来有害生物防治策略,本文从入侵途径、传播扩散以及经济影响等风险分析的主要评估对象阐述国内外关于有害生物风险分析的研究进展,以及对我国相关研究的启示。 相似文献
15.
16.
N. A. Van der Graaff 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(3):93-102
Plant protection has many international aspects; it is also quickly changing, especially in relation to sustainability. FAO’s activities in plant protection are grouped in four major thrusts: plant quarantine, pesticide management, integrated pest management and migratory pest control. The International Plant Protection Convention defines the FAO’s activities in plant quarantine, while, in response to the GATT Uruguay Round, harmonization of plant quarantine is also being undertaken. Pesticide management activities address the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides and standard setting on pesticide residues. Integrated Pest Management is the core of the plant protection programme, together with international coordination of migratory pest control. All these activities are complemented by technical assistance programmes, including assistance with the establishment of plant protection services.FAO’s activities remain a compromise between what member countries see as desirable and what is affordable. Long term commitment is required to achieve result. New functions in quarantine and pesticide management have been taken up, but the international assessment of pesticides needs urgent attention. The paradigm change away from pesticide use will require further international cooperation. Substantial research and a new control system is needed for locust control. 相似文献
17.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is considered the central paradigm of insect pest management and is often characterized as a comprehensive use of multiple control tactics to reduce pest status while minimizing economic and environmental costs. As the principal precursor of IPM, the integrated control concept formulated the economic theory behind pest management decisions and specified an applied methodology for carrying out pest control. Sampling, economic thresholds and selective insecticides were three of the critical elements of that methodology and are now considered indispensable to the goals of IPM. We examine each of these elements in the context of contemporaneous information as well as accumulated experience and knowledge required for their skillful implementation in an IPM program. We conclude that while IPM is principally about integrating control tactics into an effective and sustainable approach to pest control, this overarching goal can only be achieved through well‐trained practitioners, knowledgeable of the tenets conceived in the integrated control concept that ultimately yield informed pest management. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
入侵害虫椰心叶甲在中国的风险性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为确定椰心叶甲科学的检疫管理措施,根据WTO的<卫生与植物卫生措施协定>(SPS)要求,对其进行风险性分析.依据国际植物检疫措施标准(ISPM)规定的有害生物风险分析(PRA)程序,利用相关模型,对各项分析指标进行分析并赋值运算.各分析指标及运算值为:(1)国内分布情况,风险值为2;(2)潜在的经济危害性,风险值为2;(3)寄主植物的经济重要性,风险值为3;(4)传播扩散的可能性,风险值为2.05;(5)风险管理难度,风险值为1.66.椰心叶甲的综合风险性值为2.09,符合高风险检疫性害虫条件,据此提出2条相关风险管理备选方案,并分别进行效率和影响评估,确定最终风险管理方案. 相似文献
19.
有害生物风险分析定量评估模型及其比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球化的进程使有害生物入侵问题日益严重,植物检疫工作备受重视。有害生物风险分析(pest risk analysis,PRA)是植物检疫的支撑技术之一,风险评估是其核心内容,定量评估模型的研究与应用成为近30年来该领域的热点。本文在收集、整理国内外PRA文献和相关信息的基础上,针对有害生物入侵风险半定量评估模型、定量评估模型及软件的发展进行了系统性的回顾和分析。同时,我们比较了主要模型和软件的特点、优势和局限性,归纳总结出了适用于不同起点的有害生物定量风险评估集成技术体系,并展望了我国有害生物风险分析技术的未来发展。本综述能够为我国生物入侵防控管理机构、推广部门、高等院校及科研单位提供重要的工作参考,对植物检疫工作具有理论和实践意义。 相似文献
20.
J.A. FOSTER 《EPPO Bulletin》1981,11(3):155-162
The importation of plant germplasm into the United States involves the risk that certain plant species may carry plant pests hazardous to US agriculture. On the basis of a pest risk analysis, plants or plant parts of a plant species from a particular country are assigned an entry status which constitutes the least drastic quarantine action necessary to exclude hazardous pests that could be imported with this germplasm. Quarantine procedures necessary for entry range from foreign site field inspections (preclearance) or visual inspection at a port of entry (low-risk seeds) for low-risk plant material to testing high-risk introductions for hazardous pests in quarantine facilities (prohibited). The recent revision of Quarantine 37 for the importation of nursery stock reflects changes in the assignment of certain plant genera to either a more or less restrictive entry status on the basis of risk assessments for quarantine pests of the particular genus. Pest risk analyses on certain seeds and also vegetative propagations of grasses, legumes, conifers, and certain fruits and nuts are now underway to determine if future changes in US quarantine laws are necessary to protect US agriculture. 相似文献