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1.
简述了激光平地技术的特点、实施步骤,提出了提高平地效率的具体措施,并对平地效果进行了评价。指出激光平地的最佳作业时期为4月15日至5月20日,激光平地设备每年作业35d,可直接收入3.15万元,节水26％,投资回收期7a。虽然一次投资较大,但综合效益显著。 相似文献
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Jeetendra Prakash Aryal Dil Bahadur Rahut M. L. Jat Sofina Maharjan Olaf Erenstein 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2018,32(4):477-492
Laser land leveling has been increasingly adopted in the irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in the state of Haryana (India), located in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Still, many farmers have applied it to only a fraction of their land. In this study, we used data collected from 621 farm households in Haryana and applied a double-hurdle model for assessing the factors that determine the adoption and intensity of laser-leveling technology. The results show that large land holders are more likely to laser level their farm land; however, we found a negative association between land holdings and the proportion of laser-leveled land. Information about technology through farmer-to-farmer communication and through private traders, participation in agricultural training and membership in local agricultural institutions increased both the likelihood and the intensity of adoption. Our findings call for a closer collaboration among the various stakeholders, specifically to promote farmer-to-farmer communication through increased participation in local institutions and increase the rate of adoption of laser leveling technology. 相似文献
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探讨了建筑工程中的土方工程，从场地平整、施工场地的排降水措施、土方开挖、土方回填等方面来研究土方工程在施工管理中的常见问题。 相似文献
4.
信阳地区红麻高产栽培技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从信阳市红麻生产现状出发，根据农民在生产中存在的一些技术问题，从红麻整地、播种、施肥、收获四个方面提出一些技术改进措施，力争提高红麻纤维产量。增加农民收入。 相似文献
5.
旱稻、玉米间作栽培是高矮两种作物按一定的种植比例合理搭配的一种栽培形式。本文阐述了间作比例、地块的选择、品种选择、适时播种、细致整地、防除杂草、防治病虫害、机械化栽培的技术要点,并指出了相应的注意事项。 相似文献
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针对水田翻耕整地作业繁杂、费时费力、耗水量大等问题,选择具有代表性的稻田进行免耕原茬带水压耙试验。结果表明,这种压耙方法,简便易行,节水100m3/667m2,节支17.4元/667m2,增产13.6kg/667m2,增收17.68元/667m2。是抗旱种稻的一项重要技术措施。 相似文献
8.
The dye-resist effect and leveling properties of hetero-mulifunctional dye-resist agents in acid dyeing of wool were investigated.
The dye-resist agent with dichlorotriazinyl group achieved better resist effectiveness than those with monochlorotriazinyl
group. The resist effectiveness was improved by increasing the number of sulfonate group in dye-resist agents. Also, the resist
agents with more sulfonate groups showed better dye-assist effectivness, attributable to the increased electrostatic attraction
between dye-resist agents and the cationic dye. However, the leveling properties of dye-resist agents decreased with the number
of sulfonate groups in the molecule. 相似文献
9.
A new method for assessing land leveling to produce high quality consolidated paddy fields 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The quality of leveling of 0.3-ha consolidated paddy fields in Japan was investigated. The leveling of normal consolidated
plots was accurate to within 7 cm from a horizontal plane, with an average standard deviation of about 18 mm for the points
measured throughout the plot. The investigated paddy fields had inclinations ranging from horizontal to quite steep; the average
inclination was 0.56‰ (1/1,718). The traditional assessment method is based on a horizontal plane. Because it is difficult
to use this method to assess the leveling conditions of paddy fields that have an inclined surface, a new assessment method
that accurately evaluates the sloped plane of a paddy field is proposed. The new method assesses the leveling conditions within
a field by means of a "state index" that considers both the inclination and the surface roughness. Using this state index
not only allowed the conditions to be effectively evaluated, but also helped reduce the extra workload needed to level the
field to the farmers' requirements after the initial consolidation.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
10.
This paper reviews the constraints and challenges of paddy farming in Taiwan. Based on those evidences, a set of eco-friendly rice farming practices raised by SRI principles are proposed from exploratory SRI trials conducted in Taiwan. The trials show that even with less exact leveling in the SRI field than is ideally provided, the average yield for SRI was higher than for CP; with an aerobic soil situation, the combination of biocontrol agent application and SRI management was seen to give better rice blast control; and the highest paddy yield was obtained from single-seedling transplants from potted nursery trays which protect the young seedlings’ roots from shock or twisting, compared with the planting of more numerous seedlings grown on flat nursery trays by a mechanical rice transplanter. In conclusion, a conceptual framework for eco-friendly paddy farming is formulated to encourage farmers to practice SRI principles. Among the participants in this collaboration, a co-operating group of SRI farmers is organized under investor sponsorship to guarantee the quality and safety of food, integrating an inspection service and food-source traceability from field to market with the production process. It is seen that in Taiwan, SRI principles can be adopted by local farmers without need for additional premiums through eco-friendly collaboration that can raise simultaneously the productivity of land, capital, and irrigation water. In addition, this collaboration can take advantage of increasing consumer demand for safe food with fewer chemicals and for supporting a greater level of biodiversity. 相似文献
11.
浦城县在实施农业综合开发项目建设中,大力实施旱涝保收高标准农田建设,通过采用施用商品有机肥、种植绿肥、秸秆还田等试验,探讨提升土壤肥力的主要技术措施,以期为提升平整区土壤肥力提供参考。 相似文献
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Wool/cotton union fabric was dyed with a direct dye in union shade. The dyeing was performed in a single bath in relation
to four factors: leveling agent (Lyogen SMKI, 0–1.5 % oww), electrolyte (sodium sulfate, 0–10 %), dyeing temperature (85–95
°C), and dyeing time (15–60 min). The dyeing was characterized by dye bath exhaustion (%), color strength (K/S value), washing
fastness, and light fastness of dyed sample. Response surface analysis showed that the exhaustion of direct dye increased
with electrolyte, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time while the K/S value followed a linear shape with leveling agent and
dyeing temperature. An optimized recipe was formulated based on response surface strategy and numerical optimization solution. 相似文献
13.
大豆花药培养研究进展 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
如何提高接种效率和愈伤组织质量，通过外源激素来调节内源激素．使愈伤组织处于适合分化的状态。研制专用培养基，筛选敏感性基因型等，是大豆花药培养取得突破性进展的关键。本文从取材、细胞学研究、培养基改进、基因型筛选和植株分化等几个方面，回顾了２０多年来大豆花药培养取得的成绩和存在的问题，目的在于促进大豆花药培养的深入研究。 相似文献
14.
Woo Sub Shim Joonseok Koh Jung Jin Lee Ik Soo Kim Jae Pil Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(2):152-159
Three commercial dyes-direct, reactive, and vat dye-were applied to the new regenerated cellulose fiber which was prepared
from cellulose acetate fiber through the hydrolysis of acetyl groups with an environmentally friendly manufacturing process.
The effect of salt, alkali, liquor ratio, temperature, and leveling agent on the dyeing behavior and fastness were evaluated
and compared with regular viscose rayon. From the results, we found that new regenerated cellulose fiber exhibited better
dyeability and fastness than regular viscose rayon. 相似文献
15.
以生态足迹计算方法和泰尔指数等区域差距计算方法为模型工具,对海南的生态盈亏及其空间结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：海南省总量生态盈亏(ED)为2 357 083 hm2。在各项生态生产性土地中,盈亏较高的是总量水域、总量林地和总量耕地生态盈亏,较低的是总量草地、总量建设用地和总量化石能源用地生态盈亏。在18个市县中,总量耕地生态盈亏最高的市县是海口市,最低的是临高县。海南省人均生态盈亏为0.267 983 hm2。其中,人均水域、林地和耕地生态盈亏较高,人均草地、建设用地和化石能源用地生态盈亏较低。在18个 相似文献
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介绍了黄河三角洲耕地现状及目前存在的耕地面积减少、质量退化、破坏严重等问题,并提出加强土地管理法宣传力度、加大保护耕地执法力度、扩大耕地面积、开垦后备资源等保护耕地的对策。 相似文献
18.
土地利用/覆盖变化（land use/cover change,LUCC）是当前全球变化研究的核心内容之一。土地利用遥感监测是土地利用变化相关研究的重要技术手段,尤其是高分辨率遥感技术和谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine,GEE）云计算平台的出现,为土地利用空间信息的获取提供了新的途径和方法。本研究基于GEE云平台提供的Landsat-8 OLI时间序列卫星影像数据,采用随机森林（random forest,RF）和支持向量机（support vector machines,SVM）分类算法,对海南岛土地利用类型进行了遥感分类研究。结果表明：RF与SVM算法对海南岛土地利用中水体和建筑用地的分类精度均较高,对耕地、园地和林地分类精度较低。与SVM方法相比,RF分类方法能够更准确识别各类地物信息,更适于海南岛土地利用分类的研究。海南岛林地（包括天然林、橡胶林等）所占比例最大,主要分布在海南岛中部;耕地和园地面积接近,相间分布于海南岛大部分区域;水体和建筑用地面积较小,在海南岛均呈零散的分布状态,以沿海地区为主。GEE平台对于开展大区域土地利用分类与遥感动态监测具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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在分析海南省土地资源主要功能的基础上,构建评价指标体系,对海南省土地资源承载力进行了计算。结果表明：2007～2012年间海南省土地资源承载力呈现上升趋势,其中土地生态承载力、土地生产承载力占海南省土地资源承载力的30%以上,是海南省土地资源开发利用的主要方向。 相似文献
20.
基于FMT-AHP的海南澄迈县耕地地力评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在构建包含土壤理化性状、土壤养分、立地条件和土壤管理在内的4个子目标、11个指标的耕地地力评价指标体系基础上,采用模糊数学理论确定指标隶属度,借助层次分析法对指标隶属度进行加权求和,对澄迈县各乡镇进行耕地地力综合评价。结果表明:澄迈县耕地地力为中等水平,二、三、四级耕地占全区耕地总面积的89.8%;各乡镇耕地地力水平分布不均,以瑞溪镇和金江镇最高,加乐镇和文儒镇的五级耕地所占比重较大,其耕地地力水平较低;区域降雨和地形因素是研究区内耕地地力水平空间分布不均的主要成因。 相似文献