共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pfeffer S Zavolan M Grässer FA Chien M Russo JJ Ju J John B Enright AJ Marks D Sander C Tuschl T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5671):734-736
RNA silencing processes are guided by small RNAs that are derived from double-stranded RNA. To probe for function of RNA silencing during infection of human cells by a DNA virus, we recorded the small RNA profile of cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We show that EBV expresses several microRNA (miRNA) genes. Given that miRNAs function in RNA silencing pathways either by targeting messenger RNAs for degradation or by repressing translation, we identified viral regulators of host and/or viral gene expression. 相似文献
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依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶(RDR)能够以单链RNA为模版合成互补RNA链,产生双链RNA。双链RNA在细胞内被类似RNaseⅢ的酶DCL加工成20～24 nt的小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)。siRNA可以在转录水平或转录后水平抑制靶基因的表达。RDR通过基因沉默途径参与植物的生长发育调节、逆境应答以及表观遗传修饰等许多生物学过程。加深对植物RDR表达模式、生化活性及生物学功能等方面的理解将有利于植物基因沉默的发展和运用。 相似文献
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Hammond SM Boettcher S Caudy AA Kobayashi R Hannon GJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5532):1146-1150
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Baulcombe DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5494):1108-1109
Eukaryotic cells have developed an elegant system called RNA silencing for getting rid of foreign RNAs whether they be of viral, retrotransposon, or transgene origin. In his Perspective, Baulcombe examines new findings (Wu-Scharf et al.) showing that in a green alga the gene responsible for RNA silencing encodes an RNA helicase (related to proteins in worms and other organisms) that is required for regulation of gene expression at the RNA level. 相似文献
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Ribo-gnome: the big world of small RNAs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Small RNA guides--microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs, 21 to 30 nucleotides in length--shape diverse cellular pathways, from chromosome architecture to stem cell maintenance. Fifteen years after the discovery of RNA silencing, we are only just beginning to understand the depth and complexity of how these RNAs regulate gene expression and to consider their role in shaping the evolutionary history of higher eukaryotes. 相似文献
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Ancient pathways programmed by small RNAs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zamore PD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5571):1265-1269
Double-stranded RNA can now be used in a wide variety of eukaryotes to suppress the expression of virtually any gene, allowing the rapid analysis of that gene's function, a technique known as RNA interference. But how cells use the information in double-stranded RNA to suppress gene expression and why they contain the machinery to do so remain the subjects of intense scrutiny. Current evidence suggests that RNA interference and other "RNA silencing" phenomena reflect an elaborate cellular apparatus that eliminates abundant but defective messenger RNAs and defends against molecular parasites such as transposons and viruses. 相似文献
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双链RNA激发的植物基因沉默及其在植物育种上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在生物体内,存在大量的非编码RNA(ncRNA),小干扰RNA(siRNA)是其中一种,由双链RNA切割形成,能干扰基因表达,激发转录后的基因沉默。尽管双链RNA干扰是把基因"敲低"而不是"敲除",但它的高效和易操作性使之成为研究植物基因功能的有用工具,并通过转基因途径用于植物改良。与反义RNA技术和共抑制技术相比,RNA干扰对基因的沉默效率高,效果稳定。单基因RNA干扰就可调控多基因家族控制的农艺性状,而不必累积单基因突变。把病毒基因构建成反向重复结构转入植物体内,其转录出的RNA会通过分子内序列互补形成双链结构,激发转基因植物的RNA干扰机制,将入侵病毒的同源序列降解,使转基因植株获得对病毒的抗性。RNA干扰型抗病毒转基因植株中,转病毒基因的mRNA不存在或存在量很少,也不会翻译成有功能的病毒蛋白质,因此不存在病毒RNA重组、异源包装及协生作用的潜在生物风险,具有较高的生物安全性。 相似文献
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In the Drosophila germline, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous selfish genetic elements such as retrotransposons and repetitive sequences. Whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derive from both the sense and antisense strands of their double-stranded RNA precursors, rasiRNAs arise mainly from the antisense strand. rasiRNA production appears not to require Dicer-1, which makes microRNAs (miRNAs), or Dicer-2, which makes siRNAs, and rasiRNAs lack the 2',3' hydroxy termini characteristic of animal siRNA and miRNA. Unlike siRNAs and miRNAs, rasiRNAs function through the Piwi, rather than the Ago, Argonaute protein subfamily. Our data suggest that rasiRNAs protect the fly germline through a silencing mechanism distinct from both the miRNA and RNA interference pathways. 相似文献
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Intersection of the RNA interference and X-inactivation pathways 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female. The noncoding Xist gene initiates silencing of the X chromosome, whereas its antisense partner Tsix blocks silencing. The complementarity of Xist and Tsix RNAs has long suggested a role for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that murine Xist and Tsix form duplexes in vivo. During XCI, the duplexes are processed to small RNAs (sRNAs), most likely on the active X (Xa) in a Dicer-dependent manner. Deleting Dicer compromises sRNA production and derepresses Xist. Furthermore, without Dicer, Xist RNA cannot accumulate and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is blocked on the inactive X (Xi). The defects are partially rescued by truncating Tsix. Thus, XCI and RNAi intersect, down-regulating Xist on Xa and spreading silencing on Xi. 相似文献
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Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Katayama S Tomaru Y Kasukawa T Waki K Nakanishi M Nakamura M Nishida H Yap CC Suzuki M Kawai J Suzuki H Carninci P Hayashizaki Y Wells C Frith M Ravasi T Pang KC Hallinan J Mattick J Hume DA Lipovich L Batalov S Engström PG Mizuno Y Faghihi MA Sandelin A Chalk AM Mottagui-Tabar S Liang Z Lenhard B Wahlestedt C;RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group;Genome Science Group 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5740):1564-1566
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Argonaute proteins form the functional core of the RNA-induced silencing complexes that mediate RNA silencing in eukaryotes. The 2.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human Argonaute2 (Ago2) reveals a bilobed molecule with a central cleft for binding guide and target RNAs. Nucleotides 2 to 6 of a heterogeneous mixture of guide RNAs are positioned in an A-form conformation for base pairing with target messenger RNAs. Between nucleotides 6 and 7, there is a kink that may function in microRNA target recognition or release of sliced RNA products. Tandem tryptophan-binding pockets in the PIWI domain define a likely interaction surface for recruitment of glycine-tryptophan-182 (GW182) or other tryptophan-rich cofactors. These results will enable structure-based approaches for harnessing the untapped therapeutic potential of RNA silencing in humans. 相似文献
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Increasingly complex networks of small RNAs act through RNA-interference (RNAi) pathways to regulate gene expression, to mediate antiviral responses, to organize chromosomal domains, and to restrain the spread of selfish genetic elements. Historically, RNAi has been defined as a response to double-stranded RNA. However, some small RNA species may not arise from double-stranded RNA precursors. Yet, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, such species guide Argonaute proteins to silencing targets through complementary base-pairing. Silencing can be achieved by corecruitment of accessory factors or through the activity of Argonaute itself, which often has endonucleolytic activity. As a specific and adaptive regulatory system, RNAi is used throughout eukarya, which indicates a long evolutionary history. A likely function of RNAi throughout that history is to protect the genome from both pathogenic and parasitic invaders. 相似文献
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RNA干涉(RNA interference,RNA1)是由双链RNA导入而引起的转录后基因沉默,它可以作为一种有力的工具在多种有机体中抑制特异性基因的表达。文章简要介绍了RNA干涉的发现史、作用机制、特点及该项技术的用途。RNA1的作用机制可以分为起始阶段和效应阶段。双链RNA被Dicer消化成siRNAs(small interfermg RNAs),进一步形成RNA诱导沉默复合物(RNA-mduced silencmg complex,or RISC),在siRNAs的引导下切割靶mRNA。RNAi技术在疾病的基因治疗、功能基因组学及细胞信号通路分析等力面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献