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1.
AIMS: To investigate the relationship between loss of parts of the pinna in rabbits and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (MD). METHODS: A case-control study design was employed. Rabbits with ear lesions were shot on farms in various locations in the South Island of New Zealand. For each case, an attempt was made to obtain a sex and size-matched control rabbit from the same farm on the same day. Serum samples were collected immediately after shooting. The serum samples were tested for RHD titres from 1:lO to 1:640. A selection of affected ears was examined histologically. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the relationship between ear loss and RHD antibody status at various serological cut-off levels. RESULTS: Affected ears were characterised by firm cartilaginous nodules and ridges, folding of the ear or loss of pinna to form a notch or complete loss of the outer pinna from about 052.0 cm above the intertragic notch. Histological changes in affected ears consisted mostly of focal mineralisation in the auricular cartilage, proliferation of cartilaginous tissue and loss of cartilage. The serological findings showed a significant association between rabbits with ear lesions and elevated RHD titres. CONCLUSION: The loss of the outer pinna in the rabbits under study was due to degenerative and hyperplastic changes in the auricular cartilage with distortion of the pinna, withering and loss of the outer pinna. The serological findings suggests that RHD is a likely factor in the development of the ear lesions. 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究和探讨抗类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)药物花艽-6的抗炎作用及其抗炎机理。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法、醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高法、甲醛和蛋清致小鼠足跖肿胀法,以及棉球致小鼠肉芽组织增生法分别研究了该药物的抗急性、亚急性和慢性炎症的作用。通过复制佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis,AA)大鼠模型研究花艽-6对其血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响。花艽-6对小鼠二甲苯所致的耳肿胀、醋酸所致的腹腔毛细血管通透性增高、甲醛和蛋清所致的足跖肿胀和棉花所致的肉芽组织增生均具有显著或极显著的抑制作用。花艽-6具有抗炎作用,可显著降低AA大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达,对RA具有治疗作用。 相似文献
3.
中药生物碱的提取及抗炎作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨自拟中药复方"宫炎净"总生物碱、简化复方总生物碱以及益母草生物碱对小鼠的抗炎作用,将实验小鼠分为生理盐水、地塞米松、复方"宫炎净"总生物碱、简化复方总生物碱以及益母草生物碱组,依据建立小鼠耳廓肿胀、腹腔毛细血管通透性、足趾肿胀以及肉芽肿炎症模型来评估各组药物的抗炎效果。结果表明,复方"宫炎净"总生物碱组与简化复方总生物碱能够显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀率、降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性、抑制蛋清所致小鼠足趾肿胀率、降低棉球所致小鼠肉芽组织增生,均与益母草生物碱组差异显著(P0.05),并与地塞米松组差异不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,复方"宫炎净"总生物碱组与简化复方总生物碱抗炎效果相差不大,简化复方可作为临床用药组方使用。 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2020,47(4):567-573
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, duration and safety of greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks in rabbits.Study designProspective, randomized, crossover, experimental study.AnimalsA total of 11 healthy adult Dutch-belted rabbits.MethodsThe rabbits underwent general anesthesia and injections of the greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerves using either bupivacaine (0.3 mL kg–1, 0.5%) or the same volume of saline. After anesthesia, the efficacy and duration of nerve blocks were assessed using analgesiometry forceps on the pinna and cotton-tipped applicators within the vertical ear canal. Rabbits were monitored for abnormal carriage of the ear and auriculopalpebral nerve block of the ipsilateral eye. Body weight, food intake, fecal output and fecal pellet diameter were measured daily for 6 days after the nerve blocks were performed and compared with baseline to assess short-term effects.ResultsThe greater auricular nerve was successfully blocked in 12/16 (75%) ears for mean ± standard deviation duration of 88 ± 52 minutes. In successfully blocked ears, altered ear position was noted in five/16 (31%) cases. The auriculotemporal nerve was blocked in one/16 ears for 120 minutes. The auriculopalpebral nerve was inadvertently blocked in three/16 ears. Food intake and fecal output decreased significantly during the treatment day but returned to pretreatment values after 24 hours. There was no change in body weight or fecal pellet diameter for either treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results suggest that duration of the greater auricular nerve block with 0.5% bupivacaine was short-lived in the live rabbit. Auriculotemporal nerve block was only achieved in one ear; therefore, further studies are warranted to evaluate the contribution of these blocks in the pain management of rabbits undergoing auricular surgery. 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨螺旋藻抗炎作用及其对机体免疫功能的影响。试验通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,构建小鼠体内炎症模型,以地塞米松为阳性对照药物,以小鼠耳肿胀为观察指标,探讨螺旋藻的体内抗炎作用;通过环磷酰胺构建小鼠免疫抑制模型,以不同剂量螺旋藻处理后测定免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠的脏器指数、血清白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）水平,同时结合脾脏及胸腺病理组织学观察,探讨螺旋藻对免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在螺旋藻对小鼠体内抗炎作用影响的试验中,0.3%螺旋藻灌胃对小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率极显著高于地塞米松对照组和其他螺旋藻处理组（P<0.01）,且螺旋藻对各试验组小鼠的脏器指数无不良影响,差异不显著（P>0.05）;在螺旋藻对小鼠免疫功能影响试验中,与空白对照组相比,环磷酰胺阳性对照组脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著下降（P<0.01）;肝脏指数极显著上升（P<0.01）,其它各剂量螺旋藻处理组小鼠胸腺指数跟空白对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,各组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平差异不显著（P>0.05）;通过病理组织学观察发现,环磷酰胺阳性对照组小鼠的脾小体萎缩、胸腺小体减少、淋巴细胞及网状细胞变性坏死,而各剂量螺旋藻处理组的脾小体和胸腺小体结构清晰完整、淋巴细胞增多。综上,螺旋藻能降低地塞米松和环磷酰胺对小鼠的免疫抑制,并且能修复小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤,说明其在抗炎和缓解免疫抑制方面具有一定的作用。 相似文献
6.
Leukocyte changes associated with acute inflammation in chickens 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Leukocyte changes in chickens with turpentine-induced inflammation were investigated sequentially at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours and at 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days. During acute inflammation, significant leukocytosis and heterophilia developed by 6 hours and persisted through 7 days. The peak mean heterophil and leukocyte counts occurred at 12 hours and 3 days, respectively. Left shifts were present at 12 and 24 hours as detected by 100-cell leukocyte differential counts. Heterophil mean nuclear scores documented nuclear hyposegmentation (left shift) during early inflammation and nuclear hypersegmentation (right shift) during convalescence. Mean monocyte and lymphocyte counts peaked at 2 and 3 days, respectively. Basophil and eosinophil counts were erratic. Toxic changes of heterophils were most apparent during intense left shifts and consisted of cell swelling, degranulation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and cytoplasmic basophilia. Cytoplasmic basophilia was the last aspect of toxic change to resolve. Ultrastructurally, toxic heterophils had intracellular edema, dissolution of granules, retention of ribosomes, nuclear membrane blebs, and decreased heterochromatin density. All inflammation-associated alterations in cell counts and morphology returned to baseline values and appearance by 14 days after turpentine administration. 相似文献
7.
试验旨在研究乳腺康注射液体内外药效。体外药效采用牛津杯法对其进行体外抑菌活性研究;体内药效采用热板法及醋酸致小鼠扭体的镇痛模型、二甲苯及鸡蛋清致炎模型、2,4-二硝基酚及干酵母致大鼠发热6种经典药理模型,对乳腺康注射液进行镇痛、抗炎、解热的药效研究。结果显示,乳腺康注射液对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌有较显著的体外抑制作用,中、高剂量能极显著提高小鼠痛阈值,极显著减少醋酸所致扭体次数（P<0.01）,中剂量组能显著降低二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀度及鸡蛋清致小鼠足跖肿胀度（P<0.05）,中、高剂量组对2,4-二硝基酚引起的发热在1.5~2.0及3.0~3.5 h有显著的解热作用（P<0.05）,对干酵母所引起的大鼠发热在1.0~3.5 h有显著的解热作用（P<0.05）。结果表明,乳腺康注射液能明显抑制大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的活性,且具有显著的镇痛抗炎解热作用。 相似文献
8.
LIU Tao PENG Xiao-feng LIU Cui PAN Chun-hui YANG Dan ZHANG Wen-jing DENG Yan-jun XU Yu-ling 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(9):2822-2828
The study was aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ruxiankang injection.The Oxford cup method was took to study the antibacterial activity in vitro of Ruxiankang injection;Six classical pharmacological models which were hot plate method, acetic acid inducing writhing, xylene inducing ear edema,egg white inducing paw edema, fever in rats induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol and dried yeast were adopted to study the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Ruxiankang injection.The results showed that Ruxiankang injection had significant inhibitory effect in vitro on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; And among them, middle and high dose groups could extremely significantly increase the pain threshold of mice and reduce the writhing times of mice (P<0.01);Middle dose group could significantly reduce the degree of ear swelling induced by xylene and foot metatarsus swelling by egg white in mice (P<0.05);Middle and high dose groups had significant antipyretic effect caused by 2, 4-dinitrophenol fever at 1.5 to 2.0 and 3.0 to 3.5 h and dry yeast at 1.0 to 3.5 h (P<0.05).The results indicated that Ruxiankang injection could obviously inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus activity and had remarkable antipyretic analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. 相似文献
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10.
AIM: Oral aqueous preparations of calcium chloride have been well established as causes of gastro-intestinal irritation in cattle. Recently another calcium salt, calcium formate, has been marketed as a treatment and prevention for hypocalcaemia, with the claim that it is non-irritant. The aim of this trial was to establish the safety of calcium formate in the target animal. METHODS: Nine Friesian milking cows were selected and separated at random into three groups. Three were treated with calcium formate, three with calcium chloride in soya bean oil as a positive control and three were negative controls. Cows were slaughtered 6 hours after the last administration and the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum examined by an operator who was unaware of the experimental status of the animals. RESULTS: There was diffuse reddening and swelling of the abomasal mucosa in two of the three cows treated with calcium formate but no lesions in those treated with calcium chloride in soya bean oil or in the negative controls. Histology of the affected portions of abomasum showed areas of necrosis of the mucosa and some acute inflammation. The submucosa was also haemorrhagic with moderate numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils present. Histology on other animals was unremarkable. CONCLUSION: Calcium formate may not be a safe oral treatment for cattle. Further testing is required. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Calcium formate, in the high concentrations required for therapy of hypocalcaemia may not be a safe treatment. 相似文献
11.
OBJECTIVE: To describe repair of chronic palatine defects in cats, with free cartilage graft harvested from either the pinna (scapha) or vertical ear canal (annular cartilage). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Cats (n=5) with chronic oronasal fistula. METHODS: Cartilage was harvested from either the scapha or annular cartilage and epithelium removed. After preparation of the edges of the palatal defect by separation of the oral and palatal mucosa circumferentially, the graft was inserted between the epithelial layers and secured without tension. The graft acted as a scaffold for migration of granulation tissue and epithelialization. RESULTS: Oronasal fistulae were successfully repaired in 5 cats (3 pinna grafts; 2 annular cartilage grafts); 1 cat required a second graft after the first graft was dislodged. CONCLUSIONS: Auricular cartilage provides a reliable framework for repair of oronasal fistulae in cats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chronic oronasal fistulae refractory to conventional repair can be treated by use of auricular free graft (pinna or annular cartilage) without disfigurement. Use of annular cartilage to support palatal repairs offers surgeons an additional option when other methods have failed. We recommend using conchal cartilage as the initial treatment approach for repair of small oronasal fistulae in cats. 相似文献
12.
Although it has been shown that auricular chondritis in rats is caused by the use of metal identification ear tags, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Based on the hypothesis that the auricular chondritis is caused by metal ions released from metal identification ear tags, we investigated the pathogenesis in male C57BL/6 mice tagged with metal identification ear tags. Twenty-six weeks after the attachment of the ear tags, visible increases in the thickness of the auricle were observed, and the concentrations of copper and iron in the tagged ears were significantly increased (P < .05) in the tagged ears compared with the untagged ears. There was up-regulation of metallothionein (MT)-I and MT-II mRNA in the tagged ears, and this was confirmed by immunohistologic staining of the destroyed cartilage. Histopathologically, there were observed severe chondritis with extensive granulomatous inflammation, newly formed cartilage nodules, and osseous metaplasia accompanied by cellular infiltrates, such as CD4 T lymphocyte, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells, and expression of Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-2 in the tagged ear. Based on these results, we concluded that the release of copper and iron ions from the metal ear tags played a major role in the onset of auricular chondritis. Subsequent cellular interactions, such as CD4 T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and mast cells, mediated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, caused an autoimmune response that may have led to the progression of auricular chondritis as an autoimmune disease. 相似文献
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The Effect of Edema, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Concurrent Viral Infection and Immunization on the Clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica from the Bovine Lung 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 The influence of pulmonary edema, hydrocortisone, immunization against Pasteurella hemolytica and concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus upon pulmonary clearance of aerosolized P. hemolytica was studied in 31 calves. Following the various treatments calves were challenged with an aerosol of P. hemolytica. One control calf was killed immediately after the aerosol and the numbers of bacteria in the lung taken as 100%. Two calves were killed four hours after challenge and the numbers of bacteria in the lungs were compared to the 100% of the control calf. The result was the percentage clearance of bacteria at four hours.
Pulmonary edema was induced by three different methods: by an aerosol of histamine, by intravenous injection of endotoxin and by intravenous injection of croton oil emulsion. The edema impaired the clearance of P. hemolytica, which was reflected in high numbers of P. hemolytica present in the lungs at four hours after challenge: 260% after histamine, 300% and 400% after endotoxin and 92% after croton oil.
Six days of treatment of four calves with high doses of hydrocortisone acetate produced inconsistent results: two calves treated with a higher daily dose (36 mg/kg) had normal clearance whereas two calves treated with a lower dose had pulmonary edema and displayed lowered clearance with 111% and 31% respectively of P. hemolytica retained in the lungs four hours after challenge.
Immunization of calves by three different methods, a subcutaneously injected bacterin of P. hemolytica (2 calves), single aerosol (2 calves) and four aerosols (4 calves) of live P. hemolytica was reflected in an accelerated pulmonary clearance of P. hemolytica (with a mean of 1.55% of bacteria retained at four hours).
Concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus did not lower the clearance of P. hemolytica in the lungs of 12 calves over 15 days except on the first day following the exposure to parainfluenza-3 virus. These calves had hemagglutinating antibodies against P. hemolytica before exposure.
相似文献15.
Clarke SP 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2004,6(4):283-286
A 5-year-old cat presented with haemorrhagic left aural discharge, 2 days following a road traffic accident. Otoscopic examination identified disruption of the external ear canal at the auricular/annular cartilage junction. This was managed by total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Left sided facial nerve deficits were present following surgery. Eighteen months postoperatively there were no auricular problems, however facial nerve deficits persisted. There are no previous reports describing management of acute separation at the auricular/annular cartilage junction of the external ear in the cat or dog. This case report describes the presentation, diagnosis and surgical management of an acute ear canal separation at the auricular/annular junction of the external ear canal in a cat. 相似文献
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[目的]考察“黄金二白散”的抑菌及消炎作用.[方法]采用小鼠耳肿胀法和平板打孔法进行了“黄金二白散”的抗炎试验和体外抑菌试验.[结果]抗炎试验,小鼠耳平均肿胀度低剂量组为（1.25±177;0.78） mg,中剂量组为（0.51±177;0.38） mg,高剂量组为（0.42±177;0.35） mg,试验3组与空白对照组相比,差异极显著;体外抑菌试验,“黄金二白散”对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌值为21.7 mm,对痢疾杆菌的抑菌值为17.4 mm,对绿脓杆菌的抑菌值为14.6 mm,对大肠杆菌的抑菌值为16.4 mm,对变形杆菌的抑菌值为28.3 mm.[结论]“黄金二白散”具有一定的抗炎作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌等细菌皆敏感,具有广谱抗菌作用,且与庆大霉素相比,抑菌效果更佳. 相似文献
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为探讨中药复方宫炎净注射液对小鼠急性炎症的抗炎作用,试验通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致小鼠足趾肿胀、冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性及棉球致肉芽肿4个急性炎症模型来研究其抗炎作用。结果表明,中药复方宫炎净注射液能显著减少小鼠的耳廓肿胀率和降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性（P＜0.05）;显著抑制棉球肉芽组织的生长和足趾肿胀率（P＜0.05）;其中以中药复方宫炎净注射液高剂量组效果最为显著,且与西药对照组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。因此,中药复方宫炎净注射液抗炎作用显著。 相似文献
18.
Karin Y Lemberger Kayla R Mohr John J Andrews 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(5):423-426
An 8-day-old male Angus calf was presented to the University of Illinois, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Urbana, IL, for lethargy, weakness, and poor suckle reflex. Clinical evaluation revealed a strong left-sided heart murmur and a split S2 sound. The calf died within 48 hours. Necropsy revealed a combination of the following cardiac defects: left ventricular hypoplasia, high ventricular septal defect, left auricular atresia with mitral valve aplasia, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary trunk atresia. Mild suppurative pneumonia with pulmonary edema and congestion were also present. This combination of defects appears to be similar to the hypoplastic left heart syndrome in humans and is reported here for the first time in cattle. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the study was to examine the acaricidal effect of essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil, TTO) at different doses (4, 6, 8 and 10 microl) and for different exposure times (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) on nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. A dose of 8 microl TTO was lethal for more than 70% of ticks when inhaled and this effect was enhanced when the dose was increased to 10 microl (> 80%). The effect was correlated with the duration of exposure of ticks to TTO, with a significant effect being observed after 90 min exposure. The findings show that TTO has acaricidal properties and could be extremely useful in controlling ticks that are efficient vectors of pathogens. 相似文献