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大麦黑穗病是大麦生产中以种子带菌传播的常见病害,对种子进行有效的消毒处理,可基本预防本病,达到增加单位面积产量、提高经济效益的目的。本试验着重研究大麦种衣剂（拌种剂）不同剂型包衣（拌种）处理,对大麦黑穗病的预防效果,为大面积生产提供可靠依据。1试验处理①12％福酮种衣剂,药种比1：50包衣（福10．8％、酮1．2％）。②12％多酮种衣剂,药种比1：SO包衣（多10．8％、酮1．2％）。③2％三哩酮种衣剂,药种比1：50包衣。④0．35戊峻酿种衣剂,药种比1：50包衣。⑤立克秀拌种剂拌种（2％立克秀10g加清水100～150ml调成糊状,… 相似文献
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不同大麻品种种子萌发期耐重金属铜胁迫能力评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨不同铜浓度对9个大麻品种种子萌发期的影响,并筛选出耐铜型品种,为今后重金属污染的治理、相关工作深入展开提供理论参考。采用纸床培养法,以巴马火麻(BM)、云麻1号(Y1)、云麻6号(Y6)、晋麻1号(J1)、皖麻1号(W1)、云麻5号(Y5)、庆麻1号(Q1)、云麻7号(Y7)、云晚6号(YW6)9个大麻品种为研究对象,设置不同铜(Cu2+)浓度(0、50、100、150、300、600、900 mg/L)进行种子萌发期胁迫试验,以600 mg/L Cu2+为筛选浓度,采用隶属函数法对9个不同大麻品种进行耐铜性评价。结果表明,不同浓度的铜溶液对9个大麻的各项指标均有影响,且随着胁迫强度的增强,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长、鲜重、侧根数量均有明显下降,与对照相比差异显著,高浓度重金属铜对大麻萌发有抑制作用。利用隶属函数将9个大麻品种分类,其结果为:Y1、Q1、BM为低耐铜型,J1、Y5、W1为中耐铜型,Y7、Y6、YW6为高耐铜型。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2017,(5)
以3个主栽品种大麻(云麻1号、庆大麻、皖大麻1号)为材料,研究了不同镉胁迫浓度(5、20、50μmol/L)对其种子萌发的影响。以"云麻1号"大麻为材料,研究了不同镉胁迫浓度(5、20、50μmol/L)对大麻幼苗生长、根与叶3,3'–二氨基联苯胺(DAB)染色、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及抗氧化酶活性等的影响。结果显示:种子萌发率随镉浓度升高而降低,发芽率依次为:云麻1号庆大麻皖大麻1号。"云麻1号"大麻幼根伸长在CdCl_2处理下较对照显著降低,高浓度CdCl_2处理,诱导脂质过氧化,染色着色深,大麻幼根与叶片中MDA含量在20、50μmol/L CdCl_2处理时较对照显著升高。此外,镉胁迫诱导"云麻1号"大麻幼根与叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈现先升高后降低趋势。结果表明:镉胁迫抑制大麻种子萌发、抑制"云麻1号"大麻幼根伸长;染色着色深、MDA含量增加可能与镉胁迫引起脂质过氧化,破坏细胞膜完整性有关;此外,大麻幼根与叶在镉胁迫下可通过提高抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性来清除活性氧的产生,降低脂质过氧化,保护自身免遭氧化损伤。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对不同大麻品种生理特性和生长的影响研究初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对4个不同地域来源的大麻品种:云麻1号、BM001、皖大麻1号和信阳1号的盆栽干旱胁迫试验,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对这4个大麻品种生理特性和生长的影响.结果表明:1、云麻1号和皖大麻1号的叶片含水量分别在干旱胁迫前期和后期下降幅度较大,BM001和信阳1号的叶片含水量在干旱胁迫中呈持续下降状态,说明不同的大麻品种对干旱胁迫的响应模式不同;2、在土壤含水量低于15％时,四种大麻叶片保护酶活性骤降,说明15％的土壤含水量可作为大麻抗旱栽培措施的临界点;3、干旱胁迫对BM001的株高和茎粗生长影响较其他3种品种小,说明这一品种的抗旱能力较强,可用于大麻抗旱品种的选育. 相似文献
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ZSB生物种衣剂对水稻细菌性条斑病抑制及增产效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZSB生物种衣剂是浙江省种子公司开发的一种生物型种衣剂，为明确其浸种处理对水稻细菌性条斑病（简称细条病）的抑制作用和对水稻种子发芽率、成秧率、秧苗素质、植株经济性状及产量等的效应，1996年我们在浙江省境州市黄泽镇塘头村进行了试验。主要结果如下：（－）试验设计供试药剂ZSB生物种衣剂由浙江省种子公司提供，设ZSB10s个／ml、ZSB10s个／ml、ZSBIO’个／ml三个处理，另设强氯精400倍液和清水浸种处理，三次重复，共15个小区，随机排列，小区面积18．72m’。单季杂交稻组合为协优10号。（二）试验结果1．对细条病的抑制作… 相似文献
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种衣剂4号防治花生病虫害是全国种子总站下达的科研项目,1985—1986年进行了两年试验,现将试验结果报告如下。 一、试验方法 1、试验处理:1985年三个处理:0.7种衣剂4号拌种(即35％种衣剂4号1斤拌花生种仁50斤,按有效成分计算,每百斤种仁需2斤药,其有效成分为0.70,下同);15％铁灭克每亩2斤,结合播种施于播种沟内;空白对照。1986年五个处理:0.7种衣剂4号拌种;0.3种衣剂4号拌种(即35％种衣剂4号1斤拌花生种仁117斤,每百斤花生种仁需药按其有效成分计算为0.30,下同);3％呋喃丹每亩 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2016,(3)
采用滤纸培养法,研究重金属铅(Pb)对7个工业大麻品种种子萌发及幼苗前期生长的影响,并通过隶属函数法综合评价各品种的Pb耐受能力。结果表明:Pb对多数大麻品种发芽势和发芽率无明显影响,对根的伸长生长和侧根的发育有显著抑制作用,对芽生长则表现为"低促高抑";以600 mg/L Pb为筛选浓度,以相对根冠比、相对根长、相对芽长、相对侧根数、根耐性指数和芽耐性指数为评价指标,根据隶属函数加权平均值D值大小,研究发现巴马火麻(B)、庆麻1号(Q1)、云晚6号(Y6)和云麻5号(Y5)为高耐型,皖麻1号(W1)和云麻1号(Y1)为中耐型,晋麻1号(J1)为低耐型。 相似文献
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玉米催芽播种是防止粉种 ,促进早熟 ,提高产量的一项有效措施。采用种衣剂包衣的种子 ,如果用常规的方法催芽 ,就会使一些有效成分在浸种过程中泡掉分解一部分 ,从而降低种衣剂的作用 ,包衣玉米种子如何进行催芽 ,才能达到既催芽播种 ,又能不降低或较少降低种衣剂的效果 ,我们经过 1996、1997两年的试验摸索 ,认为用热水闷种催芽方法可较好地解决这一问题。1 试验方法试验采用对比法。用不包衣的相同种子做对照 ,每次种子数量 50 0 0粒 ;品种 1996年为沈单 7号、掖单 13号 ;1997年为丹 933、丹 4 13。药种比例为 1∶50 ,种衣剂采用天津种衣… 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献