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1.
Chris J. Cappon 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,22(1):95-104
The content and chemical from of Hg and Se were determined for several samples of municipal sewage sludge and sludge ash, garden soil having a history of sludge and residential compost application, and selected fertilizer materials (peat moss, cow manure, residential compost, composted municipal refuse and sewage sludge, Miloganite). Municipal sewage sludge had the highest levels of total Hg (averaging 1240 ppb), while sludge ash had the lowest levels (averaging 5.6 ppb). Total Se levels were lowest in compost (averaging 255 ppb), while being highest in sludge ash (averaging 11550 ppb). The methylmercury percentage was fairly constant for all samples, averaging 6.0% of the total Hg content. Hexavalent Se averaged 24.3 of the total Se content, and was notably higher in sludge and fertilizer samples. Successive annual application of sludge and compost to garden soil resulted in a gradual increase of total Hg and Se in the soil, but had no significant influence on chemical form distribution for both elements. 相似文献
2.
浔郁平原不同作物的硒富集特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作物中的硒含量是影响食物链硒水平的关键因素。以浔郁平原土地质量地球化学评价项目中的农作物调查结果和多年定位试验结果为基础,探究不同作物对土壤硒的富集特征及其影响因素。结果表明:浔郁平原的覃塘、港南、桂平市和平南县等4个县(市、区)的水稻富硒率均高于86%。花生、黄豆、玉米和水稻的天然富硒率最高,富硒率依次为100%、100%、100%和89%。水稻根、茎、籽粒的生物富集系数依次下降,分别为0.663、0.130和0.108,水稻籽粒的生物富集系数远高于龙眼、荔枝和甘蔗。根系土与水稻籽粒硒含量的相关系数为0.660,远高于龙眼和荔枝。港南区作物硒与土壤pH相关系数为0.342,在碱性土壤中甘蔗茎的硒含量(0.012 1 mg/kg)最高,在酸性土壤中水稻的硒含量(0.0653mg/kg)最高。本研究中,以种子为可食部分的作物其天然富硒率较高,土壤硒含量和土壤酸碱性对水稻籽粒硒含量影响较大。 相似文献
3.
浙江富阳金属冶炼厂周围水田土壤-水稻系统中As、Se含量特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文研究了浙江富阳金属冶炼厂周围水田土壤-水稻系统中As、Se含量特征。所采土壤样品中,As含量高于土壤环境质量一、二和三级标准的分别占总数的21.15%、9.62%和7.69%。该金属冶炼厂周围88.46%的土壤属于富Se土壤。足Se土壤占总样的5.77%,过量Se土壤占3.85%,高Se土壤占5.77%。水田土壤可能受与金属冶炼有关的点源污染影响。糙米的As、Se含量高于全国糙米As、Se背景值,可食部分As、Se浓度均未超过我国规定的水稻卫生标准。 相似文献
4.
分析了黑龙江省主栽作物(水稻、大豆、玉米和小麦)叶面喷硒的效果。结果表明:原始籽粒含硒量以大豆最高,玉米最低,顺序为大豆小麦水稻玉米;而施入等量的硒后,4种作物籽粒硒含量都有明显的提升,提升幅度与喷硒量呈正相关,其中以小麦和水稻增加最高,大豆次之,玉米最少,且硒含量均在安全补硒值的范围之内。叶面喷硒后作物增产效果不明显。确定了叶面喷硒的浓度范围为11.25~22.50 g·hm~(-2),即可使水稻、大豆、玉米和小麦籽粒中硒含量满足低硒区居民补硒的需要;施硒时期综合比较,水稻的最佳喷硒时期是在扬花后期,玉米的最佳喷硒时期是在抽雄期,大豆是在初花期,小麦是在孕穗期。腐植酸硒降低了高浓度硒对作物的毒害作用,在生产实际中更具有安全性。 相似文献
5.
6.
天然富硒土壤上三种蔬菜对硒的吸收与转化差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
7.
为探明白银市平川区土壤硒分布规律和影响土壤中硒含量的因素,为保护和开发富硒土壤资源提供理论依据。我们在白银市平川区共采集土壤样本59个、农作物可食部分样品36个,通过检测分析土样全硒含量、土壤化学性状(铅、汞、镉、pH、有机质、有效硅、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰)与农作物可食部分全硒含量,研究了白银市平川区土壤与农作物全硒含量特征及其影响因素。结果表明:平川区土壤全硒平均含量为0.29 mg/kg,高出甘肃省土壤全硒平均含量45.0%,且富硒土壤母质均为冲洪积物。土壤全硒含量与土壤有机质(R2=0.32*)、有效硅(R2=0.35**)呈显著或极显著正相关。平川区各农产品全硒含量大小依次为胡麻、枸杞、藜麦、菊芋、玉米、马铃薯。平川区土壤硒含量有区域差异,西北部高于东南部,且灌区高于旱作区。土壤母质、有机质含量、有效硅含量是决定土壤富硒的主要因子,富集系数是各农产品全硒平均含量产生较大差异的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
Effects of selenium supplementation on four agricultural crops 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Carvalho KM Gallardo-Williams MT Benson RF Martin DF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(3):704-709
Agricultural crops can be used either to remediate selenium-contaminated soils or to increase the daily selenium intake of consumers after soil supplementation using inorganic or organic selenium sources. In this study, four agricultural crops were examined for potential selenium enhancement. Soils containing tomato, strawberry, radish, and lettuce plants were supplemented with either an inorganic or an organic form of selenium. Two different soils, i.e., low Se and high Se containing, were also used. Statistically significant differences in appearance, fruit production, and fresh weights of the fruit produced were studied. Next, the amount of selenium retained in the edible fruits, nonedible plant, and soil for each was analyzed by acid digestion followed by hydride generation atomic absorption analysis. Finally, inhibition effects on the seeds of the agricultural plants were studied. The results show that supplementation with an inorganic form of selenium led to higher retention in the plants, with a maximum of 97.5% retained in the edible portion of lettuce plants. 相似文献
9.
Nutritional and toxicological importance of macro, trace, and ultra-trace elements in algae food products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dawczynski C Schäfer U Leiterer M Jahreis G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10470-10475
The content of 5 macro elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P), 6 trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, and I), and 4 ultra-trace elements (As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in 34 edible dried seaweed products of brown algae (Laminaria sp., Undaria pinnatifida, and Hizikia fusiforme) and red algae (Porphyra sp.) originated from China, Japan, and Korea and bought by retail in Germany was determined. The content of these elements was analyzed by spectrometric methods (ICP-AES, ICP-MS, HGAAS, and CVAAS). Assuming a daily intake with 5 g FM of algae, the contribution of the essential elements to the diet is low, with the exception of I. Brown algae contained as much as 1316 +/- 1669 mg of I/kg FM. More than 4000 mg of I/kg FM were found in several Laminaria sp. Moreover, some brown algae, such as Hizikia fusiforme, had high contents of total As (87.7 +/- 8.2 mg/kg FM). 相似文献
10.
采集草海湿地周边主要农作物可食部分及对应根系的土壤样品,分析测试了重金属Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,As和Zn的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中重金属污染水平及对重金属的富集能力。结果表明:土壤重金属元素Zn,As,Cr平均含量未超过贵州省土壤元素背景值,其他3种重金属Pb,Cd,Hg平均值分别是背景值的1.24,1.44,7.5倍;与中国《食品中污染物限量》标准相比,除Hg平均含量超标外,蔬菜中As,Cr,Zn,Cd和Pb平均含量处在可接受范围内。6种重金属的单因子污染指数的高低依次是Hg > Pb > Cd > As > Cr > Zn,葱和萝卜处于安全水平,其余农作物处于警戒线;不同种类作物中重金属富集特征差异较大,菠菜对As,Cd,Hg,Pb的富集系数比其余作物高,萝卜叶对Cr和Zn的富集能力较强,重金属Cr富集系数最低的是玉米,Zn和Hg富集系数最低的是萝卜根,Cd和Pb富集系数最低为马铃薯,As富集能力最低的为白菜。 相似文献
11.
两个水稻品种富硒特性比较研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以前期田间试验筛选出的富硒能力较强的水稻品种捷丰优629和谷丰优8312为材料,采集硒含量不同的稻田土壤,通过盆栽试验进一步研究了两个水稻品种对土壤硒的吸收、分配及其糙米和精米中无机硒与有机硒含量的组成特点。结果表明:两个水稻品种植株的硒累积量、糙米和精米的硒含量与有机硒含量都是高硒土壤极显著高于低硒土壤,表明高硒土壤有利于稻米硒的累积与有机硒的合成,因此生产优质富硒大米最好选择硒含量较高的稻田土壤。无论在高硒土壤还是低硒土壤上,捷丰优629植株中硒累积量和籽粒中硒累积量与谷丰优8312的差异都不显著,但捷丰优629的糙米和精米中硒含量以及有机硒含量都极显著高于谷丰优8312,表明捷丰优629吸收的硒易分配到可食用部位(糙米和精米),而且其无机硒向有机硒的转化能力较强,因此综合比较来看捷丰优629富硒特性优于谷丰优8312。 相似文献
12.
Kim MY Seguin P Ahn JK Kim JJ Chun SC Kim EH Seo SH Kang EY Kim SL Park YJ Ro HM Chung IM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7265-7270
A study was conducted to determine the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidative activity of five edible and five medicinal mushrooms commonly cultivated in Korea. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, and antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase activity. A total of 28 phenolic compounds were detected in the mushrooms studied. The average total concentration of phenolic compounds was 326 microg/g, the average being of 174 microg/g in edible mushrooms and 477 microg/g in medicinal mushrooms. The average total flavonoids concentration was 49 microg/g, with averages of 22 and 76 microg/g in edible and medicinal mushrooms, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities ranged between 15 (Pleurotus eryngii) and 70% (Ganoderma lucidum) when reaction time was for 1 min. When reaction time was 30 min, the values ranged between 5 (Pleurotus eryngii) and 78% (Agaricus bisporus). The SOD activity averaged 28% among the 10 mushroom species, averages for edible and medicinal mushrooms being comparable. DPPH activities was significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with total content of phenolic compounds in edible mushrooms, while in medicinal mushrooms there was a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between SOD activity and total concentration of phenolic compounds. Numerous significant positive correlations were observed between phenolic compounds detected and antioxidative potential. 相似文献
13.
Hidekazu YAMADA Ayumi KAMADA Mami USUKI Junta YANAI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(5):616-622
To evaluate the selenium (Se) level in agricultural soils in Japan and to investigate its determining factors, 180 soil samples were collected from the surface layer of paddy or upland fields in Japan and their total Se contents were determined. Finely ground soil (50 mg) was wet-digested with HNO3 and HClO4 solution and the released Se was reduced to Se(IV). The concentration of Se(IV) was then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector after treatment with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene and extraction with cyclohexane. The total Se content ranged from 0.05 to 2.80 mg kg−1 with geometric and arithmetic means of 0.43 and 0.51 mg kg−1 , respectively. The overall data showed a log-normal distribution. In terms of soil type, volcanic soils and peat soils had relatively high Se content and regosols and gray lowland soils had relatively low Se content. In terms of land use, upland soils had significantly higher Se content than paddy soils. Among regions, soils in the Kanto, Tohoku, Hokkaido and Kyushu regions had relatively high content. The total Se content had a significant positive correlation with the organic carbon content ( P < 0.01) and the equation for the estimation of total Se content with organic carbon suggested that on average approximately 48% (0.24 mg kg−1 ) of the total Se was in inorganic forms and approximately 52% (0.25 mg kg−1 ) was in organic forms. Soil pH, on the contrary, did not show a significant relationship with the total Se content. In conclusion, the organic matter content, in combination with volcanic materials, was the main determining factor of the total Se content of agricultural soils in Japan. 相似文献
14.
为了探讨大骨节病区土壤元素分布特征及其与大骨节病之间的关系,以病情相对严重的四川省壤塘县为研究区域,采集了0~20 cm和20~40 cm自然土壤和耕作土壤样品,测定其机械组成和Se等9种微量元素。深层土壤中Fe2O3、Co、Se等元素及物理性黏粒的含量略高于表层土壤,而Mo等元素及物理性砂粒的含量则在表层土壤中的含量稍高一些。由于当地土壤受人类活动的影响较小,因而土壤剖面或土层之间的元素含量和机械组成并无明显差异(p>0.05)。土壤Mo和Se元素的缺乏导致农作物对这两种元素吸收量的减少,进而造成当地人群特别是儿童处于低Se、低Mo营养状态,这与当地大骨节病病情的关系密切。受母岩和成土作用等的共同影响,理化性质相似的化学元素表现出较好的正相关关系,如Fe2O3、Co、Mn之间呈显著正相关(p<0.01),Zn与Cu、Hg也呈显著正相关关系(p<0.01),但是,这些元素与大骨节病临床患病率均无显著相关性(p>0.05)。按大骨节病病情严重程度将所涉及到的行政村平均分为四组:Ⅰ病区(n=6,患病率14.02%~19.87%),Ⅱ病区(n=6,患病率24.62%~28.20%),Ⅲ病区(n=6,患病率28.45%~36.26%),Ⅳ病区(n=5,患病率37.30%~53.66%)。由于土壤黏粒和Fe2O3对Se的吸附作用,它们在不同病区的分布特征相同,即土壤黏粒、Fe2O3和Se的含量越低,大骨节病的病情越严重。随病情加重土壤Hg含量呈逐步升高的趋势,但在低Se、低Hg条件下两者是否存在相互作用尚需深入研究。 相似文献
15.
AbstractTo evaluate labile selenium (Se) content in agricultural soils in Japan and to investigate its determining factors, 178 soil samples were collected from the surface layer of paddy or upland fields in Japan and their soluble Se contents were determined. Two grams of soil was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1 mol L?1 sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution for 30 min in boiling water, and the released Se was reduced to Se (IV) after organic matter decomposition. The concentration of Se (IV) was then determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector after treatment with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and extraction with cyclohexane. Soluble Se content ranged from 2.5 to 44.5 μg kg?1 with geometric and arithmetic means of 11.4 and 12.8 μg kg?1, respectively, and corresponded to 3.2% of the total Se on average. The overall data showed log-normal distribution. In terms of soil type, Non-allophanic Andosols and Volcanogenous Regosols had relatively high soluble Se content, and Wet Andosols and Lowland Paddy soils had relatively low soluble Se content. In terms of land use, upland soils had significantly higher soluble Se content than paddy soils (p < 0.01). The soluble Se content had significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) content of the extract, soil pH and total Se content (p < 0.01). In conclusion, total Se content in combination with soil pH was the main determining factor of the soluble Se content of agricultural soils in Japan. 相似文献
16.
Jiřina Száková Lukáš Praus Jana Tremlová Martin Kulhánek Pavel Tlustoš 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(9):1240-1254
The Czech Republic is characterized by a low Se soil content, resulting in Se deficiency in crops, humans, and animals. This study investigated the response of oilseed rape to foliar application of selenate solution in a microscale field experiment conducted at two locations differing in soil and climatic conditions but with comparable total Se contents. Sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was applied at two rates (25 and 50 g Se ha?1). The potential effect of Se application on the uptake of essential elements was also evaluated. The foliar Se application resulted in an effective stepwise increase in the Se contents of all the plant components studied (leaves > stems > roots > siliques ~ seeds), as expected. No significant influence of Se fortification on the other investigated macro- and microelements was observed. However, the soil and climatic conditions influenced the Se uptake, such that a higher Se content was observed in plants grown in the most acidic location (Cambisol soil) that had a higher oxidizable carbon content and higher average annual rainfall compared to the less acidic location (Luvisol soil). These observations indicated the necessity to optimize the Se application for the particular soil and climatic conditions to achieve a maximum biofortification effect. 相似文献
17.
Concentrations of 14 elements (Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) were measured in the dorsal muscle of omnivorous white suckers and brown bullheads, fish likely to ingest sediment while feeding. The fish were collected in two acidic Adirondack lakes known to have elevated concentrations of several of these elements in their surface sediment. Trace element concentrations in the muscle of the white suckers and brown bullheads were compared with government guidelines for edible fish and survey data for concentrations present in commercial species. Only the largest white sucker exceeded the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's guidelines for Hg in food of 1 ppm (wet wt). Concentrations of all the other elements measured were at low or innocuous levels in the edible muscle. A significant positive correlation was found between body weight and Hg concentrations in both species. Zinc was negatively correlated for the same parameters in white suckers. With the possible exception of Hg, our results indicate that elevated levels of potentially toxic elements in the surface sediment of the two acidic Adirondack lakes are not reflected in the edible muscle of the omnivorous bottom feeding fish present in these systems. 相似文献
18.
田间小区试验研究了喷施亚硒酸钠不同浓度、时期、品种对紫云英硒含量的影响,结果表明:在120~360mg L-1亚硒酸钠溶液浓度范围内对紫云英鲜草产量可增产9.32%~14.8%,到420mg L-1对紫云英有轻微中毒现象,鲜草产量减产;在0~360 mg L-1浓度范围内,紫云英茎叶和花蕾的含硒量、硒蛋白含量和蛋白硒含量随喷施浓度的提高而增加,到420mg L-1紫云英茎叶和花蕾的硒含量降低。紫云英的茎叶浸出液的硒含量在0~300 mg L-1的范围内变化很小,但花蕾的浸出液的硒含量较大。在不同生长时期喷施对紫云英的硒含量影响较小,但随喷施时期的延迟对紫云英有机硒的含量有显著降低。不同品种紫云英在未喷施硒的情况下影响较小,喷施硒后,品种间有一定的差异,闽紫1号硒含量最高。 相似文献
19.
Hintze KJ Lardy GP Marchello MJ Finley JW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(14):3938-3942
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient with multiple human health benefits; the single most important dietary source of Se is beef. The Se content of beef varies, and cattle fed a high selenium diet may have Se concentrations in beef that are well above average. Such beef is potentially a unique supplemental source of dietary Se. To examine factors affecting Se accumulation in beef, 16 steers (initial wt 374.4 +/- 33.7 kg) were taken from seleniferous or nonseleniferous areas and fed in a 2 x 2 factorial design with diets high or moderate in Se (11.9 or 0.62 mg Se/kg diet). Diets contained 50% alfalfa, 25% wheat, and 25% corn on a dry matter basis. All dietary Se was from agricultural products, and Se in the high Se diet was primarily from high Se wheat and alfalfa hay. A loin muscle biopsy was taken at the start of the trial to determine initial Se content of beef. Steers were slaughtered after 14 weeks of the trial, and edible carcass (round, sirloin, shoulder clod, and ribeye) and organ samples were collected. Diets did not affect growth or feed intake (P > 0.05), and Se toxicity signs were not observed. Different cuts of meat had similar Se concentrations, and the Se content of all cuts was increased by both high dietary Se and high Se background. Except for liver and kidney, Se in tissues was increased by seleniferous background (P < 0.02) and high dietary Se (P < 0.001). Kidney Se concentrations of animals fed the high Se diet were lowest in animals from seleniferous areas (P = 0.04), suggesting a possible adaptation to the high Se diet. These results demonstrate that cattle fed diets high in Se from agricultural products will accumulate substantial amounts of Se in the beef without developing signs of Se toxicity and that prior Se status regulates Se accumulation in some organs. They further demonstrate that management practices may be altered so as to make beef a significant source of dietary Se. 相似文献
20.
为了明确叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对黑豆硒吸收转运特征及籽粒硒形态的影响,采用小区试验在黑豆结荚兴盛期进行一次性叶面喷施亚硒酸钠(施硒量分别为0、6、12、18和24 mg·m-2)处理,分析比较不同浓度亚硒酸钠处理下黑豆产量、各器官硒含量、籽粒有机硒转化率和品质性状的差异。结果表明,各施硒水平对黑豆各器官总硒含量均有提升作用,在24 mg·m-2硒处理时各器官总硒含量最大,根、茎、荚和籽粒硒含量分别较对照提高了8.74、8.37、9.85和65.21倍,硒处理后各器官总硒含量呈现籽粒>根≈荚>茎的特点。籽粒中硒以有机硒形态存在,且有机硒转化率随着亚硒酸钠浓度的增加呈下降趋势,在0、6、12、18和24 mg·m-2施硒处理时,有机硒含量分别为0.071 4、1.101 8、1.510 6、1.811 1和2.093 5 mg·kg-1,有机硒转化率分别为94.52%、84.81%、70.30%、60.11%和52.43%。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠显著提高了黑豆籽粒蛋白质含量和分离蛋白硒含量,但对脂肪含量的影响较小,在24 mg·m-2硒处理时蛋白质含量和分离蛋白硒含量分别较对照增加了2.4个百分点和117.35倍,分离蛋白硒含量占有机硒和总硒含量的比例分别为90.29%和47.39%。适宜浓度亚硒酸钠叶面喷施对黑豆产量具有促进作用,但浓度过高导致增产效果减弱。综上,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠可提高黑豆各器官总硒含量,但黑豆籽粒有机硒转化率随喷施浓度的增加呈下降趋势,且黑豆籽粒有机硒主要以蛋白质形式存在。本研究结果为应用外源硒强化技术生产富硒黑豆提供了科学依据。 相似文献