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1.
发情周期中奶山羊下丘脑—垂体—卵巢轴催产素的免疫组化定位 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用免疫组化ABC法，对发情周期中奶山羊下丘脑—全体—卵巢轴催产素(OT)分布进行了观察研究。结果表明，下丘脑中分泌OT的神经元主要分布在室旁核和视上核，在穿窿周核、腹内侧核、腹外侧核、交叉上核、背内侧核、乳头体、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑前核等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元；阳性神经纤维仅见于室旁核、下丘脑前核、视上核等少数核团，在正中隆起和第3脑室室周可见到一定数量的阳性神经纤维。在全体前叶未见到OT免疫反应阳性产物，自垂体柄和正中隆起的一例可见到平行排列的OT阳性神经纤维断续地延伸至神经部。卵巢的卵泡及间质未见OT免疫阳性反应，在黄体组织中存在数量较多的免疫反应阳性细胞，阳性细胞主要呈圆形、卵圆形，小梁两侧及黄体中央近腔区域的阳性细胞呈长梭形，有相当数量的阳性细胞具有突起。连续切片HE染色对照观察显示，黄体中OT主要由大黄体细胞产生，但小黄体细胞也存在OT免疫阳性反应。 相似文献
2.
发情周期中奶山羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴催产素的免疫组化定位 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用免疫组化ABC法,对发情周期中奶山羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴催产素(OT)分布进行了观察研究.结果表明,下丘脑中分泌OT的神经元主要分布在室旁核和视上核,在穹窿周核、腹内侧核、腹外侧核、交叉上核、背内侧核、乳头体、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑前核等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元;阳性神经纤维仅见于室旁核、下丘脑前核、视上核等少数核团,在正中隆起和第3脑室室周可见到一定数量的阳性神经纤维.在垂体前叶未见到OT免疫反应阳性产物,自垂体柄和正中隆起的一侧可见到平行排列的OT阳性神经纤维断续地延伸至神经部.卵巢的卵泡及间质未见OT免疫阳性反应,,在黄体组织中存在数量较多的免疫反应阳性细胞,阳性细胞主要呈圆形、卵圆形,小梁两侧及黄体中央近腔区域的阳性细胞呈长梭形,有相当数量的阳性细胞具有突起.连续切片HE染色对照观察显示,黄体中OT主要由大黄体细胞产生,但小黄体细胞也存在OT免疫阳性反应. 相似文献
3.
应用免疫组织化学SP法和原位杂交法研究了催产素（oxytocin，OT）及OT mRNA在成年发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的分布和表达。结果，OT免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布在视上核和室旁核，在视上弥散核、弓状核、室周核和乳头体各核团也存在免疫阳性神经元；在室旁核、视上弥散核、正中隆起和第三脑室附近有较多数量的强阳性神经纤维，在交叉上核有少量阳性神经纤维。在下丘脑23个核团（区）中均能检测出OT mRNA的阳性细胞。结果表明，OT和OT mRNA在下丘脑中分布广泛，且OT可能通过轴突传递和血液运输，将OT mRNA合成的OT运送到别的核团；OT在奶山羊发情过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
4.
山羊黄体弥散性神经内分泌细胞的分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探查山羊卵巢黄体中是否存在弥散性神经内分泌细胞,采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法对12~18月龄妊娠奶山羊卵巢中弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物的分布进行了研究。结果显示:黄体组织中各区均含有催产素、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S-100蛋白、突触素和5-羟色胺样免疫反应阳性细胞。这些细胞散在或成团分布,多呈圆形、卵圆形和三角形,一些细胞具有明显的突起。阳性细胞数由多至少顺序为:催产素、突触素、S-100蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、5-羟色胺。鉴于神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S-100蛋白、突触素和5-羟色胺是弥散性神经内分泌系统广谱的、共同的细胞标记物,结果提示山羊卵巢黄体中存在弥散性神经内分泌细胞。 相似文献
5.
妊娠期奶山羊下丘脑GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）和催产素（OT）是否在下丘脑细胞中共存,采用免疫组织化学双标记法对妊娠期奶山羊下丘脑中GnRH与OT的分布进行了检测。结果显示：室旁核、视上核、视前交叉上核、弓状核、下丘脑外侧区、乳头体内侧核、乳头体后核等核团（区）有GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞,在妊娠的不同时期,GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞数量有显著差异。这些结果为GnRH与OT相互调节提供了形态学证据。 相似文献
6.
《畜牧兽医学报》2016,(6)
研究催产素受体(OTR)在雌性山羊颈动脉体(CB)中是否存在及其分布特点,为催产素(OT)是否对CB起调节作用提供形态学基础。用免疫组织化学SP法对雌性山羊的CB进行OTR免疫组织化学染色,观察CB中OTR的分布特点。结果显示,在雌性山羊CB的实质细胞群和间质组织中均有不同程度的OTR阳性反应产物存在。OTR强阳性产物分布在Ⅰ型细胞、Ⅱ型细胞的细胞质和细胞膜,在Ⅰ型细胞的细胞核呈弱阳性表达,在Ⅱ型细胞的细胞核呈强阳性表达。在间质组织中,血管内皮细胞和神经纤维中有中等阳性反应产物存在,并且实质细胞群和间质组织的OTR相对表达量差异性极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,OTR主要分布于CB的实质细胞群中,CB具备接受OT调控的条件。因此,催产素可以通过激活CB中的OTR来影响CB的功能活动。 相似文献
7.
应用免疫组化PAP法(非标记抗体过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶法)研究了鸡下丘脑催产素(Oxytocin,OT)免疫反应阳性神经元的分布.结果,OT阳性神经元存在于下丘脑室旁核各亚核、视前室旁核、视上核、视前大细胞核、下丘脑外侧核、室周核、室周弓状核,在下丘脑背侧区、视前外侧区和丘脑背外侧核也有零星的OT阳性神经元,视上背侧交叉和正中隆起存在大量的OT阳性纤维和纤维末梢.此外,还观察到视前区和下丘脑前部脑基底表面以及视上核的外缘有OT阳性神经元和纤维(?)达脑的外表,在第三脑室室管膜上存在OT阳性神经元,室旁核的OT阳性细胞突起伸入到室管膜上或突出于第三脑室室腔。结果表明,OT阳性神经元在下丘脑的分布较广泛,OT向脑脊液的释放可能是多途径的. 相似文献
8.
9.
为了研究雌激素β受体(ER-β)在不同年龄大鼠睾丸中的表达,试验采用免疫组织化学SP法对雌激素β受体在4,23,50周龄大鼠睾丸组织中的表达进行了研究.结果表明:4周龄大鼠睾丸雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出强阳性,主要分布在间质细胞和肌样细胞中;23周龄雌激素β受体免疫反应产物表现出中等阳性,主要出现在少量的间质细胞和大量的肌样细胞中;50周龄大鼠睾丸仅见极少数区域个别的阳性间质细胞与肌样细胞,免疫反应产物表现出弱阳性;随着大鼠年龄的增长,大鼠睾丸中的雌激素β受体的表达量呈下降趋势. 相似文献
10.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(5):893-897
为了检测雌性山羊颈动脉体中是否存在卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR),探讨卵泡刺激素(FSH)是否可以影响雌性山羊颈动脉体的活动,本试验采用免疫组织化学SP法观察卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)在山羊颈动脉体内的分布特点,利用IPP 6.0图像半定量分析系统分析FSHR在颈动脉体中实质细胞和非实质细胞上的表达量差异。结果显示,FSHR主要分布在颈动脉体的实质细胞(Ⅰ型细胞和Ⅱ型细胞)。Ⅰ型细胞中FSHR强阳性产物分布于细胞核,中等阳性产物分布于细胞膜,弱阳性或阴性产物分布于细胞质;Ⅱ型细胞中有强阳性产物;血管内皮细胞中有中等阳性或强阳性产物。FSHR在颈动脉体的实质细胞与非实质细胞中相对表达量呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,证实FSHR在雌性非妊娠山羊颈动脉体内广泛表达,提示颈动脉体可能接受FSH的调节,这为研究FSH作用于非生殖系统及颈动脉体神经内分泌调节机制提供形态学依据。 相似文献
11.
B Berisha P Bridger A Toth H Kliem HHD Meyer D Schams C Pfarrer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):295-302
The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of connexins (Cx26 and Cx43) in the bovine ovary (experiment 1–3). Experiment 1: ovaries containing preovulatory follicles or corpora lutea (CL) were collected at 0, 4, 10, 20, 25 (follicles) and 60 h (CL) relative to injection of GnRH. Experiment 2: CL were assigned to the following stages: days 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12, 13–16, >18 (after regression) of oestrous cycle and of early and late pregnancy (<4 and >4 months). Experiment 3: induced luteolysis, cows on days 8–12 were injected with PGF2α analogue (Cloprostenol), and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before and 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF2α injection. Real‐time RT‐PCR was applied to investigate mRNA expression and immunofluorescence was utilized for protein localization. Cx26 mRNA increased rapidly 4 h after GnRH injection (during LH surge) and decreased afterwards during the whole experimental period. Cx43 mRNA expression decreased continuously after GnRH application. Cx26 mRNA in CL increased significantly in the second part of oestrous cycle and after regression. In contrast, the highest mRNA expression for Cx43 in CL was detected during the early luteal phase. After induced luteolysis the mRNA expression of Cx26 increased significantly at 24 h. As shown by immunofluorescence, Cx26 was predominantly localized in the connective tissue and blood vessels of bovine CL, whereas Cx43 was present in the luteal cells and blood vessels. This resulted in a strong increase of Cx26 expression during the late luteal phase and after luteal regression. Subsequently, Cx43 expression was distinctly decreased after luteal regression. These data suggest that Cx26 and Cx43 are involved in the local cellular mechanisms participating in tissue remodelling during the critical time around periovulation as well as during CL formation (angiogenesis), function and regression in the bovine ovary. 相似文献
12.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) due to their lipophilic properties can be easily accumulated in animal and human body and elicit diverse effects causing impairment of reproductive processes. Since these compounds were not be able to affect directly the luteal steroidogenesis, the aim of the present study was to verify hypothesis that PCBs can impair the effect of LH on the secretory function of luteal cells. Bovine luteal cells from different stages of the oestrous cycle (days 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18) were exposed for 72h to various congeners of PCBs (PCB 126, PCB 77 and PCB 153) at the doses of 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml, in the presence or absence of LH (100 ng/ml), to determine the possible effect of these compounds on progesterone (P4) and ovarian oxytocin (OT) secretion. Only PCB 77 on days 1-5 and 16-18 increased P4 secretion. All PCBs decreased LH-simulated secretion of P4 from luteal cells obtained from all days of luteal phase. Dioxin-like congener (PCB 126) inhibited (P<0.05) the most evidently LH effect on P4 secretion. All congeners, except the lower doses of PCB 126, increased (P<0.05) OT secretion. They can also increase LH-stimulated secretion of OT, but the effect was dependent on the congener used and on the phase of oestrous cycle. On days 1-5 and 10-15, PCB 126 diminished LH-stimulated effect on OT secretion from luteal cells. PCB 77 (mimickig both dioxin and estradiol effect) in the higher doses, amplified effect of LH-stimulated OT secretion, while on all other days it diminished LH influence. PCB 153, which has estrogen-like properties, amplified LH effect on OT secretion during all studied days of the cycle. We conclude that PCBs (supposedly via estrogen and arylhydrocarbon - AhR receptor) may directly affect LH-stimulated function of CL. This does not appear to be a direct adverse effect on luteal steroidogenesis, but rather indirect on OT secretion from or within CL. 相似文献
13.
B. Berisha S. Schilffarth R. Kenngott F. Sinowatz H. H. D. Meyer D. Schams 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2013,42(4):292-303
The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression, protein concentration and localization of the assumedly important lymphangiogenic factors VEGFC and VEGFD and the receptor FLT4 in bovine corpora lutea (CL) during different physiological stages. In experiment 1, CL were collected in a slaughterhouse and stages (days 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12, 13–16, >18) of oestrous cycle and month <3, 3–5, 6–7 and >8 of pregnancy. In experiment 2, prostaglandin F2α (PGF)‐induced luteolysis was performed in 30 cows, which were injected with PGF analogue on day 8–12 (mid‐luteal phase), and CL were collected before and 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF injection. The mRNA expression was characterized by RT‐qPCR. All three factors were clearly expressed and showed significant changes during different groups and periods examined in both experiments. Protein concentrations of VEGFD and FLT4 measured by ELISA were not detectable in early cyclic CL but increased to higher plateau levels during pregnancy. After PGF‐induced luteolysis FLT4 protein showed an increase within 2–24 h after the injection. FLT4 localization by immunohistochemistry in the cytoplasm of luteal cells was relatively weak in early CL. It increased in late CL and especially in CL during pregnancy. During pregnancy, a positive FLT4 staining in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of lymphatic endothelial cells in peripheral tissue was observed. In conclusion, our results lead to the assumption that lymphangiogenic factors are produced and regulated in CL and may be involved in mechanisms regulating CL function, especially during pregnancy. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this overview is to highlight important steps of ovarian regulation during follicle development, ovulation and the life span of corpus luteum (CL) in ruminants. The ovarian cycle is central to reproductive function. It is characterized by repeating patterns of cellular proliferation, differentiation and transformation that encompass follicular development and ovulation as well as the formation, function and regression of the CL. In the first part, the importance and regulation of final follicle growth and especially of angiogenesis and blood flow during folliculogenesis, dominant follicle development and CL formation are described. Our results underline the importance of growth factors especially of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) for development and completion of a dense network of capillaries (angiogenesis) during follicle growth and CL formation. In the second part, the regulation of CL function by endocrine/paracrine and autocrine acting regulators is discussed. There is evidence that besides the main endocrine hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) local regulators as growth factors, peptides, steroids and prostaglandins are important modulators of luteal function. During early CL development until midluteal stage oxytocin (OT), prostaglandins and progesterone (P) itself stimulate luteal cell proliferation and function supported by the luteotropic action of a number of growth factors. The still high mRNA expression, protein concentration and localization of VEGF, FGF and IGF family members in the cytoplasm of luteal cells during midluteal stage suggest that they play pivotal role in the maintenance (survival) of this endocrine tissue. The major function of the CL is to secrete P. Progesterone itself regulates the length of the estrous cycle via influencing the timing of the luteolytic PGF2alpha signal from the endometrium. At the end of a nonfertile cycle, the regression of CL commences, steroidogenic capacity is lost (functional luteolysis), cell death is initiated, and tissue involution as well as resorption occurs within a few days (structural luteolysis). The cascade of mediators during luteolysis is very complex and still awaits elucidation. Evidence is given for participation of blood flow, inflammatory cytokines, vasoactive peptides (angiotensin II and endothelin-1), and decrease of the classical luteotropic mediators. 相似文献
15.
Neural regulation of the bovine corpus luteum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ovarian noradrenergic stimulation or noradrenaline (NA) administration directly to the ovary in cow increases ovarian oxytocin (OT) release and post-translational processing of OT synthesis within a few minutes has been established in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Furthermore, NA affects progesterone secretion and its synthesis by an increase of cytochrome P450scc and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. This effect is mediated via luteal cell beta(1)- and beta(2)-receptors. Their total amount correlates with peripheral progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase and this reflects the ability of the ovary to react to beta-stimulation. On the other hand, ovarian denervation causes a decrease of steroidogenic activity in the CL, an increase of beta-receptors on luteal cells, a delay in follicular development and the disruption of cyclicity. Moreover, decrease of progesterone secretion by 20-30% was seen after brief pharmacological blockade of ovarian beta-receptors in the mid-cycle of cattle. We assume that tonic beta-stimulation of the CL ensures the basal secretion of progesterone, whereas acute noradrenergic activation supports the CL during stressful situations which could impair its function. Conversely, long-lasting increase in blood catecholamine concentrations markedly decreases the number of beta-receptors in CL, presumably due to their down-regulation. Concentrations of dopamine (DA) within the CL are highly correlated with those of NA during the estrous cycle, and are higher in the newly-formed than in the developed corpus luteum, the regressed corpus luteum or the corpus luteum of pregnant females. Bovine CL can synthesise de novo NA from DA as a precursor. Concluding, presented data indicate that noradrenergic stimulation can be an important part of mechanism supporting secretory function of CL. 相似文献
16.
The expression and concentration of follistatin and activin change during oestrous cycle suggesting their involvement in the regulation of follicular development. The aim of this study was to determine the level, source and potential role of follistatin in the sheep ovary. Follistatin in ovarian venous blood, measured by radioimmunoassay, remained at its low level from follicular phase (day ?1 and 0) to mid‐luteal phase (days 11–13) phase but were significantly elevated during the late luteal phase (days 14 and 15) when corpora lutea underwent regression. Western blot analyses of follicular fluid at day 15 of the cycle showed two strong bands at 42 and 45 kDa and weakly stained bands at 39 and 31 kDa. At day 0, these bands became weaker and the 39 kDa band became undetectable. However, there were no differences in follistatin concentrations between ovaries with and without functional corpus luteum (CL) during the whole luteal phase. In addition, although the ovaries of Booroola ewes normally contain more corpora lutea than those of normal merino ewes, follistatin concentrations in both jugular and ovarian venous blood were similar in Booroola and normal merino ewes. It is concluded that the secretion of follistatin from the ovary is not related to the formation of CL or high ovulation rate of Booroola ewes. The elevation in follistatin concentration in follicular fluid and ovarian blood during late luteal phase may indicate a dual role of follistatin in the luteolysis of existing CL and development of new follicle cohort. 相似文献
17.
The objective of the present study was to describe morphology and function of the Corpora lutea (CL) during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in sheep with different ovulation rates. In total 40 Booroola. Mutton Merino crosses [heterozygous carriers (FecBFec+) and non-carriers (Fec+Fec+) of the Booroola-fecundity gene (FecB)] with ovulation rates 1 to 4 were examined. During the oestrous cycle (n = 20) and the first month of pregnancy (n = 20) blood samples were taken daily (radioimmunoassay of progesterone) and an ultrasonic ovary diagnosis was conducted. The ewes were scanned transrectally with a 7.5 MHz linear probe lying in a dorsal position. During every examination the CL could be detected. The number and the diameter of the CL were documented and the total volume of luteal tissue per ewe was calculated. The effect of the ovulation rate on CL-morphology (diameter and total volume of luteal tissue per ewe) and peripheral progesterone concentrations were assessed by one-way ANOVA. On day 6 and 7 post ovulationem in cyclic and early pregnant sheep 42% of the diagnosed CL had a cavity. On day 11 (cyclic sheep) and day 10 post ovulationem (early pregnant sheep) this number decreased to 22% (p < 0.05). Both conditions of the CL (compact or with a central cavity) are similar in function and should be regarded as appearances of the same basic process. From the third day onwards the ovulation rate influenced significantly (p < 0.05) the development of the outside diameters of the CL. However, the ovulation rate had no effect on the total volume of the luteal tissue per sheep and on the progesterone concentrations. Yet, in sheep with the ovulation rate 1 significantly lower progesterone concentrations were determined than in sheep with the ovulation rates 2 to 4. In sheep with the ovulation rates 2 to 4 the peripheral progesterone concentrations did not differ significantly. In cyclic and pregnant sheep there is a positive correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) between the progesterone concentration and the total volume of luteal tissue. Considering the smaller diameters of the preovulatory follicles it seems that the development of the CL continues until a threshold-value of progesterone and/or of the total luteal tissue is exceeded. Ewes with low ovulation rates reach this threshold-value with only a few but large CL. With increasing ovulation rate the CL tend to have smaller diameters. 相似文献
18.
Secretion of angiogenic activity and progesterone by ovine luteal cell types in vitro 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the first experiment, minced luteal tissues from cyclic ewes (n = 5) were incubated for 6 h. Media conditioned by these luteal tissue explants stimulated proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. In a second experiment, corpora lutea (CL) from superovulated ewes (n = 12) were dissociated (two ewes/dispersion) and separated into three fractions: a non-elutriated fraction containing a mixed population of luteal cells, a fraction enriched with small steroidogenic luteal cells, and a fraction containing primarily large steroidogenic luteal cells. Fractions (2 X 10(5) viable steroidogenic luteal cells per milliliter of medium) were incubated with LH in doses of 0, .1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml for 7 d. Conditioned media were collected on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 of incubation. Across all days of incubation, media from small luteal cells stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. Media from large luteal cell incubations, however, secreted an endothelial mitogen only on d 7 of culture. Mixed luteal cell cultures secreted mitogenic activity on d 3, 5, and 7 of incubation, but not on d 1. Luteinizing hormone did not influence release of mitogenic activity by any luteal cell fraction. Across all days of incubation, media from large luteal cells contained more progesterone than those from small luteal cells (528 +/- 137 vs 48 +/- 16 ng/ml with no LH). Mixed (non-elutriated) and small luteal cells increased progesterone secretion in response to LH, and this response was maintained during long-term culture. Large luteal cells did not increase progesterone secretion in response to LH. Steroidogenic activity of all cell types decreased as incubation time progressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
The present study examines the size distribution of the goat steroidogenic luteal cells throughout the oestrous cycle. Corpora lutea (CL) were collected after laparatomy on days 5, 10 and 16 of the oestrous cycle. Luteal cells were isolated from CL by collagenase digestion. Steriodogenic luteal cells were identified by staining of the cells for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, a marker for steroidogenic cells. Luteal cells having steroidogenic capacity covered a wide spectrum of sizes, ranging from 5 to 37.5 microm in diameter. There was a significant increase in mean cell diameters (p < 0.01) as CL aged. The mean cell diameter on day 5 was 11.55 +/- 0.12 microm, which was significantly increased and reached up to 19.18 +/- 0.24 mum by day 16 of the oestrous cycle. The ratio of large to small luteal cells was 0.06:1.0 on day 5 of the oestrous cycle. This ratio increased to 0.78:1.0 by day 16 of the oestrous cycle. Luteal cell size on days 5, 10 and 16 of the oestrous cycle reached its maximum at 7.5, 10 and 35 microm in diameter, respectively. Development of CL is associated with an increase in luteal cell size in goats. It is likely that small luteal cells could develop into large luteal cells as CL becomes older during oestrous cycle in goats. 相似文献