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1.
棉花细胞质雄性不育系统在实现棉花杂交种子大规模生产和培育高产、优质、抗逆等棉花新品种中具有重要的应用价值,而恢复系的好坏对细胞质雄性不育系杂交种的选育的利用起着举足轻重的作用。因此,培育优良恢复系至关重要。主要介绍了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、恢复系的类型,综述了棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传方式和遗传定位研究进展,讨论了恢复基因的精细定位和分子标记鉴定在分子标记辅助育种中的意义和应用前景,并针对目前存在的问题提出相应对策。  相似文献   

2.
高粱A3细胞质雄性不育的研究与利用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高粱A3细胞质雄性不育系花药肥大,黄色,可散落出部分花粉,但散落出来的花粉无效,自交套袋不结实,雄性不育性稳定。大多数高粱品系对A3细胞质雄性不育表现保持,具有优良性状的多数品系可转育为A3细胞质雄性不育系,这些不育系具有丰产性好、育性稳定、抗败育等特点。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源很少,只有极少数高粱品系能恢复其育性,恢复度在40%~95%之间。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源少且恢复系难以选育,是A3细胞质雄性不育研究的主要障碍,解决高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系的选育问题,是实现A3细胞质雄性不育利用的关键。此文主要对高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系和A3细胞质雄性不育系选育及杂交种选育和应用、高粱A3细胞质雄性不育育性遗传表达等方面进行了阐述,以期育种者重视A3细胞质雄性不育的研究。  相似文献   

3.
水稻细胞质雄性不育的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
邓加省  余显权 《种子》2004,23(11):40-44
细胞质雄性不育性的发现受到育种家的广泛重视,它的形成机理同细胞质遗传理论密切相关.在杂交水稻生产中不育系决定着杂交水稻的生产及其种植面积.在不育性研究中主要是研究育性恢复基因对不育基因的恢复能力.前人的研究主要是从一个恢复系对应的一个不育系进行,也有人尝试着用恢杂的方式进行恢复基因的位置研究,不同的类型得出了不同的结论.本文对野败型、包台型、滇型、红莲型、马协型的遗传及基因的分子标记进行综述,对分子生物技术在水稻细胞质雄性不育中的发展及应用进行探讨.以期为水稻细胞质雄性不育的研究及其在生产中的应用提供参考.  相似文献   

4.
自从20世纪70年代中国成功实现杂交水稻三系配套以来,不少学者致力于水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复的机理研究。近年来,国内外科学家已定位和克隆了控制细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复的基因。2006年华南农业大学刘耀光研究组在《ThePlantCell》上发表论文揭示:BoroII型水稻细胞质雄性不育由线粒体编码的细胞毒素肽引起,两个含PPR蛋白基因中的任何一个均可破坏或降解细胞毒素肽使植株育性恢复,从而在分子水平解释了BoroII型水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复性的机理。这是中国科学家对植物细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复研究的最新贡献。  相似文献   

5.
邹德洪  邹小云  贺浩华 《种子》2006,25(10):32-37
对水稻细胞质雄性不育与叶绿体基因组、线粒体基因组、质粒基因组和核基因组的遗传以及育性相关基因的分子标记定位、辅助选择、克隆与表达研究现状进行了综述,并对水稻细胞质雄性不育分子机理和分子生物学研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

6.
自从20世纪70年代中国成功实现杂交水稻三系配套以来,不少学者致力于水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复的机理研究。近年来,国内外科学家已定位和克隆了控制细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复的基因。2006年华南农业大学刘耀光研究组在《The Plant Cell》上发表论文揭示:BoroⅡ型水稻细胞质雄性不育由线粒体编码的细胞毒素肽引起,两个含PPR蛋白基因中的任何一个均可破坏或降解细胞毒素肽使植株育性恢复,从而在分子水平解释了BoroⅡ型水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复性的机理。这是中国科学家对植物细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复研究的最新贡献。  相似文献   

7.
为了在辣椒三系杂交育种研究中缩小群体筛选范围,减小工作量,提高不育系和保持系选择效率,根据细胞质育性标记SCAR130的序列多态性位点设计KASP标记引物,使其转化为KASP130分子标记,并以辣椒三系材料的雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系和F_1杂交种为试验对象,利用荧光定量PCR仪LC480和LGC公司的SNPline这两种检测平台将KASP130标记应用于辣椒细胞质类型检测,并对该标记稳定性和可靠性进行了检验。结果表明, KASP130标记同SCAR130标记一样可以把待试辣椒材料准确地分为可育细胞质(N)和不育细胞质(S),并在分子标记辅助选择育种中成功应用到辣椒细胞质育性的早期鉴定以及辣椒保持系和雄性不育系的回交育种研究。综上,细胞质育性标记SCAR130已经被成功转化为KASP130分子标记,该标记可以明确鉴定辣椒的细胞质类型,这为其在辣椒三系杂交育种上的应用奠定了研究基础。  相似文献   

8.
植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物杂种优势在生产上已被广泛应用,对提高产量和改善品质有重要意义,而生产杂交种的重要途径是细胞质不育及其恢复系统。在杂交品种选育过程中,优良恢复系选育至关重要。近年来植物细胞质雄性不育性恢复的分子机理一直是分子生物学的研究热点。本文综述了目前恢复基因研究的主要进展,讨论了恢复基因的遗传与定位。认为细胞质雄性不育恢复基因一般为单基因或少数显性效应主效基因,且恢复基因间作用方式多样化。目前,玉米Rf2基因、矮牵牛Rf基因、水稻Rf-1基因、萝卜Rfo基因都已被克隆。在这些恢复基因的克隆与分离基础上,本文讨论了恢复基因的结构特征及分子机理,认为恢复基因的可能分子机理,一种是恢复基因抑制细胞质雄性不育(CMS)特异ORF的表达,另一种是恢复基因补偿线粒体功能的缺陷。本文最后对恢复基因在植物分子育种上的应用前景提出了看法。  相似文献   

9.
野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)新质源雄性不育恢复系的研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
王乃元 《作物学报》2006,32(12):1884-1891
发掘野生稻(O. rufipogon)新型雄性不育细胞质源,育成新质源优质米不育系的基础上进一步研究新质源雄性不育恢复系的育种技术—FA型细胞质雄性不育恢复系定向育种。用野生稻(非轮回亲本)与籼稻品种明恢63(轮回亲本)杂交和多次回交,后代再经过自交,将野生稻中的可育基因分离、转移、重组、整合到明恢63遗传背景中,获得农艺性状似明恢63,花粉和小穗全可育不分离的野生稻新质源恢复系金恢1号。用新质源不育系与金恢1号组配两个组合,其花粉和小穗育性都恢复到正常可育水平,产量高,米质优,实现了新质源不育系三系配套应用和大幅度提高杂交稻稻米外观品质的目的。这项育种新技术可以将水稻可育基因(恢复基因)转移到任一水稻品种中育成细胞质雄性不育恢复系,突破了新质源恢复系育种的技术瓶颈,极大地提高了恢复系利用稻种资源的育种潜力,为FA型新质源优质米不育系的杂交稻育种开辟了一条崭新的途径。新型(FA)细胞质源杂交稻可能对丰富杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性、提高杂交稻亲本对稻种资源的利用潜力、以及实质性提高杂交稻的稻米品质和产量水平都将产生积极和深远的影响。  相似文献   

10.
普通核雄性不育性能够满足对理想不育系选育的要求,是水稻等作物杂种优势利用的理想遗传元件。只要能解决其不育系繁殖问题,是理想的杂种优势利用方式。通过普通核雄性不育性的可育基因质体转化,将可育基因转移到存在于细胞质中的质体基因组中,可创造普通核雄性不育系的保持系,繁殖出普通核雄性不育系,从而实现三系法利用杂种优势;利用可产生雄性不育性的基因如TA29-barnase通过质体转化,向质体基因组中转移,产生由细胞质中转基因雄性不育基因控制的雄性不育系,任何常规品种都能作为其保持系,转barstar可育基因系(或常规品种)作为恢复系(或父本),可同样实现三系法利用杂种优势。上述两种途径都是创造植物杂种优势利用的新途径。  相似文献   

11.
The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding. Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general restorer for both CMS and GMS systems.  相似文献   

12.
此文综述了水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的分子定位研究成果,回顾了前人关于存在于第10染色体上的恢复基因之间相互关系的研究与探讨,并结合水稻细胞质雄性不育特点及分子机理论述了恢复基因的关系,以期为深入研究水稻细胞质雄性不育机理和应用水稻杂种优势提供参考。  相似文献   

13.
Z. X. Fan    W. X. Lei    D. F. Hong    J. P. He    L. L. Wan    Z. H. Xu    P. W. Liu    G. S. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):297-301
Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F2, BC1 as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed.  相似文献   

14.
小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,与恢复系豫麦2号和豫麦49组配了不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系三种回交群体,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同恢复力的恢复系携带的恢复基因对数不同,恢复力较强的豫麦2号携带2对主效基因,恢复力较低的豫麦49仅携带1对主效基因。此外,还有微效基因对育性恢复起作用,这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系(保持系)中。在K型细胞质背景下,不携带恢复基因的雄配子的传递率很低,而雌配子传递正常。  相似文献   

15.
细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)及育性恢复(restorer of fertility,Rf)是作物杂种优势利用的有效途径之一,由线粒体不育基因和核恢复基因互作产生。本文综述了水稻CMS和Rf基因的来源及其分子遗传机理,并展望了水稻CMS和Rf系统在水稻育种方面的应用。  相似文献   

16.
李曙光  赵团结  盖钧镒 《作物学报》2010,36(7):1061-1066
利用大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJMCS3A的质、核供体亲本N21566和N21249构建F2和BC1F1育性分离群体进行雄性育性的遗传分析与基因定位。结果表明, F1正反交可育,F2和BC1F1的可育株与不育株分离比例经χ2测验分别符合3∶1和1∶1,表明NJCMS3A供体亲本雄性育性由一对基因控制,可育等位基因为显性。该基因可能是NJCMS3A的一个恢复基因。选用793对SSR引物对F2和BC1F1群体分别进行育性基因定位,发现该育性基因位于O连锁群上,在Satt331和Satt477标记之间,与Satt331、CSSR133和Satt477标记距离的次序一致,分别为8.1~10.4 cM、11.4~16.4 cM、13.3~19.2 cM。  相似文献   

17.
Available material of oilseed (Brassica napus L., AACC) comprises two yellow-flowered breeding lines and a white/pale-flowered line of resynthesized rape. The flower colour white/pale is dominant over yellow, and is controlled by a gene located in the C-genome. The yellow-flowered genotypes acted as restorer lines and the white/pale-flowered genotype as a maintainer line in a cytoplasmic male sterility system. The segregation pattern of flower colour and male fertility restorer characters were studied in F2 generations of crosses between these lines, also in a three-way cross additionally including a yellow flowered B. campestris (AA) line. Evidense was obtained in support of the conclusion that the flower colour and male fertility restorer characters are monogenically controlled and independently inherited. Whether the male fertility restorer gene is located in the A or C genome remains to be determined.  相似文献   

18.
Y. Wang    L. Zhao    X. Wang    H. Sun 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(1):9-12
In this study, we report the mapping of the Rf locus in soybean by microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. A cross was made between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line JLCMS82A and restorer line JIHUI 1 based on the DNA polymorphisms revealed by 109 SSR markers. A F2 population derived from a single F1 plant containing 103 individuals was used for mapping the Rf locus. The Rf gene of JIHUI 1 gametophytically restores male fertility to JLCMS82A. Fertile and semi-fertile DNA bulks and parental DNAs were screened with 219 SSR markers, and Satt215 which was previously mapped to soybean LG J, was found linked to the Rf gene. Five additional polymorphic SSR markers from LG J were used for analysis and a regional linkage map around the Rf locus was established. SSR markers, Sctt011 and Satt547, flanked the Rf locus at 3.6 cM and 5.4 cM, respectively. The availability of these SSR markers will facilitate the selection of restorer lines in hybrid soybean breeding.  相似文献   

19.
水稻优良恢复系明恢63两个恢复基因恢复力的单独评价   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
野败型细胞质雄性不育系统是选配杂交稻组合广泛应用的主要不育细胞质资源,野败型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复能力由两个恢复基因控制。以前的研究表明,明恢63具有2个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(μ),分别位于第1和第10染色体上。为了分别准确估计这两个恢复基因的遗传效应,根据分子标记基因型,从珍汕97/明恢63衍生的241个F9重组自交系群体中选择两个自交系R124和R1183,它们分别含有单个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M),将R124和R1183与珍汕97A杂交,分别得到F1A和F1B,再自交得到F2A和F2B。在武汉和海南分别考察F1的育性,F1A的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为53.4%和60.2%,F1B的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为70.5%和75.7%。而珍汕97A/明恢63的杂种汕优63结实率为81.4%。F2A和F2B群体育性分离均符合1个主基因1:3的孟德尔期望分离比,表明,R124和R1183分别只含有一个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)。Rf(M)的效应较大,恢复力强,它单独几乎可以使育性恢复正常。利用标记辅助选择方法,转移两个恢复基因可以快速选育优良恢复系。  相似文献   

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