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1.
裸大麦不同播期生育特点与积温关系密切，随着播期的推迟，所需积温相应减少。不同播期的分蘖增长与播期早、迟关系很大，两个类型品种均表现为随播期的推迟群体总茎蘖数减少。 相似文献
2.
长江中下游麦区小麦迟播的不利影响及育种对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来长江中下游稻麦轮作区水稻成熟期不断推迟,致使小麦播期大幅度推迟,这已成为该麦区小麦高产稳产的主要障碍。迟播不仅导致小麦生育期缩短,积温、光照时数减少,营养生长不足,难以形成高产群体基础,还导致赤霉病和白粉病严重发生,增加了灌浆期遭遇高温危害的风险及收获前遇阴雨发生穗发芽的概率。为了减少小麦迟播的不利影响,除了栽培措施应对外,根本措施是培育适合迟播的小麦品种。在育种时应重点加强迟播条件下出苗快、生根快、分蘖早、越冬期仍能保持较大生长量和分蘖发生量等性状的选择;提高抗性,特别是赤霉病抗性、耐渍性和抗穗发芽性;注重选择灌浆速率高、耐高温逼熟的品种,利用灌浆速率的提高补偿灌浆时间缩短的不利效应,培育迟播高产品种。 相似文献
3.
晚播小麦生育特点及适宜密度研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
扬麦14号小麦不同播期、密度对其生物学性状及产量与品质的影响结果表明:播种期推迟,小麦不同生育期均相应推迟,但主要是前期营养生长期显著缩短,中后期生殖生长期则相对稳定,全生育期变短,总叶片数减少,植株高度变矮,干物质积累量减少,群体前小后大,分蘖成穗率降低,穗数不足,穗型变小,粒数减少,粒重提高,产量下降,蛋白质、面筋含量及沉降值提高。迟播小麦随着播种密度的增加,群体总苗数、叶面积系数、有效穗数等群体质量性状迅速增强,单株分蘖及成穗数、单株干物质积累量、分蘖成穗率、结实粒数、千粒重等个体质量性状均逐渐变劣,但不同密度之间个体质量性状衰减的速率要远远小于适期早播的小麦,大幅增加播种密度,个体生长发育受抑制的程度将明显减小。因而,晚播小麦适当提高种植密度,通过强化群体性状,弥补个体性状瘦弱之不足,有利于提高产量。本试验晚播小麦基本苗增加到360万/hm2,产量最高,但品质变劣。 相似文献
4.
播期对冬小麦茎蘖幼穗分化及产量的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为探讨播期对冬小麦茎蘖幼穗分化及产量的影响,以冬小麦品种“京冬8”为试材,观察了不同播期下冬小麦的茎蘖幼穗分化过程。结果表明,随着播期的推迟和蘖位的增高,进入穗分化各时期的日期推迟,穗分化总历时缩短。随着播期的推迟,雌雄蕊分化期之前主茎幼穗各分化时期的持续时间缩短,至雌雄蕊分化期后各分化日期及历时达到一致。随着播期的推迟以及蘖位的增高,各分蘖的穗分化日期推迟。随着播期的推迟,同位蘖穗分化前期持续时间缩短,穗分化中后期以中播处理分化持续时间最短。晚播处理的Ⅱ、Ⅲ位蘖和中播处理的Ⅲ位蘖分化至小花分化期基本死亡。不同蘖位间,早播处理随蘖位增高穗分化前期持续时间缩短,后期高位蘖持续时间延长;中晚播处理,随着蘖位的增高各穗分化期持续时间延长。随播期的推迟,单茎分化小穗数和结实小穗数显著减少,有效穗数显著减少,产量显著降低。因此,本区域小麦适宜播期为9月底至10月初。 相似文献
5.
为了解温光敏核不育小麦不同播期及不同蘖位、花位的育性变化,通过多年分期播种试验,研究了小麦温光敏细胞核雄性不育系C338S不同播期下的育性表现及不同蘖位和花位的育性差异。结果表明,随着播期的调整,C338S分别表现完全不育、高度不育、半不育、低不育、可育的不同育性状态,具有育性转换特性。主茎穗与分蘖穗之间、主茎穗不同部位的小穗之间以及不同位次的小花之间的育性存在差异。发育较晚的后生分蘖的育性高于主茎穗和早生分蘖;主茎穗的下部小穗育性>中部小穗>上部小穗;早播不育植株发育较晚的3、4位小花的育性较好,而晚播可育植株发育较早的1、2位小花的育性较高。 相似文献
6.
试验于1986年在本所进行。设6月7、12、17日三个播期,亩播12.5公斤,每个播期分7月12、17、22日三个插期,共9个处理。重复三次,随机区组排列,小区面积0.03亩。试验结果如下: 1、生育期:观察结果表明,同一播期,一般是随着插期的推迟,全生育期天数有所延长;但同插期不同播期,随播期的推迟多数处理全生育期延长。秧龄相同的不同播插期全生育期天数变化有随播插期的推迟而延长的趋势。例如6/7播种,7/12、17、22日插秧的 相似文献
7.
扬麦16耐迟播早熟特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦品种扬麦16自2009年审定以来推广种植面积不断扩大,生产中表现出耐迟播、早熟的特性。为阐明其耐迟播、早熟的生长发育机制,比较了在不同播期(10月20日,早播;11月5日,适播;11月20日,迟播)下扬麦16和当前本地区其他小麦主栽品种的生育特性、群体结构、灌浆特性及产量性状。结果表明,扬麦16在迟播条件下穗粒数和千粒重以及产量下降幅度均最小,稳产性好;扬麦15和扬麦22的早播和适播产量高,而迟播相对于适播的减产幅度大,但减产原因不同,扬麦15穗粒数下降幅度较大,扬麦22则是千粒重下降显著。随着播期的推迟,所有品种的全生育期天数均逐渐缩短。迟播时扬麦16生育期最短,开花期至成熟期天数比其他品种缩短3~5d,但其快速灌浆启动早,持续时间长,灌浆速率峰值大,千粒重高。迟播条件下,扬麦16越冬期茎蘖数、LAI及干物质积累量最大,能保持较大的生长量及分蘖发生量,群体结构协调,这是其迟播高产的基础。扬麦16耐迟播、早熟的特性明显,稳产性好,能满足当前长江中下游麦区小麦迟播早熟的种植需求。 相似文献
8.
啤酒大麦茎蘖动态与穗粒结构的关系及应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对试验资料的统计分析得出,越冬期与返青期的总苗数,冬前期、返青期、拔节期的单株分蘖数对穗粒结构影响较大。在暖冬的条件下,适当迟播,控群体、壮个体,培育壮苗越冬,对提高产量和品质是十分必要的;重视苗期田间管理,尤其是做好肥水调控,让麦苗适度生长,但又不旺长,对提高产量是极为重要的;返青后控制群体,以防群体过大,田间郁蔽,个体素质差,抵抗病虫害及倒伏的能力下降;后期管理跟上,防止早衰,对提高产量和品质是非常重要的。 相似文献
9.
播期与密度对冬小麦西农9871籽粒产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了研究陕西关中地区小麦播期与密度对产量的影响,采用播期与密度最优试验设计,分析了不同播期与密度处理下冬小麦西农9871产量及产量构成因素的特点。结果表明,小麦产量在7 500~9 750 kg·hm-2范围内,适宜的播种期是10月8日至10月20日,播种密度为181万~248万·hm-2。穗值产价、粒值产价、重值产价随着播期的推迟呈现下降的趋势,随着密度的提高而增加。早播情况下低密度分蘖成穗多,但随着播期的推迟分蘖成穗减少,需要加大播种密度,通过提高主茎成穗数来提高小麦产量。粒值产价和重值产价比较大,在成穗数得到保证的前提下,通过增加穗粒数与千粒重能够提高小麦产量。 相似文献
10.
H2O2浸种能够促进低温胁迫下油菜种子的物质代谢,为适应直播油菜不同播期生产需求,研究H2O2浸种对不同播期油菜生长发育的影响,提高晚直播油菜产量。2017年以南农油4号为材料,设置播期(早播10月5日,晚播10月25日)和0.05%的H2O2浸种两个因素,采用露天盆栽试验观察油菜在越冬期的光合特性及全生育期生长发育动态。结果表明:(1)晚播使油菜苗期延长而蕾薹期缩短,初花前可利用积温从1349.5℃·d减少至1095.5℃·d,导致油菜营养生长期干物质积累减少,而生殖生长期活动积温升高,相比早播的1042.5℃·d升高为1119.5℃·d。由于晚播生育期缩短,活动积温减少,干物质积累降低,最终显著减产8.3%。(2) H2O2浸种处理对早播油菜萌发出苗及地上部生物量无显著影响,但显著抑制了地下部生物量及光合能力,降低了越冬期干物质积累,继而影响后期产量形成,最终造成油菜显著减产,降幅为10.9%。(3) H2O2浸种处理促进了晚播油菜萌发出苗,增大叶面积,促进了油菜干物质积累使产量显著升高,增幅为15.7%。因此在油菜晚直播条件下,可通过H2O2浸种处理以提高产量。 相似文献
11.
根据新宾地区实际种植情况,对该地种植水稻的株高、分蘖、叶片、幼穗发育、各生育时期与积温的关系进行深入研究,得出新宾水稻栽培应选择中熟品种为主,并注意加强水稻生育前期的肥水管理,插秧返青后马上追施分蘖肥等相关栽培技术措施。 相似文献
12.
Long days partially depress tiller growth of spring cereals. In this study we characterised and quantified growing conditions and cultivar-induced variation in tiller traits and contribution of tillers to grain yield. Experiments were done at two locations in southern Finland, incorporating two nitrogen fertiliser application rates (80 and 120 kg N ha−1) and 12 two-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 10 six-row barley, ten oat (Avena sativa L.) and 11 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Spring cereal species differed significantly in their tillering: two-row barley was superior compared with other spring cereals, with the highest number and growth capacity of tillers and head-bearing tillers. Grain yield produced by tillers was, however, always modest compared with that of main shoots, ranging from 13% and 15% in oat and wheat to 20% in six-row barley and 64% in two-row barley. Cultivar and growing condition-induced differences were marked in tiller traits, but tillers were never able to out-yield the main shoot. This is likely to be emphasised by standard use of high seeding rates. Tillers are dominated by the main shoot under long day conditions at high latitudes, and tiller yield potential remains clearly underutilised even under conditions favouring growth. 相似文献
13.
The fertile tiller production and seed yields of spaced plants of meadow fescue varieties were found to vary widely with the time of sowing, particularly in the first harvest year. The benefit of early spring sowing is indicated in the total productivity over two harvest years.
Varieties differed in the amount of heading in the seeding year; the American type was the most prolific. This had a bearing on the relative yields in the first harvest year, since many of the potentially productive tillers of this variety were wasted through the plants becoming ripe to flower in the seeding year and, therefore, the rate of tiller production was checked. Competition within the plant appeared to be the cause of tillers remaining vegetative when conditions otherwise seemed suitable for generative development. The smaller-sized plants gave a higher proportional increase of fertile tillers at harvest than would be expected from the vegetative tillers counted in April, while at the same time there was a negative relationship at harvest from plants which had a very high number of vegetative tillers.
Infertility as reflected in a poor seed set at the time of harvest is a serious wastage of potential production in meadow fescue and, in selecting for superior seed output, breeders need to take this factor into consideration.
The 1000-seed weight varied between varieties, the pasture type being inferior to the two hay types. 相似文献
Varieties differed in the amount of heading in the seeding year; the American type was the most prolific. This had a bearing on the relative yields in the first harvest year, since many of the potentially productive tillers of this variety were wasted through the plants becoming ripe to flower in the seeding year and, therefore, the rate of tiller production was checked. Competition within the plant appeared to be the cause of tillers remaining vegetative when conditions otherwise seemed suitable for generative development. The smaller-sized plants gave a higher proportional increase of fertile tillers at harvest than would be expected from the vegetative tillers counted in April, while at the same time there was a negative relationship at harvest from plants which had a very high number of vegetative tillers.
Infertility as reflected in a poor seed set at the time of harvest is a serious wastage of potential production in meadow fescue and, in selecting for superior seed output, breeders need to take this factor into consideration.
The 1000-seed weight varied between varieties, the pasture type being inferior to the two hay types. 相似文献
14.
为确定华北平原饲用油菜高产优质的适宜播期，选用甘蓝型油菜品种4个，设置4个播期，研究不同播期下温度对饲用油菜鲜草产量和饲用品质的调控效应。结果表明，随播期推迟，饲用油菜生育期内日均温与有效积温升高，花前生育期天数缩短但花后生育期延长，总生育期天数缩短2～7 d。饲用油菜鲜草产量随播期推迟呈降低趋势，3月28日前播种超过35 t/hm2；品种间华油杂62鲜草产量显著高于其它品种（P<0.01）。饲用油菜鲜草产量和饲用品质与纤维含量显著负相关，中性洗涤纤维含量与苗期的有效积温量极显著负相关，与营养生长和花后有效积温量显著正相关。因此，在华北平原春播饲用油菜可选用华油杂62，播期以3月8日-3月18日为最佳，鲜草产量稳定在50 t/hm2以上，具有较高的粗蛋白、淀粉、水溶性碳水化合物和总可消化养分含量，可实现华北平原饲用油菜的高产优质生产。 相似文献
15.
Proteolytic degradation of barley proteins is examined in green (unkilned) malt and germinating seeds from Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Harrington. Zymographic analysis of the Harrington green malt extracts using commercial preparations of barley beta-amylase incorporated as a proteolytic substrate in 2-D SDS gels shows multiple proteolytic activities. A developmental study shows that the several green malt beta-amylase-degrading activities appear at around day 2 of germination. The several activities appear to increase and decrease through 7 days of germination in a coordinated fashion. Gels treated with class-specific proteinase inhibitors show that serine-class proteinase activities are responsible for barley beta-amylase degradation seen on the zymograms. Western blot analysis also shows that proteolytic enzymes recovered from 1-D electrophoretic gels degrade barley beta-amylase, and that the degradation is inhibited by PMSF. This is the first demonstration that malt proteinases are capable of degrading important metabolic enzymes in germinating barley, and the first postulated physiological role for the serine class proteinases in barley malt. 相似文献
16.
17.
The influence of sward condition on rates of herbage growth and senescence in mixed swards under continuous stocking management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study was conducted to determine the influence of herbage mass under continuous stocking management with sheep on rates of herbage growth (G), senescence (S) and net production of green herbage (NP) in a mixed-species sward of Lolium perenne. Poa annua and Trifolium repens. Plots were maintained in as nearly constant herbage mass as possible at 500, 700, 1000 and 1700 kg organic matter (OM) ha−1 by continuous but variable stocking with sheep for the period May to July inclusive. Estimates of G, S and NP were obtained for each species from repeated measurements over two 2-week periods on individually identified grass tillers or clover stolons. Estimates of species population densities enabled estimates of G. S and NP per unit area to be made.
Rates of G were higher and of S were lower for Lolium tillers and Trifolium stolons than for Poa tillers. The laminae of Poa tillers occupied inferior positions in the canopy of the swards maintained at higher herbage masses and were less accessible to the grazing animals, so that Poa tissue was less well utilized.
The total population densities of tillers and stolons declined at herbage masses both above and below 700 kg OM ha−1 . The rate of G for the three species combined increased with herbage 相似文献
Rates of G were higher and of S were lower for Lolium tillers and Trifolium stolons than for Poa tillers. The laminae of Poa tillers occupied inferior positions in the canopy of the swards maintained at higher herbage masses and were less accessible to the grazing animals, so that Poa tissue was less well utilized.
The total population densities of tillers and stolons declined at herbage masses both above and below 700 kg OM ha
18.
秧苗密度和施氮量对超高产杂交籼稻秧苗素质的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2007年在云南省永胜县涛源乡水稻特殊高产生态区,利用杂交籼稻组合协优107,设计了氮肥处理（10.3、207、31.0和41.4 g/m2N）和秧苗密度处理（353、706、1059和1412苗/m2）双因子试验,旨在探讨施氮水平、秧苗密度和秧龄对超高产杂交籼稻秧苗素质的影响。结果表明：1)秧苗密度降低或施氮量增加,均降低出叶所需的有效积温,加快秧苗的出叶,且秧苗密度的效应更显著;2)高密度或低氮条件下,秧苗单株带蘖数随着秧龄的增加有减少的趋势;而在高氮或低密度条件下,秧苗单株带蘖数在播种后27 d（7叶期）内呈增加趋势,之后进入分蘖衰减期;3)施氮对秧苗新分蘖的发生和大分蘖保持、苗床叶面积指数的增大、单株干质量的增加以及植株含氮量的提高均有正效应;4)秧苗密度对秧苗新分蘖的发生和大分蘖保持、单株干质量的增加均有负效应,并比氮效应明显;对植株含氮量的提高也有一定的负效应;对苗床叶面积指数的增大有正效应。 相似文献
19.
早籼稻有效茎与无效茎碳素营养的比较研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以水稻品种浙8619为材料进行盆栽试验研究了有效茎和无效茎的碳素营养特性。当主茎叶龄指数在84.5%～91.6%时,无效茎出现干重滞增期,其最大干重乃为该品种有效茎的临界个体重,故可将干重滞增期作为该分蘖的有效、无效转折期的直接诊断指标。并阐明了无效分蘖的碳素营养特性：出生初期接纳养分的能力并不弱,后来由于生长停滞,来自母茎的同化物输入减少,致使14C葡萄糖的积累高峰提前,积累总量明显偏低;进入转折期后,光合能力明显降低,光合产物积累减少;在濒临死亡时,可能有一定量的同化物输出,但其输出总量并不大,且越是受光条件和生长基础差的无效分蘖,输出总量越少。还就无效分蘖对产量的贡献以及高产栽培对策进行了讨论。 相似文献
20.
Genotypic Differences in Growth and Physiological Responses to Transplanting and Direct Seeding Cultivation in Rice 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The field experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of six super hybrid rice combinations to two planting methods,transplanting(TP) and direct seeding(DS) during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The 1000-grain weight and number of tillers per plant at the early growth stage,the maximum quantum yield of PSII(Fv/Fm) and transpiration rate(Tr) were higher in DS plants than in TP ones,whereas the grain yield,number of panicles per square meter,seed setting rate,net photosynthetic ... 相似文献