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Epigenetic reprogramming in plant and animal development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Epigenetic modifications of the genome are generally stable in somatic cells of multicellular organisms. In germ cells and early embryos, however, epigenetic reprogramming occurs on a genome-wide scale, which includes demethylation of DNA and remodeling of histones and their modifications. The mechanisms of genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation, which involve modifications to 5-methylcytosine and DNA repair, are being unraveled. Epigenetic reprogramming has important roles in imprinting, the natural as well as experimental acquisition of totipotency and pluripotency, control of transposons, and epigenetic inheritance across generations. Small RNAs and the inheritance of histone marks may also contribute to epigenetic inheritance and reprogramming. Reprogramming occurs in flowering plants and in mammals, and the similarities and differences illuminate developmental and reproductive strategies. 相似文献
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Fertile queens and sterile workers are alternative forms of the adult female honeybee that develop from genetically identical larvae following differential feeding with royal jelly. We show that silencing the expression of DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3, a key driver of epigenetic global reprogramming, in newly hatched larvae led to a royal jelly-like effect on the larval developmental trajectory; the majority of Dnmt3 small interfering RNA-treated individuals emerged as queens with fully developed ovaries. Our results suggest that DNA methylation in Apis is used for storing epigenetic information, that the use of that information can be differentially altered by nutritional input, and that the flexibility of epigenetic modifications underpins, profound shifts in developmental fates, with massive implications for reproductive and behavioral status. 相似文献
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转座子(transposable elements,TEs)在生物体基因组可以通过转座或逆转座移动,它拷贝数的大规模增加是基因组不稳定的重要因素,因此,维持TEs沉默是宿主进化的方向。DNA甲基化被认为是沉默TEs的可遗传表观遗传修饰方式,同时也在维持基因组稳定、基因印迹、调节基因表达中发挥作用。本研究综述了TEs对生物基因组进化和基因表达的影响,重点总结了以DNA甲基化为主的转座子沉默机制的最新研究进展,归纳了环境因素通过DNA去甲基化调控转座子跳跃的机理。图4参82 相似文献
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Imprinting and the epigenetic asymmetry between parental genomes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Genomic imprinting confers a developmental asymmetry on the parental genomes, through epigenetic modifications in the germ line and embryo. These heritable modifications regulate the monoallelic activity of parental alleles resulting in their functional differences during development. Specific cis-acting regulatory elements associated with imprinted genes carry modifications involving chromatin structural changes and DNA methylation. Some of these modifications are initiated in the germ line. Comparative genomic analysis at imprinted domains is emerging as a powerful tool for the identification of conserved elements amenable to more detailed functional analysis, and for providing insight into the emergence of imprinting during the evolution of mammalian species. Genomic imprinting therefore provides a model system for the analysis of the epigenetic control of genome function. 相似文献
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Kinoshita T Miura A Choi Y Kinoshita Y Cao X Jacobsen SE Fischer RL Kakutani T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5657):521-523
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植物表观遗传中的RNA介导的DNA甲基化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
植物基因组对基因的表达调控不仅表现在转录水平上,也表现在染色质结构的变化上。在植物中存在着特有的RNA 聚合酶Ⅳ (RNA Pol Ⅳ) 和 RNA聚合酶Ⅴ (RNA Pol Ⅴ),它们与RNA 聚合酶Ⅱ(RNA Pol Ⅱ)相似。RNA Pol Ⅳ和RNA Pol Ⅴ的转录产物包括参与表观遗传调控的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和干扰小RNA (siRNAs)。这类非编码RNA广泛地参与了基因组上发生的胞嘧啶甲基化,去甲基化以及甲基化扩散。近年来,研究已经发现RNA介导的染色质水平的基因沉默涉及植物的生长发育、胁迫应答、表观遗传多态性,并对植物的表型多样化、生理适应性以及植物进化具有显著影响。 相似文献
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Plants and filamentous fungi share with mammals enzymes responsible for DNA methylation. In these organisms, DNA methylation is associated with gene silencing and transposon control. However, plants and fungi differ from mammals in the genomic distribution, sequence specificity, and heritability of methylation. We consider the role that transposons play in establishing methylation patterns and the epigenetic consequences of their perturbation. 相似文献
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表观遗传学在木本植物中的研究策略及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
表观遗传学可以解释DNA序列不改变而遗传功能改变,环境诱导的表型性状具有可遗传性的问题。介绍了表观遗传学的起源与发展,DNA甲基化（DNA methylation）、组蛋白密码(histone code)、基因组印迹(genomic imprinting)等多种表观遗传机制,并对目前木本植物的表观遗传学研究进行简要综述。由于木本植物自身基因组庞大,许多物种的全基因序列未知等原因,其表观遗传学研究滞后于拟南芥、水稻等草本模式植物。目前,仅杨树(Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides)、辐射松(Pinus radiate D.Don.)、马占相思（Acacia mangium Willd.）等树种的基因组DNA甲基化研究取得初步进展,大多数树种尚未开展此部分研究。MSAP等木本植物上可行性技术的广泛应用,将为木本植物的表观遗传研究带来新的契机,并揭示出木本植物所特有的基因调控等表观遗传现象。 相似文献
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植物DNA甲基化研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]概述植物DNA甲基化的研究进展。[方法]综述了植物DNA甲基转移酶s、iRNA指导的DNA甲基化过程,阐明了DNA甲基化与其他表观遗传修饰的关系。[结果]DNA甲基化在表观遗传控制体系中起着重要作用,维持着生物进化过程中基因组和表观遗传的稳定性。RNA介导的DNA甲基化作用中s,iRNA起着不可替代的作用,但RdDM和甲基化在基因调控中的作用需要更进一步研究。[结论]全面了解DNA甲基化及其在植物发育和逆境胁迫应答中的作用,可以在转录水平上增强或抑制外源基因和内源基因沉默,便于制定更合理的改良重要转基因作物的策略。 相似文献
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Differential cytosine methylation of repeats and genes is important for coordination of genome stability and proper gene expression. Through genetic screen of mutants showing ectopic cytosine methylation in a genic region, we identified a jmjC-domain gene, IBM1 (increase in bonsai methylation 1), in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to the ectopic cytosine methylation, the ibm1 mutations induced a variety of developmental phenotypes, which depend on methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. Paradoxically, the developmental phenotypes of the ibm1 were enhanced by the mutation in the chromatin-remodeling gene DDM1 (decrease in DNA methylation 1), which is necessary for keeping methylation and silencing of repeated heterochromatin loci. Our results demonstrate the importance of chromatin remodeling and histone modifications in the differential epigenetic control of repeats and genes. 相似文献
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Functional CpG methylation system in a social insect 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wang Y Jorda M Jones PL Maleszka R Ling X Robertson HM Mizzen CA Peinado MA Robinson GE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):645-647
DNA methylation systems are well characterized in vertebrates, but methylation in Drosophila melanogaster and other invertebrates remains controversial. Using the recently sequenced honey bee genome, we present a bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical characterization of a functional DNA methylation system in an insect. We report on catalytically active orthologs of the vertebrate DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and b, two isoforms that contain a methyl-DNA binding domain, genomic 5-methyl-deoxycytosine, and CpG-methylated genes. The honey bee provides an opportunity to study the roles of methylation in social contexts. 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发的影响及DNA甲基化的MSAP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】研究黄瓜种子萌发过程中DNA甲基化动态变化情况以及外源施加NaCl对种子萌发及种子DNA甲基化水平的影响,探索DNA甲基化在黄瓜种子萌发过程及NaCl胁迫反应中的作用。【方法】运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性（methylation se nsitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP）技术,分析0、150、200 mmol•L-1 NaCl处理下,黄瓜种子萌发过程（0、1、2、4、6、8 d）的DNA甲基化水平及动态变化情况。【结果】MSAP结果显示,黄瓜种子CCGG位点的甲基化水平约15.25%,以双链甲基化方式为主。种子中DNA甲基化水平在萌发1—2 d略有升高,而在整个萌发过程中呈下降趋势;NaCl处理加剧了甲基化的变化幅度,并使萌发末期的甲基化水平更低。萌发过程中甲基化升高和降低同时发生,分别在不同萌发时期占主导,不同变化类型中CG/CHG（H=A,T,C）位点胞嘧啶甲基化同时变化的类型占主导。甲基化变化同时发生在编码序列和非编码序列中。【结论】黄瓜种子萌发过程的DNA甲基化表现出复杂性,甲基化和去甲基化进程同时进行,并具有时空特异性。NaCl处理降低了种子基因组甲基化水平的稳定性,对种子萌发有抑制作用。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化作用的生物学功能 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
DNA甲基化作为DNA序列的修饰方式,是一种重要的表观遗传机制,能够在不改变DNA分子一级结构的情况下调节基因组的功能,在生命活动中起着重要的作用。其功能主要可归结为以下4个方面：维持基因组遗传物质的稳定性,调控基因的表达,建立表观遗传模式以及参与细胞及胚胎的形态建成。 相似文献
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Qian W Miki D Zhang H Liu Y Zhang X Tang K Kan Y La H Li X Li S Zhu X Shi X Zhang K Pontes O Chen X Liu R Gong Z Zhu JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6087):1445-1448
Active DNA demethylation is an important part of epigenetic regulation in plants and animals. How active DNA demethylation is regulated and its relationship with histone modification patterns are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of IDM1, a regulator of DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis. IDM1 is required for preventing DNA hypermethylation of highly homologous multicopy genes and other repetitive sequences that are normally targeted for active DNA demethylation by Repressor of Silencing 1 and related 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases. IDM1 binds methylated DNA at chromatin sites lacking histone H3K4 di- or trimethylation and acetylates H3 to create a chromatin environment permissible for 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases to function. Our study reveals how some genes are indicated by multiple epigenetic marks for active DNA demethylation and protection from silencing. 相似文献