共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
小麦主茎总叶数的变异 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
小麦主茎总叶数是重要的植株性状。它也具有变异性。春型品种的主茎叶数少,冬型品种的主茎叶数多,过渡型品种居中。在不同播期中,强春性小麦的主茎叶数相近,一般春性品种变化不大。随着播期的推迟,过渡型和冬型品种的主茎总叶数逐渐发生变化,冬型品种的变化幅度大。冬播期中,在翌春出苗的情况下,所有品种的主茎总叶数都较少, 相似文献
2.
用普通小麦的春型强春性、春型春性、春型弱春性、过渡型4个品种生态型在我国纬度和海拔各不相同的10个试验点进行多年度同日春播试验；还用过渡型、冬型弱冬性、冬型冬性、冬型强冬性、冬型超强冬性5个品种生态型在纬度和海拔各不相同并且有小麦越冬期的10—12个试验点进行同日秋播试验。包括各个品种生态型在内的普通小麦，其播种至成熟的生育期天数与纬度和海拔皆呈正相关。在春播条件下。海拔不变时，纬度北移1度，生育期延长3—4天；纬度不变时，海拔每升高100米，生育期延长2—3天。在秋播条件下，海拔不变时，纬度北移1度，过渡型和冬型超强冬性品种生态型生育期延长2天左右；纬度不变时，海拔每升高100米，生育期也延长2天左右。无论春播或秋播，各型小麦品种的生育期皆与“生态高度”呈极显著正相关。生态高度每增加10000度米，生育期延长4—5天。试验研究有助于最终揭示普通小麦生育期的地理变化律。 相似文献
3.
小麦品种温光效应与主茎叶数的关系 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
小麦主茎叶数是器官建成生长发育年龄的重要标志。因此,小麦温光反应特性的差异,除表现在穗部器官建成速度与抽穗速度外,还集中表现在主茎叶片数上。研究表明主茎叶数的变异受品种遗传及温光环境的影响。在人工控制春化和光照条件下,所有供试品种的最少叶数十分接近于春性小麦的最少叶数,表明春性品种可能是小麦冬春性进化的 相似文献
4.
周年播种条件下小麦的穗发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在周年分期播种条件下对小麦冬性春性不同的各类型品种的穗分化研究表明,小麦对低温的反应属数量性的,低温诱导的是小穗原基而不是茎生长锥的伸长;生长锥下部单棱双向发展区是营养器官与生殖器官原基“过渡区”;主茎叶片数的决定时期因品种的冬性、春性类型及播种后的温度条件而异. 相似文献
5.
油菜生态特性的研究 Ⅱ.不同类型甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L.)异地异季种植的生态特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同类型的甘蓝型油菜品种和杂种 F_1异地异季种植的性状表现。春油菜、春性和半冬性类型品种夏播生育期缩短,性状变差;冬性和部分半冬性类型品种不能现蕾开花。春油菜对长日照敏感;冬油菜对长日照不敏感。我国三种类型冬油菜品种夏播与秋播的现蕾日数与全生育日数呈高度正相关。不同类型品种夏播与秋播经济性状呈显著 相似文献
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7.
<正>1小麦1.1小麦种子供种情况小麦种子生产面积28.67万hm2、产种13亿kg左右,其中半冬性品种12亿kg左右,弱春性品种1亿kg左右。秋播小麦面积536.67万hm2,与2012年秋播小麦面积持平。单位面积(亩)播种量14kg,商品种子率达90%,实际使用商品种子10亿kg,其中半冬性品种9亿kg左右,弱春性品种1亿kg左右。种子销售结束、麦播结束后,种子企业经过省内外销售没有库存种子,但经销商手中剩余种子0.4亿kg。 相似文献
8.
通过品种对温光互作反应的作用力分析和回归分析，看出供试的南方北方１７个品种可分为光敏感类群（春性，强春性），温敏感类群（冬性，强冬性），温光兼敏感类群（半冬性）。在具有不同程度春化效应的品种中，温光作用的先后也有三种类型，即春化光照并进型（半冬性），春化半提前型（冬性，强冬性），春化提前型（超强冬性、春化要求６０天以上的晚熟品种）。 相似文献
9.
Lhundrupnamgyal Hui-Hui LI Gang-Gang GUO Chemiwangmo Li-Yun GAO Ya-Wei TANG Nyematashi Dawadondrup Dolkar 《作物学报》2019,45(12):1796-1805
为提高青稞种质资源的利用效率并筛选优异杂交亲本,分别在西藏林芝和拉萨两地的春播和秋播环境下对1605份青稞种质资源进行冬春性鉴定和抽穗期多样性分析。设拉萨春播2个播期,即正常春播I和晚10 d春播II,以2个播期的抽穗期变化作为冬春性区别依据。结果表明,96.2%的西藏青稞地方品种为春性,在西藏3个生态区均有分布,冬性品种仅有3.8%,且主要分布在以林芝为主的藏东南生态区;抽穗期的Shannon-Wiener's多样性分析表明,春播条件下抽穗期多样性高于秋播,拉萨春播条件下抽穗期多样性最高,林芝春播次之,林芝秋播最低;在相同环境下,地方品种的多样性高于育成品种;在环境稳定性分析中, 368份春性地方品种和21份育成品种在不同环境中抽穗期较为稳定,其中康青3号在两地所有参试品种中抽穗期稳定性最高。本研究为全面理解西藏青稞资源的冬春性、抽穗期多样性和环境稳定性提供了参考,为广适应性青稞品种培育筛选出环境稳定性佳的亲本材料。 相似文献
10.
为进一步完善普通小麦春化特性理论基础,从不同春化特性小麦品种RNA-Seq结果中筛选得到一个春化诱导上调表达的EST序列Unigene3230,经NCBI比对与小麦wcor14a基因序列一致。为进一步明确该基因在春化过程中的功能,利用荧光定量PCR分析了wcor14a基因在非生物胁迫下的表达特性,结果显示,wcor14a基因能够响应低温、ABA、干旱等非生物胁迫。对wcor14a基因在不同春化发育特性小麦品种中的表达分析表明,该基因在不同发育特性小麦品种中的表达总体表现为春性半冬性冬性强冬性,而且表达时间表现为冬性和强冬性早于春性和半冬性。 相似文献
11.
H. Herzog 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(3):181-189
Field trials were conducted with autumn- and spring-sown faba beans in Northern Germany during four seasons to examine the expected preceding development of autumn-sown plants, its possible transformation into a higher yield potential and its dependence on sowing dates and varieties. Height, appearance of leaves, inflorescences, mature flowers, potential and actual pot set was rated weekly, and flower initiation and tillering occasionally. Comparison was made for one winter type sown in autumn and spring, and between 6 winter types and 3 spring types, in two seasons each.
Development of autumn-sown plants significantly preceded that of spring-sown in each year, regardless of the plant material used. The mean advance, diminished considerably with time due to prolonged developmental phases in autumn-sown plants which, however, did not improve vegetative, generative or reproductive potentials of main tillers. Potentials formed by the six winter types, interacted strongly with the seasons, at least in part due to changing plant densities. Thus, only a very few traits appeared typical: a short stature with few leaves for Avrissot and the opposite for Bourdon , a high number of ripening pods for Avrissot and a low number for Banner . Early compared to late sowing in autumn increased the number of leaves, and in one year even the number of mature flowers and ripening pods per tiller, but values of early sowing never exceeded those of spring sowing. Enhancement of tiller formation by early compared to late sowing diminished after spring; nevertheless about two reproductive tillers per plant in autumn-sown stands always led to a higher density of tillers than in spring-sown. 相似文献
Development of autumn-sown plants significantly preceded that of spring-sown in each year, regardless of the plant material used. The mean advance, diminished considerably with time due to prolonged developmental phases in autumn-sown plants which, however, did not improve vegetative, generative or reproductive potentials of main tillers. Potentials formed by the six winter types, interacted strongly with the seasons, at least in part due to changing plant densities. Thus, only a very few traits appeared typical: a short stature with few leaves for Avrissot and the opposite for Bourdon , a high number of ripening pods for Avrissot and a low number for Banner . Early compared to late sowing in autumn increased the number of leaves, and in one year even the number of mature flowers and ripening pods per tiller, but values of early sowing never exceeded those of spring sowing. Enhancement of tiller formation by early compared to late sowing diminished after spring; nevertheless about two reproductive tillers per plant in autumn-sown stands always led to a higher density of tillers than in spring-sown. 相似文献
12.
内蒙古平原灌区“春麦冬播”种植效应及品种适应性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对内蒙古春播小麦生育期短、干热风、高温逼熟等因素制约产量提高,且收获后光温资源极大浪费的现状,以及试种冬小麦发现的冬季冻害、春季干旱或“倒春寒”影响返青率及前茬限制等问题,本研究以“春麦冬播”种植模式为切入点,采用不同春化类型小麦品种,通过连续2年的田间试验,系统研究了不同小麦品种越冬出苗、叶片生理、根系性状及产量形成的差异,以期筛选适宜冬播的小麦品种。结果表明:供试的全部春性小麦品种及部分冬性品种可以以种子形式完成春化作用,第2年正常抽穗成熟。冬播条件下春季田间出苗率较春播小麦有所降低,但根系发达,对低温及干旱的适应性强。通过系统聚类筛选出适宜内蒙古平原灌区冬播的3个小麦品种,包括春性品种永良4号、冬性品种宁冬11号和半冬性品种河农7106,其共同特征为越冬出苗率高、抗逆性强、根系发达、产量表现较高,其中永良4号产量可达到与春播相同的水平。 相似文献
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14.
Slow leaf formation in spring is regarded as the main factor limiting sugar beet yield. It is therefore expected that yield can be enhanced when plants develop leaves earlier resulting in an extended growing period. The aim of this study was to analyse leaf and storage root growth of sugar beet plants sown in autumn or very early in spring with regard to possible yield increases. In 2005/06 and 2006/07, field trials were conducted at 4 sites with 6 sowing dates: August, beginning and mid of September, and in February, March and April. Sequential harvests were conducted to follow yield formation.Field emergence of autumn sown sugar beets was fast and reached 90% whereas in early spring it was severely restricted due to low temperature. Leaf and root yield formation of autumn and spring sown sugar beets could well be described with thermal time confirming that sugar beet growth is temperature driven and day length insensitive. Despite longer growing periods autumn sown beets did not form more cambium rings in the storage root than spring sown beets. That might be partly due to the bolting process after winter. However, early spring sown beets as well did not achieve more cambium rings than plants sown in April pointing to a presumably limited ability to adapt cambium ring formation. Because of the shift to reproductive growth, autumn sown beets formed high amounts of shoot dry matter, but not much root dry matter. Furthermore, the root dry matter consisted of a lower sugar and a higher marc content and would therefore not be suitable for sugar recovery. Earlier sowing in spring did not result in a significant yield increase because the benefit from early sowing diminished throughout the season as also obvious from the distance between the cambium rings.For bolting resistant sugar beet varieties, which are expected to be available in near future, the presented data form a basis to predict yield with models. However, it has to be investigated to what extent sugar beet growth and yield formation benefits from early sowing and extended growing periods. 相似文献
15.
2016-2017年度冬季为我国1961年以来最暖的冬季。暖冬对冬小麦越冬安全不同于冷冬年或倒春寒出现冻害的问题,冬季暖干化致使麦苗绿叶等营养器官黄枯,我们在固城站调查发现:播期由早到晚绿叶黄枯率为92.95%-41.95%,绿叶等营养器官黄枯对麦苗体质的不可逆性生理伤害和返青后营养器官恢复生长影响较大。气候变暖背景下,华北地区半冬性甚至弱春性冬小麦品种已替代了过去的强冬性或冬性品种,北方冬小麦冬性品种的适宜播种期温度指标15-18℃应做修订,依据气候变暖1.5-2℃的结论,华北地区目前种植的冬小麦半冬性品种的适宜播种期温度指标建议修订为13-16℃,由此推算出固城站冬小麦半冬性品种播种期在10月2-14日。 相似文献
16.
Outcrossing Rates in Autumn and Spring-Sown Barley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Doll 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(4):339-341
Natural outcrossing is a potential cause of the admixtures which are often observed, especially in winter barley. Outcrossing was studied in yield trials with hap laid -derived homozygous offspring, lines from tour crosses between winter and spring barley varieties. Outcrosses were recognised by heterozygosity in storage protein loci Hor1 and Hor2 as revealed by electrophoresis. Outcrossing, was, on average, about 5% in lines sown in the autumn and less than 0.5% after spring sowing. Autumn-sown lines from one of the four crosses studied had about 10% outcrosses. 相似文献
17.
Growth and Yield Response of Facultative Wheat to Winter Sowing, Freezing Sowing and Spring Sowing at Different Seeding Rates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Growth and yield of wheat are affected by environmental conditions and can be regulated by sowing time and seeding rate. In this study, three sowing times [winter sowing (first week of September), freezing sowing (last week of October) and spring sowing (last week of April)] at seven seeding rates (325, 375, 425, 475, 525, 575 and 625 seeds m?2) were investigated during the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons, in Erzurum (Turkey) dryland conditions, using Kirik facultative wheat. A split‐plot design was used, with sowing times as main plots and seeding rates randomized as subplots. There was a significant year × sowing time interaction for grain yield and kernels per spike. Winter‐sown wheat produced a significantly higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, spikes per square metre, kernel weight and grain yield than freezing‐ and spring‐sown wheat. The optimum time of sowing was winter for the facultative cv. Kirik. Grain yields at freezing and spring sowing were low, which was largely the result of hastened crop development and high temperatures during and after anthesis. Increasing seeding rate up to 525 seeds m?2 increased the spikes per square metre at harvest, resulting in increased grain yield. Seeding rate, however, was not as important as sowing time in maximizing grain yield. Changes in spikes per square metre were the major contributors to the grain‐yield differences observed among sowing times and seeding rates. Yield increases from higher seeding rates were greater at freezing and spring sowing. We recommended that a seeding rate of 525 seeds m?2 be chosen for winter sowing, and 575 seeds m?2 for freezing and spring sowing. 相似文献
18.
以光周期处理与分期播种试验综合鉴定大豆品种的光温反应 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,并以春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温条件,形成长日+低温、长日+高温、短日+低温、短日+高温4种光温组合。2007年对近年育成的10个北方春大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]品种(系)和18个黄淮海夏大豆品种(系)进行了光温反应特性鉴定。2008年对50份材料进行了光周期反应鉴定。结果表明,不论在低温(春播)还是高温(夏播)条件下,短日照均加快大豆的发育进程,导致开花提前;不论在长日照还是短日照条件下,高温均减少出苗至初花的日数。光周期和温度对大豆的发育存在明显的互作,随着温度的升高,短日照促进大豆发育的效应有所加强;随着日照的缩短,高温加快发育的作用也有所增大。供试大豆品种生态类型在光周期反应敏感度(PRS)、温度反应敏感度(TRS)及光温综合反应敏感度(PTCRS)等方面均存在显著差异。北方春大豆品种的上述3个指标均小于黄淮海夏大豆品种,但前者在不同光照条件下的温度反应敏感度差值和在不同温度条件下的光周期反应敏感度差值均较后者高,说明北方春大豆品种光温互作效应较强。 相似文献
19.
The influence of sowing date, seed rate, and variety on agricultural characteristics of winter wheat in a low external input system
Growth conditions of winter wheat in agricultural low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are very different compared to conventional agriculture (mineral nutrition, impact of diseases, competition of weeds). In 1986, 1987, and 1988 the influence of sowing date and seed rate on crop development and grain production was studied with two varieties of winter wheat in field experiments in Northern Hessia.
Drilling after the first decade of October decreases grain yield of both varieties significantly. The decrease was due to poor emergence, low plant densities, and low grain weights. Tillering could not compensate low plant densities, presumably because of low mineralization of nutrients in cold soils during respective growth stages.
Variation of seed rate (350, 500, and 650 viable seeds/m2 ) had little influence on grain yield. Low plant densities and low numbers of ears per nr after sowing in the end of October could not be improved satisfactorily by increased seed rates.
The ability of varieties of winter wheat to compensate unfavourable growth conditions due to "late" sowing varies considerably. Cultivars which are able to develop a high plant density seem to be more suitable for delayed sowing dates, as compared to varieties which own a high grain weight.
Further investigations concerning wheat production are needed to optimize agricultural low external input systems. Especially sandy soils with quick response to increased ambient temperature, and sites with favourable growth conditions in late autumn and early spring should be considered. 相似文献
Growth conditions of winter wheat in agricultural low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are very different compared to conventional agriculture (mineral nutrition, impact of diseases, competition of weeds). In 1986, 1987, and 1988 the influence of sowing date and seed rate on crop development and grain production was studied with two varieties of winter wheat in field experiments in Northern Hessia.
Drilling after the first decade of October decreases grain yield of both varieties significantly. The decrease was due to poor emergence, low plant densities, and low grain weights. Tillering could not compensate low plant densities, presumably because of low mineralization of nutrients in cold soils during respective growth stages.
Variation of seed rate (350, 500, and 650 viable seeds/m
The ability of varieties of winter wheat to compensate unfavourable growth conditions due to "late" sowing varies considerably. Cultivars which are able to develop a high plant density seem to be more suitable for delayed sowing dates, as compared to varieties which own a high grain weight.
Further investigations concerning wheat production are needed to optimize agricultural low external input systems. Especially sandy soils with quick response to increased ambient temperature, and sites with favourable growth conditions in late autumn and early spring should be considered. 相似文献