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鲜食玉米具有较高的营养价值和保健价值,并且食用特别方便,因为这些优势从而收到了全国各地大众消费者的一直青睐。鲜食玉米越来越受到广大人民群众的喜爱,其经济效益日渐显著。一般情况下农民群众认为的鲜食玉米通常指日常生活中经常见到并食用的甜玉米和糯玉米,其实不然,广义上的鲜食玉米包括甜玉米(su、sh2、se、bt)、糯玉米(wx)、甜糯玉米(wx、su、sh2、bt)、彩色玉米及笋玉米等所有以乳熟期采摘鲜果穗作为加工或食用的玉米类型。鲜食玉米富含多种氨基酸、脂肪酸、可溶性糖、膳食纤维、多种维生素和矿物质等,单独食用就可获得全面营养,其营养成分与食用价值远高于普通玉米。云南省具有地形独特、资源丰富等特点,对于发展鲜食玉米的育种及种植有着独特优势。为了加快鲜食糯玉米新品种的选育和推广,促进农业产业结构调整,带动玉米产业的发展,为品种审定和布局提供依据。 相似文献
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鲜食甜糯玉米子粒硒含量的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对利用异隐纯合体杂交法所培育的9个甜糯玉米杂交种及其对应亲本自交系,在适宜鲜食期 (授粉后21天 )的硒含量进行了测定。结果表明,bt1sh2 -79型和bt1sh2 su1-43型甜糯玉米的硒含量较高,sh2 su1-79型和sh2 -13型甜糯玉米的硒含量较低。同类型不同子粒颜色的甜糯玉米硒含量不同,五彩甜糯玉米的硒含量高于白色和黄色甜糯玉米的硒含量。而且硒含量高的两亲本自交系所组配的甜糯玉米杂交种的硒含量相对较高。 相似文献
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中国已经成为全球鲜食玉米最主要生产和消费国家之一,解析我国鲜食玉米品种之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,对品种鉴定和品种培育具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用Illumina Maize 6K芯片对全国范围内的385个鲜食玉米品种进行全基因组扫描,了解群体结构,划分种质类群,估算品种间的遗传距离,揭示其遗传多样性。结果表明,5067个SNP标记在385个鲜食玉米品种中基因多样性平均0.406,变幅为0.097～0.500;多态信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)平均0.319,变幅为0.092～0.375。通过PCA分析和群体遗传结构分析一致表明,本研究所收集的品种主要划分为3个类群,分别为糯玉米类群(糯玉米和甜糯玉米,共185个品种)、温带甜玉米类群(123个品种)和热带甜玉米类群(77个品种)。两两品种间的遗传距离在0.132～0.472之间,平均值为0.37。通过FST分析检测到不同类群间有160个区域受到强烈选择,其中包括4个玉米籽粒淀粉合成途径的关键基因(sh2、su1、su2和wx1),进一步利用分子标记验证了sh2和DGAT1-2两... 相似文献
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为解决糯玉米不甜,甜玉米不糯的缺陷,培育出在同一玉米果穗上的子粒中既有糯质的,也有甜质的,糯、甜子粒随机相间排列的优质鲜食玉米,根据谢孝颐(1990)提出的选育糯甜玉米的方法,我们利用在糯玉米中出现的糯质甜玉米基因突变体材料,选育出了加甜糯鲜食玉米品种"都市丽人"(原名加甜美玉(糯)1号).该鲜食玉米组合的母本糯质,父本甜质(糯超甜) ,杂交种表现为纯白糯质.F1植株果穗上3/4的子粒是糯粒 ,1/4是甜粒.为了区别现有的糯玉米和甜玉米,我们把这种在同一个果穗上既有糯粒又有甜粒的玉米称之为加甜糯玉米. 相似文献
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分子标记可以作为常规玉米育种的有益辅助,提高育种效率,尤其是针对基于隐性纯合基因的甜质玉米杂交育种。以自育的22份甜玉米自交系为材料,选取玉米基因组数据库中收录的基于shrunken2(sh2)、brittle endosperm2(bt2)、amyloseextender1(ae1)、sugary2(su2)、shrunkenl(sh1)、miniature seed1(mnl)和dull endosperm1(du1)等7个甜质基因开发的12个基因内标记,对其进行分子鉴定,在此基础上,结合这些材料可溶性糖含量的刚定,明确22份甜质自交系的甜质类型。侧定结果表明,在乳熟期,22份甜质自交系子粒可溶性糖含量为18.83%一25.58%,均表现为超甜类型。分子鉴定结果则显示,22份甜自交系在CL1742 ( ae1 ),CL1800(du1)、CL1139(mnl)、CL1470(sh2)、SOG1205(bt2)、SOG0157(sh1)与phi044(sh1)等7个标记上的等位变异与普通自交系一致,而IDP202(su2)、功P584(su2)…… 相似文献
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国审优质高产加甜糯玉米品种桂甜糯525选育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对产业结构的调整及满足玉米消费市场的需求,在新的育种目标指导下,通过杂交组配,选育出甜玉米和糯玉米风味兼具的超甜型糯玉米新品种桂甜糯525,为优化广西及我国东南玉米栽培区的品种结构提供优选品种。利用自选自交系YL 611作母本,超甜糯双隐自交系WT 1791作父本进行杂交,使目标性状得到有效组合。亲本材料的选育采用系谱法和多代单株选择法,并进行配合力测试、品系比较和品种比较,稳定组合在不同环境进行鉴选,使杂种基因型的各种性状得到充分表达和有效筛选。育成的玉米新品种桂甜糯525具有质优、高产、广适等特点。 相似文献
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为研究玉米高赖氨酸奥帕克-2(opaque-2,o2),奥帕克-16(opaque-16,o16)和糯性(waxy1,wx1)突变基因聚合提高营养品质的分子机理,以玉米o2,o16和wx三隐性基因聚合系QCL 8002-11(o2o2o16o16wxwx)为供体亲本,以普通玉米自交系CML 539为受体亲本,构建玉米o2、o16和wx基因不同聚合类型的近等基因系,经过多代回交和自交,利用分子标记辅助选择技术,选育出一批含有o2o16wx三隐性基因,o2o16、o2wx和o16wx双隐性基因,o2、o16和wx单隐性基因的近等基因系材料,为玉米品质的快速改良和阐明优异基因聚合提高玉米营养品质的机理提供材料基础。 相似文献
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Xin-Ran SONG Shu-Ting HU Kai ZHANG Ze-Jin CUI Jian-Sheng LI Xiao-Hong YANG Guang-Hong BAI 《作物学报》1962,46(12):1831-1838
As the storage organ of maize, kernel development and accumulation of storage production directly determines maize yield and quality. In this study, a stable defective kernel mutant, named as defective kernel 101 (dek101), was identified during the development of double haploid (DH) lines in maize. The dek101 kernels displayed severely shrunk kernel appearance, significantly reduced kernel weight, lethal embryo, defective endosperm and were incapable of germinating. The dek101 showed obvious developmental abnormalities at 12 days after pollination (DAP). The fresh weight, dry weight and volume of the kernels were no longer increased after 21 DAP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that the starch granules of dek101 were significantly smaller compared with wild-type kernels. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the mutant trait was controlled by a recessive single gene. Using 441 F2 individuals and 1648 F3 individuals, dek101 was narrowed down to a genomic region of about 300 kb between the InDel marker IDP2182 and IDP4600 on chromosome 1, which contains five predicted genes. These results laid the foundation for mining functional genes related to maize kernel development and deciphering the mechanism of grain development. 相似文献
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果实硬度计评定鲜食玉米果皮柔嫩度的可行性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以品尝法为对照,用果实硬度计法获得3种不同胚乳基因型鲜食玉米的36个自交系的果皮硬度计嫩度值。按胚乳基因型对自交系的果皮硬度计嫩度进行方差分析,进而剖析果皮硬度计嫩度与果皮口感嫩度的相关性,探讨果实硬度计定量评定鲜食玉米果皮柔嫩度的可行性。结果表明,果实硬度计能区分果皮柔嫩度存在差异的材料;在2007年秋和2008年春两次试验中,普甜玉米材料的果皮硬度计嫩度与口感嫩度的相关系数分别为0.64、0.66,超甜玉米的为0.63、0.77,均达显著或极显著水平,糯玉米的为0.36、0.39,未达显著水平。由此可见,果实硬度计能够定量评定甜玉米的果皮柔嫩度,但不能评定糯玉米的果皮柔嫩度。 相似文献
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多隐纯合体甜玉米主要品质性状分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用不同基因型多隐纯合体甜玉米材料进行杂交,获得杂交种,再同时种植这些杂交组合及其亲本材料,在授粉15 d后测定一系列品质指标,分析其遗传规律,主要结果如下:(1)大部分组合含糖量高峰期出现在授粉后15～18 d.大部分组合的最高含糖量大于或介于两亲本间.(2)大部分组合蛋白质含量6次测定总平均数低于或介于两亲本间.大部分组合在授粉后18～30 d蛋白质含量变幅不大.蛋白质含量最大值出现在收获期.(3)含油量随授粉后天数的延迟而上升.大部分组合的含油量最大值出现在收获期,大部分组合的含油量最大值较其对应亲本高或介于两亲本间.(4)大部分组合授粉后18～30 d果皮厚度平均值较对应亲本高或介于两亲本间.大部分组合在同一授粉后天数取样果皮厚度与对应亲本差异不显著.(5)含水量随授粉后天数的延迟而下降,大部分组合5次含水量平均数高于或介于两亲本间.在灌浆期每一基因型都存在一个含水量相对稳定的时期. 相似文献
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研究了5种玉米胚乳突变基因（o2.su1,sh2,bt2,wx)及其互作对籽粒百粒重、蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分（精蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白）的影响,并观察了蛋白质组分在突变体籽粒发育过程中的变化。结果表明,与正常型相比,o2,su1,sh2,bt2单突变体和各种双突变体均不同程度降低百粒生和增加蛋白质含量;蛋白质组分中,醇溶蛋 相似文献
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Variation in sweet corn kernel characteristics associated with stand establishment and eating quality 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary A better understanding of the relationships between kernel characteristics associated with eating quality and stand establishment could be helpful in selection of superior genotypes by the sweet corn industry. A set of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with different endosperm mutations (su1, su1 se1 and sh2) were evaluated for field emergence and seedling growth rate at two locations over two years. Kernel characteristics associated with eating quality (kernel moisture concentration, kernel tenderness, sugars, phytoglycogen and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) concentrations were determined for the same inbreds by laboratory analysis from ears harvested at 18 and 22 days after pollination (DAP). Amounts of sugars, phytoglycogen and starch were also measured in mature dry kernel samples of the same inbreds. Extensive genetic variability was found among endosperm mutations and among genetic backgrounds within the different endosperm groups for most of the characteristics under study. Most of the kernel attributes associated with eating quality were uncorrelated indicating that selection to improve specific eating quality characteristics can be conducted simultaneously. A negative correlation between field emergence and sugar concentrations in immature kernels suggests that in breeding programs designed to develop germplasm with improved germination and stand establishment, concurrent attention must be given to the fresh quality of the harvested product. This information is of value to breeders and commercial growers for selection of sh2 and su1 se1 lines with superior field emergence and eating quality.Abbreviations (DAP)
days after pollination
- (DMS)
dimethyl sulfide 相似文献
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利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对玉米自交系B73进行诱变,获得一个可以稳定遗传的小籽粒突变体smk7(small kernel 7)。smk7成熟籽粒表现为体积变小,胚和胚乳发育缺陷,百粒重显著降低。突变籽粒发芽率仅为10%,且幼苗黄化不能生长成正常植株。成熟smk7胚乳中淀粉、蛋白、油分含量与野生型籽粒相比无显著差异,但突变体胚乳淀粉粒体积明显变小且形状不规则。smk7突变籽粒在授粉后12 d即可观察到明显的小籽粒和空瘪表型,石蜡切片显微观察显示突变籽粒的胚和胚乳发育迟缓,胚乳基部转移层细胞(BETL)相对于野生型细胞壁向内生长减少,发育受阻。用杂合植株(+/smk7)与多个自交系分别杂交,构建不同背景的F2分离群体,遗传分析结果表明该性状受单隐性核基因控制。利用靶向测序基因型分型(genotyping by target sequencing,GBTS)技术将基因初定位于2号染色体短臂,进一步精细定位发现该基因位于RM1433917和RM1535316两个标记之间约120 kb的物理范围内,共有8个蛋白编码基因。本研究为进一步克隆和解析SMK7基因调控玉米籽粒发育的分子机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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JIANG Cheng-Gong SHI Hui-Min WANG Hong-Wu LI Kun HUANG Chang-Ling LIU Zhi-Fang WU Yu-Jin LI Shu-Qiang HU Xiao-Jiao MA Qing 《作物学报》1962,47(2):285-293
In this study, a stable small kernel mutant, named small kernel 7 (smk7), was isolated from ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of maize inbred line B73. Compared with wild type, the smk7 mutants showed smaller kernel size, defective embryo and endosperm development and a significant decrease in 100-kernel weight. The smk7 kernels showed a low level of germination rate at 10% and cannot grow into normal plants. No significant changes were detected in protein, starch and oil content between mature wild type and smk7 kernels, but the starch grains became significantly smaller and irregular in smk7 kernels compared with wild type. The smk7 kernels could be clearly distinguished from the wild type as early as 12 days after pollination (DAP), on the basis of their smaller and emptier phenotype. Microscopic inspection of the paraffin sections revealed that the development of embryo and endosperm were delayed, and the cell wall in growth in basal endosperm transfer layers (BETL) were arrested in smk7 compared with wild type. The F2 populations with multiple backgrounds were constructed by crossing heterozygous plants (+/smk7) with several other inbred lines. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Based on genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) strategy, the SMK7 was initially mapped on the short arm of chromosome 2. The fine mapping results suggested that SMK7 was located between markers RM1433917 and RM1535316, with a physical distance of 120 kb. There were eight protein-coding genes in this region. This study laid a foundation for further genes cloning and research of the SMK7 function in regulating maize kernel development. 相似文献
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SSR指纹技术在甜、糯玉米区试中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2009年浙江省甜、糯玉米区试品种为材料,利用SSR指纹技术研究了参试品种的一致性和真实性。结果表明:除T10和T12之外,其他品种一致性均达到国家玉米区试品种纯度标准。真实性检测结果表明,糯玉米区试品种中,N2、N6、N73个品种在40个SSR位点上均无差异,并且这3个品种均与已审定的京科糯2000相似。从检测效果看,应用SSR技术进行参试品种的一致性和真实性检测非常必要,可有效防止雷同及一致性差的品种通过审定,确保品种审定的严肃性。 相似文献
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P. Revilla R. A. Malvar V. M. Rodríguez A. Butrón B. Ordás A. Ordás 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(5):478-481
Genotypes affect the survival of mutant genes in segregating populations. This study elucidates the effect of different maize genetic backgrounds on variation in gene frequency in sweet corn, sugary1 (su1) and sugary enhancer1 (se1), and supersweet corn, shrunken2 (sh2). Four sweet corn inbred lines and a supersweet synthetic were crossed to six field corn inbreds from diverse heterotic groups. The crosses were self‐pollinated and the F2 population was recombined twice. Gene frequencies were calculated from grain frequencies. Variation of su1 frequency differed significantly from random drift and a significant linear reduction was observed for half of the su1su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 crosses. The su1 and sh2 frequencies suffered a significant linear reduction for most su1su1se1se1Sh2Sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 and Su1Su1Se1Se1sh2sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 crosses, respectively. Also, the residual sums of squares, due to deviations from the linear trend, were significant for some crosses due to frequency‐dependent selection and genotypic interactions. Viability of su1 and sh2 depended on the specific sweet × field corn genotype combination but was not related to field corn heterotic groups. The se1 gene could have a detrimental effect on su1 viability. 相似文献