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1.
为探讨红螯螯虾幼虾的饲料豆粕替代鱼粉的适宜替代量,配制5种不同替代水平(0、40%、60%、80%和100%)的等氮等能饲料,饲喂初重(0.53±0.06)g的红螯螯虾幼虾8周,测定其生长性能、肌肉组成、肝胰腺消化酶活力及抗氧化活力。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾存活率没有显著影响;与对照组相比,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40%~80%时,红螯螯虾幼虾的增重率和特定生长率没有显著变化;替代量为100%时,螯虾增重率和特定生长率显著下降,螯虾肌肉的蛋白质含量呈现一定程度的下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肌肉的脂肪和灰分含量没有显著影响;随着替代量的增加,螯虾肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力呈现下降的趋势,当替代量为100%时,胰蛋白酶活力显著下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肝胰腺脂肪酶、淀粉酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均没有显著影响;替代量为100%时,螯虾肝胰腺总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)显著下降。结果表明,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40%~80%时,对螯虾的生长性能、肌肉组成、消化酶活力和抗氧化活力均没有显著影响,替代量为100%时,显著抑制螯虾的生长、胰蛋白酶活力和T-AOC。根据本试验结果,建议红螯螯虾幼虾饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为80%。  相似文献   

2.
在等蛋白质、等能量基础上,研究碳水化合物与脂类比例(CHO∶L)为10.75∶1、4.81∶1、2.66∶1、1.52∶1和0.87∶1的5组试验饲料对红螯光壳螯虾[初始体质量(1.72±0.01)g]相关生长、生理、生化指标的影响。8周试验结果表明,CHO∶L比例为2.66∶1时,红螯光壳螯虾的增重率、特定生长率和饲料利用率达到最高。高比例的CHO∶L(10.75∶1)和低比例的CHO∶L(0.87∶1)都会显著地抑制(P<0.05)红螯光壳螯虾的生长和饲料的利用。饲料脂肪水平为40～145 g/kg时,虾的脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),己糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶活力则呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05)。CHO∶L对虾胃蛋白酶活力影响显著(P<0.01),CHO∶L为2.66∶1和1.52∶1表现出比较高的活力,显著高于(P<0.05)其它试验组。碳水化合物为156.3～360.4 g/kg范围内,虾淀粉酶活力随饲料中碳水化合物的升高而显著升高(P<0.01)。红螯光壳螯虾增重率分别与饲料中碳水化合物和脂肪水平进行二次回归分析得出,红螯光壳螯虾对配合饲料中碳水化合物和脂肪的最适需求量分别为268.28和120.22 g/kg,相对应的CHO∶L为2.20∶1,且红螯光壳螯虾对碳水化合物的利用能力要高于对脂肪的利用。  相似文献   

3.
基础饲料中添加5种不同水平的大豆磷脂(SL):0%(Diet 1),1%(Diet 2),2%(Diet 3),4%(Diet 4)和6%(Diet 5)。饲喂初始体质量为(25.64±1.53)g的红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)雌虾8周,观察其卵巢发育期个体生长、性腺指数等参数的变化,分析卵巢和肝胰腺营养物质积累的快慢以及与营养物质积累相关基因脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)mRNA表达的差异。结果表明:饲料中不同水平的SL对卵巢发育期红螯光壳螯虾的成活率和相对增重率(WG)影响不显著(P>0.05),但饲喂≥2%(SL)饲料的雌虾性腺指数(GSI)显著升高(P<0.05),雌虾的肝胰腺指数(HSI)则随饲料中SL的增加而呈下降趋势(P>0.05);随着饲料中SL的增加,虾肝胰腺中脂滴的体积增大,数量增多,结构更加完整,质地更加均匀,卵巢中脂滴和卵黄颗粒的数量增多,体积增大;同时,饲料中SL的增加促进了FABP在肝胰腺和卵巢中的表达量。综上所述,饲料中的SL对红螯光壳螯虾雌虾卵巢发育具有促进作用,在培育红螯光壳螯虾雌虾亲体过程中,含6.5%鱼油的基础饲料至少补充2%的SL有利于雌虾卵巢的快速发育。本研究旨在为深入研究虾蟹生殖生理学和规模化红螯光壳螯虾早繁苗种生产等提供基础资料。  相似文献   

4.
选用初始体重为(2.15±0.10)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性幼蟹,随机分为5组(每组12只幼蟹),饲喂100%鱼油组(简称F1组)、100%豆油组(F2组)、100%亚麻油组(F3组)、50%鱼油+50%豆油组(F4组)、50%鱼油+50%亚麻油组(F5组)不同脂肪源配制的5种等氮等能饲料。实验蟹单个体养殖,实验周期为112 d。结果表明,F5组体重、增重率和特定生长率都显著高于其他饲料组(P0.05),各组的蜕壳间隔和肝胰腺指数没有显著差异(P0.05)。肝胰腺组织消化酶活力测定结果表明,F1组幼蟹肝胰腺的类胰蛋白酶活力显著高于其他各组(P0.05);F3组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于其他各组(P0.05);F1组、F2组和F4组的脂肪酶活力显著高于其他两组(P0.05);各组的淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P0.05)。脂肪酸测定结果表明,肝胰腺和肌肉中的亚油酸(LOA)(C18:2n-6)、亚麻酸(LNA)(C18:3n-3)、EPA(C20:5n-3)和DHA(C22:6n-3)等主要脂肪酸含量与饲料脂肪酸组成呈正相关关系,F1组的高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05),F2组的LOA含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05),F3组的LNA含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,以50%的豆油或亚麻油替代鱼油能促进中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长,但可能使幼蟹的成活率降低。以豆油或亚麻油替代鱼油会影响幼蟹胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活力和肝胰腺、肌肉脂肪酸组成。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨饲料不同蛋白质水平对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)生长及生理生化的影响,按照等能量不等蛋白的原则,配置蛋白质水平分别为20%、24%、28%、32%、36%、40%的6组饲料投喂初始体重为(0.35±0.07)g的红螯螯虾幼虾60 d,然后测定各相关指标。存活率随着饲料蛋白质水平的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。当饲料蛋白质水平为28%时,特定生长率、肥满度最高,饲料系数最低。饲料不同蛋白质水平对红螯螯虾胃中的蛋白酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶活力先升高后下降,32%组活性最大。肝胰腺中的淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化不显著(P>0.05)。谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随着蛋白质水平的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05)。过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性先升高后降低,腮Na+-K+ATP酶则相反(P<0.05)。36%组和40%组的丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,其次为20%组,均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结果表明红螯螯虾对饲料蛋白质含量的要求较低,28%即可满足其要求。豆粕含量过高可能会影响其生长。  相似文献   

6.
为研究饲料中不同脂肪源对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长、营养代谢及其肠道菌群组成的影响,本实验通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的豆油(SO)、鱼油(FO)、猪油(LO)和混合油(豆油∶鱼油=1∶1,MO)作为主要脂肪源,对克氏原螯虾进行60 d饲喂实验后检测其生理生化指标与肠道菌群组成。结果显示：不同脂肪源对克氏原螯虾存活率与特定生长率影响显著,MO组存活率与特定生长率均为最高,LO组均显著低于其他组;营养代谢指标检测结果显示,LO组肝胰脏的脂肪酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和血清的总胆固醇均显著高于其他实验组;运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对肠道微生物组成进行测定,结果显示四个组共有优势菌属只有拟杆菌属(Bacteroides),可见脂肪源是克氏原螯虾肠道菌群的较大影响因素;未知的RsaHf231菌属和Anaerorhabdus＿furcosa＿group属是除了SO组外其他三组的共有优势菌群;柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)是SO组和FO组的优势菌群;Candidatus＿Bacilloplasma是MO组特有优势菌群。综上所述,混合油更能满足克氏原...  相似文献   

7.
利用生物化学方法和电镜技术,研究人工注射免疫多糖及WSSV对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾肝胰腺POD、LSZ、SOD、PO的活性变化及肝胰腺超微结构的影响。试验分对照组、实验组Ⅰ(注射WSSV)、实验组Ⅱ(注射免疫多糖)、实验组Ⅲ(注射免疫多糖48 h后注射WSSV)4组,结果显示,随着处理时间的增加,实验组Ⅰ与对照组相比POD、PO、LSZ活性均呈现明显降低趋势(P<0.01),而SOD活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.01);实验组Ⅱ的螯虾4种酶活性呈现先升后降,与对照组相比酶活性增加(P<0.05);实验组Ⅲ4种酶活性均高于实验组Ⅰ(P<0.05),但与对照组相比SOD、POD、LSZ活性降低(P<0.01)。红螯光壳螯虾幼虾肝胰腺组织由肝小管组成,肝小管由基膜和上皮细胞组成。超微结构显示,对照组螯虾幼虾肝胰腺单层柱状上皮细胞的表面微绒毛排列整齐,各细胞器结构完整;实验组Ⅰ上皮细胞微绒毛受损、断裂,核膜解体,细胞核破裂,粗面内质网断裂;实验组Ⅱ上皮细胞粗面内质网核糖体增多;实验组Ⅲ与实验组Ⅰ相比,细胞核结构完整,粗面内质网肿胀,线粒体部分畸变。结果说明感染WSSV的幼虾肝胰腺形态结构受损,并进一步影响其生物学功能。人工注射免疫多糖能提高幼虾免疫相关酶活性,在一定程度上能抵抗WSSV的侵染。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究不同生长时期红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)肌肉和肝胰腺内脂肪酸和氨基酸的动态变化,选取90 d (第二性征未发育)、140 d (第二性征发育成熟)和180 d (性腺发育成熟)的红螯螯虾,分别测定其肌肉和肝胰腺内氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量。结果显示,90 d红螯螯虾肌肉中的必需氨基酸总量显著高于其他2个时期(P<0.05);而红螯螯虾肝胰腺内必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量均随着日龄增加而逐渐下降。比较不同生长时期肌肉中脂肪酸含量发现,随着日龄增长,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量呈下降趋势;而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(25.69±0.42)%];多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量呈上升的变化趋势。肝胰腺中SFA含量在 3个生长时期内无显著性差异(P>0.05),MUFA含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(37.44±0.59)%],而PUFA含量变化与MUFA正好相反。营养价值评估结果显示,180 d (可上市销售)的红螯螯虾肌肉内必需氨基酸指数(49.96%)高于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)评分模式(31.50%)和全鸡蛋蛋白质模式(43.10%),是较为理想的优质食物蛋白源。由上可知,在不同生长时期,肌肉和肝胰腺中的氨基酸、脂肪酸的主要消耗不同,研究结果对了解不同生长时期红螯螯虾营养需求、开发红螯螯虾配合饲料提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

9.
为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾酚氧化酶原(proPO)基因的非特异性免疫机制,利用RACE技术从红螯光壳螯虾血细胞中克隆到酚氧化酶原基因cqproPO,cqproPO基因cDNA全长为2 962 bp,开放阅读框为1 998 bp,编码665个氨基酸,其结构中含有两个铜离子结合位点,预测分子量为75.86 ku;同源性比对结果显示,红螯光壳螯虾CqproPO与克氏原螯虾酚氧化酶原的同源性最高为79％,其次是淡水螯虾74％、挪威龙虾69％、美国龙虾67％等;进化分析发现CqproPO与克氏原鳌虾、淡水螯虾、挪威龙虾、美国龙虾等的酚氧化酶原亲缘关系最近;Realtime-PCR实验结果表明,CqproPO在血细胞中表达水平最高,其次是肠、触角腺、鳃等;在肝胰腺中有适量表达;WSSV感染后红螯光壳螯虾CqproPO mRNA在血细胞、肝胰腺和鳃组织中具有不同的时空表达趋势,但感染组和免疫后感染组mRNA表达量分别在感染后12h和24 h达到最大值,且在3种组织中2个感染组的CqproPO表达量为对照组的1.3 ～2.55倍,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),之后cqproPO基因的转录水平明显下降.免疫后再受病毒感染的虾,CqproPO mRNA的表达量在3种组织中总体高于感染组,感染7d后的免疫保护率达到51.86％,表明免疫增强剂可使机体的抗病毒能力增强,对防御WSSV感染具有一定的免疫保护作用.  相似文献   

10.
为探究眼柄摘除对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadriarinatus)生长、性腺发育及体色的影响,对6月龄红螯光壳螯虾[体质量(47.47±3.48)g]进行了摘除眼柄处理实验。结果显示,4周后摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾体质量为(84.40±13.41)g,显著高于不摘除眼柄组[(49.63±6.47)g]和摘除单侧眼柄组[(51.47±4.08)g](P<0.05);摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾存活率为60.0%±4.8%,显著低于不摘除眼柄组和摘除单侧眼柄组(分别为94.4%±2.3%和97.2%±2.1%);摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾性腺指数为1.23±0.50,显著高于不摘除眼柄组(0.20±0.06)和摘除单侧眼柄组(0.35±0.08)。利用ImageJ软件对红螯光壳螯虾体色RGB值分析表明,摘除双眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾体色G值和B值(分别为99.26±5.23和98.40±3.58)显著高于摘除单侧眼柄组(59.02±3.85和44.07±4.57)(P<0.05)。结果表明,眼柄摘除能促进红螯光壳螯虾生长和性腺发育,影响体色变化。  相似文献   

11.
The effects of four dietary lipid sources (fish oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, pork lard) on growth and gonad maturation of pre‐adult female red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, were evaluated. Performance was evaluated by weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), gonadosomatic index (GSI), fatty acid composition, and vitellogenin (vg) gene expression. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in hepatopancreas varied as a result of lipid source, while differences in muscle were limited to MUFA levels. Vg expression and growth, but not GSI, differed significantly, with peak expression and optimal growth observed in red claws receiving the soybean oil diet. Conversely, diets high in EPA (20:5n3) and DHA (22:6n3) produced suboptimal results, suggesting that the importance of maturation diets with high EPA and DHA content may be exaggerated. As the dietary lipid requirements of growing and reproductively active red claw crayfish were satisfied by a plant oil that contained high levels of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids, soybean oil may be an economic alternative to the expensive lipid‐fortified feed currently utilized by the aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

12.
Five dietary lipid sources (fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil and linseed oil) were evaluated in juvenile red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, based on the response of growth, antioxidant capacity, intestine histology, whole‐body composition, fatty acid nutrition and lipid metabolism. Crayfish were fed in quadruplicate net cages for 8 weeks. Crayfish fed diets with fish oil, soybean oil and linseed oil obtained significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than those fed the other two diets. Survival, condition factor and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected by lipid sources. Lipid sources also do not affect the whole‐body composition of crayfish. Serum SOD, T‐AOC and GSH‐PX activities of crayfish fed the palm oil and rapeseed oil diets had a significantly lower value than those fed other diets. The minimum concentrations of MDA have been observed in crayfish fed the soybean oil diet. The activity of ACC in the hepatopancreas of crayfish fed the linseed oil diet showed the highest value, and the CPT‐1 activity was not significantly affected by different lipid sources. Crayfish fed the soybean oil diet showed significantly higher TC and TG contents in hepatopancreas than those fed other diets. Crayfish fed linseed oil diet had a significantly higher percentage of EPA, C18:3n?3 and Σn?3 PUFA in muscle than those fed other treatments. Most of the fatty acid compositions in the hepatopancreas had a close correlation to fatty acid compositions in diets. All findings in this study indicate that soybean oil is the advantageous lipid source for juvenile C. quadricarinatus which can reflect in satisfactory growth performance, antioxidant capacity and fatty acid nutrition of edible tissues.  相似文献   

13.
Five sources of dietary fatty acids (fish, linseed, sunflower, olive and coconut oils) were evaluated in juvenile Nile tilapia in two trials: at optimal (28°C) and suboptimal (22°C) temperatures lasting 9 and 12 weeks, respectively. At 28°C, there was no clear effect of dietary source on fish growth, but at 22°C, the highest daily weight gain occurred in fish fed sunflower, linseed and fish oil. Feed efficiency and apparent net protein utilization increased as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in the diet increased. Coconut oil, which is rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), led to the worst growth results, especially at 22°C, with the lowest weight gain, feed intake and feed utilization by tilapia. The body fatty acid profile, in % of total fatty acids, was dependent on diet composition. However, for all treatments, PUFA body content increased with the decrease in temperature, but SFA and monounsaturated fatty acids remained the primary contributors to the body profile. Either fish oil or vegetable oil may be used as sources of dietary fatty acids for Nile tilapia, but at suboptimal temperatures, a dietary source containing more PUFA and less SFA improves performance.  相似文献   

14.
Red claw crayfish Cherux quadricarinatus is one of more than a hundred species of Australian freshwater crayfish. However, because of its rapid growth rate, communal and non‐burrowing behavior, ease of spawning, wide temperature and dissolved oxygen tolerance, and no free‐swimming larval stages, red claw may be the best candidate among the Australian crayfishes for semi‐intensive or intensive aquaculture in the United States. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of newly‐hatched red claw when fed four practical diets with or without lecithin and cholesterol. However, little is known of its nutritional requirements or practical diet formulations. An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating system with newly‐hatched juvenile (mean individual weight, 0.2 g) red claw, each stocked in separate plastic mesh culture units containing their own individual water line. Water was recirculated through biological and mechanical filters. Practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isocaloric (4 kcal available enerpy/g of diet) and contained menhaden fish meal (25%), soybean meal (35%, except in Diet 4), and shrimp meal (10%, except in Diet 4) as protein sources. Diet 1 had 0.5% lecithin added and 1.0% cholesterol added: Diet 2 contained 0% lecithin and 1.0% cholesterol; Diet 3 contained 0.5% lecithin and 0% cholesterol: and Diet 4 contained 0% lecithin and 0% cholesterol. After 8 wk, juvenile red claw fed diets with 0% supplemental lecithin (Diets 2 and 4) had no significant difference (P >0.05) in final weight and percentage weight gain (5.6 g and 2626%. respectively) compared to red claw fed the control diet (Diet 1) containing 0.5% lecithin. Red claw fed a diet without added cholesterol (Diet 3) had significantly (P 0.05) lower final weight (3.6 g) and percentage weight gain (1,717%) compared to red claw fed the control diet (Diet 1). However, red claw fed Diet 4 (containing 0% added cholesterol and 0% added lecithin) showed no significant (P >0.05) difference in final weight (5.1 g) and percentage weight gain (2254%) compared to red claw fed all other diets. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) among all diets for specific growth rate (SGR) which averaged 5.38%/d. Percentage survival was not significantly different among all treatments and was 76% for red claw fed Diet 1, 64% (Diet 2), 56% (Diet 3), and 80% (Diet 4). These results indicate that red claw fed Diet 4 containing 25% menhaden fish meal, 44.5% soybean meal, 0.5% choline chloride, 2% cod liver oil and 1% corn oil may satisfy the lecithin and cholesterol requirements and that the addition of dietary lecithin and cholesterol may not be necessary for good growth and survival of small (0.2 g) juvenile red claw. This may allow for less expensive diet formulations for use by producers of red claw crayfish.  相似文献   

15.
This study was conducted to confirm the essentiality of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, liver, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder. Three replicate groups of fish (average weighing 3.0 g) were fed experimental diets containing lauric acid ethyl ester, soybean oil, soybean and linseed oils mixture, and squid liver oil as lipid sources for 13 wk. No significant difference was observed in survival among all groups ( P >0.05). Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the squid liver oil diet containing high n-3 HUFA level were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets ( P 0.05). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of liver polar and neutral lipid fractions in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid tended to increase compared to those of the other groups. Fish fed the diets containing soybean and/or linseed oils, which contained high contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, showed the highest contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in both lipid fractions of the liver ( P 0.05). Significantly higher content of n-3 HUFA was observed in both lipid fractions of the liver from fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil than for fish fed the other diets ( P 0.05). Total cholesterol, glucose, and glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase in plasma were significantly affected by dietary lipids ( P 0.05). Histologically, the liver of fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil had a clear distinction between nuclear and cytoplasm membranes; however, cytoplasm of fish fed the diets containing lauric acid and soybean oil was shrunken, and the hepatic cell outline was indistinguishable. It is concluded that the dietary n-3 HUFA is essential for normal growth, and that the dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, liver cell property, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

16.
This study was carried out to investigate and compare the effects of various dietary lipid sources on growth performance, body composition, fatty acid profiles, and hepatic and plasma antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight, 1.7 ± 0.04 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing either fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), or a mixture of SO and LO (SO + LO) for 8 wk. There were no significant differences in survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the diets containing different lipid sources (P > 0.05). The fatty acids compositions of the liver and muscle tissues reflected the dietary fatty acid compositions. Liver and muscle of fish fed the SO diet had high concentration of linoleic acid, whereas those of fish fed the LO diet were rich in linolenic acid. Liver and muscle of fish fed the FO diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid than those of fish fed the SO and LO diets. Dietary lipid source had no significant effect on the hepatic and plasma enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The results of this study suggest that SO and LO can be used as a replacement for FO in the diets of juvenile rockfish without incurring any negative effects on growth, feed utilization, and antioxidant enzyme activity, when the dietary essential fatty acid requirements are satisfied for rockfish.  相似文献   

17.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets containing casein, solvent‐extracted soybean meal and gelatin as protein sources, were supplemented with 60 g kg−1 of lipid sources. The lipid sources included: pollack fish oil (PO), pork lard (PL), soy oil (SO), peanut oil (PN), rapeseed oil (RO) and a mixture of pollack fish oil and soy oil (POSO 1 : 1 w/w). Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp (0.10 g average weight) four times daily in triplicate tanks to apparent satiation (feeding ratio was about 8%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher for shrimp fed the diet containing PO and the POSO mixture oil than the other lipid sources. The nutritional values of SO, RO, PN and PL were similar. Shrimp fed on PO, mixture oil of POSO and SO had better survival rates than the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed the PL had the lowest survival rate. There were significant differences in lipid contents of whole body and hepatopancreas amongst the dietary treatments; however, lipid contents of tail muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary lipid sources. Shrimps fed POSO diet had higher protein content in whole body than those fed the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed PO diet had highest crude protein content of the tail muscle. A high correlation was found between dietary FA composition and FA composition of whole shrimp. FA composition of the whole body was generally affected by dietary lipid sources, especially dietary unsaturated FA.  相似文献   

18.
Ten-week experiment was carried out on Japanese sea bass (5.87 ± 0.02 g) to study the effects of replacement of fish oil with six alternative lipid sources: pork lard, PL; beef tallow, BT; poultry fat, PF; soybean oil, SO; corn oil, CO; and a mixed-fat (MF: tallow, 60%; soy oil, 20%; fish oil, 20%) on growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition in fillet and liver. Seven isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated, containing 10% of added lipid. Fish oil was used in control diet, which was substituted by 50% with the alternative lipid sources in the other six diets.

Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), Feed conversion ratio (FCR) feed intake and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish fed the experimental diets were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed the PF diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed SO and CO diets. Significant differences in carcass moisture and lipid contents of carcass and liver were observed among fish fed the dietary treatments. Generally, the fatty acid composition of fish fillets and livers reflected the dietary FA composition.  相似文献   


19.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of different sources of dietary lipid that differ in fatty acid (FA) composition on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and whole‐body proximate and FA composition of juvenile red claw. Juvenile red claw (0.55 ± 0.02 g) were reared over a 12‐week period. Five practical diets were supplemented with 70 g kg?1 oil (by weight) from either linseed oil (LO), canola oil (CAO), corn oil (CO), beef tallow (BT) or menhaden oil (MO) and formulated to contain 400 g kg?1 crude protein. Red claw were fed three times daily (800, 1200 and 1600) to controlled excess. At the conclusion of the experimental period, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) found in percentage survival and FCR among dietary treatments and values averaged 85.4% and 3.4, respectively. However, final mean weight and specific growth rate of red claw fed Diet 1 (LO) was significantly higher (16.44 g and 3.95% day?1, respectively) compared with that of red claw fed Diet 4 (BT; 12.24 g and 3.43% day?1, respectively), but not different from red claw fed the other three diets. Likewise, red claw fed Diets 1 (LO) and 2 (CAO) had significantly higher percentage weight gain (2990 and 2880%, respectively) compared with the BT diet (2124%), but not different from red claw fed Diets 3 (CO) and 5 (MO). Whole‐body fat and ash composition was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by source of added lipid, but no differences were found in whole‐body moisture and protein. Moreover, whole‐body FA composition showed differences among the varying oil sources and primarily reflected the FA in the diets. Results of the present study indicate that plant oils LO, CAO and CO rich in linolenic acid (18:3n‐3), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) and oleic acid (18:1n‐9) perform as well as MO containing high levels of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) for juvenile red claw crayfish grown indoors lacking natural food items. Further, red claw fed a diet containing BT, which has a high percentage of saturated FA, performed poorly compared with LO and CO in regards to weight gain. It appears that juvenile red claw can be fed diets containing less expensive plant‐based oils with high levels of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids. This could reduce diet costs for producers and allow for profitability.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of different lipids on tissue fatty acid profile and reproductive performance in female rice field eel were investigated in this study. Virgin female eels were fed with six diets containing different lipids (diets FO, LO, SO, PO and PL with fish oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil and pork lard, respectively; diet APO with arachidonic acid and peanut oil). The results showed that there were positive correlations between the contents of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the tissues of eels and those of the corresponding fatty acids in their diets. The specific growth rate of eels fed with diet PO was the lowest and significantly lower than that of FO and SO. Gonad of eels fed with diets PO and PL showed hypogonadism. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) can be synthesized by eels, but the quantity was not enough to meet their reproduction requirement completely. The fatty acid desaturation, rather than elongation probably was one of the limiting factors. Addition of proper amount of ARA in diet was favorable to the increase of the hatching rate of fertilized eggs, while EPA and DHA in diet were beneficial to the increase of the survival rate of larva. Both n-3PUFA and a suitable n-6/n-3PUFA ratio were necessary for growth and reproduction of eels.  相似文献   

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