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1.
以怀槐的心材和树皮为原料,用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水5种溶剂对其进行浸提,得到10种提取物.这10种提取物对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌性能研究表明,怀槐心材的甲醇和丙酮提取物的抑菌性能良好.将心材的甲醇提取物和无机木材防腐剂酸性铬酸铜(ACC)用于对木材的室内防腐实验,根据腐朽后试样的失重率和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的照片观测,得出甲醇提取物对白腐菌的防腐作用较好,对褐腐菌的防腐作用很弱,而ACC对两种菌的防腐作用较强.将心材甲醇提取物和ACC用于对斑马鱼的急性毒性试验,测得两者在24、48和 72 h 的半致死浓度,甲醇提取物分别为16.5、12.7、12.0 mg/L,ACC分别为3.2、2.5、2.0 mg/L;两者的安全质量浓度分别为2.26和 0.46 mg/L. 相似文献
2.
侧柏心材活性成分的提取及其抑菌性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究侧柏心材不同部位及正己烷和二氯甲烷依次提取的心材活性成分对白腐菌、褐腐菌、黑曲霉菌的抑菌作用,并采用GC/MS联用技术对提取物中的活性成分进行鉴定和分析.结果表明:侧柏心材从髓心向边材根据年轮所划分的3个部位对3种真菌都具有较好的抑菌效果,并且靠近边材的2部分抑菌效果更明显些.气质联机技术对正己烷和二氯甲烷提取物分析鉴定表明:侧柏心材正己烷提取物中有14种化合物,大部分化合物属于萜烯类物质及其衍生物,最高含量化合物为罗汉柏烯(25.564%)和雪松醇(19.743%);侧柏心材二氯甲烷提取物中鉴定出24种化合物,最高含量化合物也为罗汉柏烯(15.429%).侧柏心材正己烷提取物对褐腐菌、白腐菌和黑曲霉菌第14 d时的抑菌圈直径分别为10.0,9.3和8.3 mm,大于二氯甲烷提取物抑菌圈直径(0,2.7和1.3mm),表明正己烷提取物对3种真菌的抑制生长作用明显优于二氯甲烷提取物的抑菌作用. 相似文献
3.
大果紫檀心材不同溶剂提取物的抑菌效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《森林与环境学报》2015,(3)
采用生长速率之含毒介质培养法测定分析了大果紫檀心材不同溶剂提取物对密粘褶菌和采绒革盖菌生长的抑制作用,以探明大果紫檀心材的耐腐机理。结果表明:大果紫檀心材6种溶剂提取物对密粘褶菌的抑制强弱依次为甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯提取物丙酮提取物三氯甲烷提取物石油醚提取物蒸馏水提取物,其中甲醇提取物的半最大效应浓度(EC50)值最低,为0.017 8 g·L-1,针对抑制密粘褶菌,大果紫檀心材提取最适溶剂为甲醇;除蒸馏水外其余5种溶剂提取物对彩绒革盖菌均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,抑制作用强弱依次为三氯甲烷提取物甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯提取物丙酮提取物石油醚提取物,在抑制采绒革盖菌方面,提取的最适溶剂为三氯甲烷。 相似文献
4.
对比了10种植物干叶的50%乙醇提取物对4种常见木材腐朽菌的抑菌活性,筛选出具有广谱杀菌性且效果较好的植物来源,为后续开发植物源木材防腐剂提供依据。以白腐菌采绒革盖菌、黄孢原毛平革菌和褐腐菌密粘褶菌、绵腐卧孔菌为供试真菌,采用生长速率法初步测定香樟、侧柏、闽楠等10种植物醇提物对木腐菌的抑菌效力,比较其不同时间段的(3、5 d和7 d)菌落直径和抑菌率,聚类分析优选出抑菌植物。结果表明:1)在供试浓度为20 mg/mL的条件下,10种植物醇提物对白腐菌和褐腐菌均有一定抑制作用,随着时间延长大多数植物醇提物抑菌活性明显下降,总体抑菌效果褐腐菌比白腐菌更强;2)当菌落培养至7 d时,飞龙掌血、猴樟、圆柏等6种植物对白腐菌和褐腐菌均有抑制作用,其中飞龙掌血和香樟对4种菌均有抑制作用;3)飞龙掌血抑菌率均高于70%,总体抑菌效果较香樟好,而香樟对采绒革盖菌的抑制效果较差,对其他3种菌的抑制效果达到70%以上。聚类分析结果显示,飞龙掌血(1)和香樟(10)的抑菌效果最佳,在不同时间段对4种木材腐朽菌均有较强的抑菌效力,说明这2种植物具有开发植物源木材防腐剂的潜力。 相似文献
5.
6.
以自主研制的新型木材防腐剂为防腐药剂,选择已经发生初期轻微蓝变的试件和没有腐朽的试件,通过施加防腐剂,接种白腐菌、软腐菌和褐腐菌试验,按照不同时间检测试件的顺纹抗压强度和失重,分析新型木材纳米防腐剂的抑菌性能及对不同菌种的抑菌效果。结果表明：防腐剂对褐腐菌具有较好的抑菌性能,在试验近90天的时间内基本保持顺纹抗压强度不变,并且试件失重很少,可见铜对褐腐菌作用效果显著;对白腐菌和软腐菌效果不明显,需要进行防腐剂复配的进一步试验;对已发生初期轻微蓝变的试件,施加防腐剂基本没有作用。 相似文献
7.
天然耐腐木材的抗腐力及其在腐朽过程中化学成分的变化 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
在实验室中用土壤木块法测定了杉木、楠木、檫木、白栎、楸木等心材对彩绒革盖菌(白腐菌)和密粘褶菌(褐腐菌)的天然耐腐力,并分析了样品在腐巧过程中的主要化学成分变化。试验结果表明,上述心材对彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌具有很大的杭腐力,而作为对照样品的杨木却很不耐腐。这个事实反映了在这些树种的心材中含有有效的抗菌成分。彩绒革盖菌几乎以相同的相对速度分解综纤维素和木质素,木材在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度逐渐减少。密粘褶菌主要分解木材中的多聚糖,它只引起木质素含量的少量损失。木材在褐腐前期,在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度明显增加,直到后期,由于部分降解的高聚糖碎片被褐腐菌消化,致使木材在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度迅速下降。 相似文献
8.
9.
EugeneOnyekweOnuorah 《林业研究》2002,13(3):183-190
本文调查了三种耐用木材(Afzelia africana J.E. Smith; Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill & Perr.) Brenam. Syn. E guinensis G.Don. or Milicia excelsa (Welw) C.C. Berg. Syn. Chlorophora excelsa (Welw) Benth.)的心材提取物（在60%的甲醇中风干提取）和两种专用木材防腐剂（CCA和Penta）在暴露的土壤区组设计条件下，抑制三种木材腐朽菌(Coridopsis Polyzona Klotzch; Lenzites trabea; or Trametes cingulata Fr.)对见血封喉边材的侵袭的相对潜能，并测定其阈值。提取物和防腐剂的剂量分别是8.009、24.778、48.056、96.111、144.167 kg·m-3 ，样品的暴露处理时间与ASTM D1413-72规定的一致分别是14周和18周。结果显示：在阈值范围内，任何一种心材提取物或木材防腐剂在研究中对木材腐朽菌的抑制能力在0.01的显著水平下，差异显著。这些生物杀灭剂的相对功效是取决于真菌的种类。没有任何一种心材提取物或木材防腐剂（除在用最高的存留水平处理被侵袭的非洲毒箭木的条件下）对于被处理的木材能够授予"非常持久"等级。本土树种的心材提取物相对持久力的减少的可能原因是复杂的。在最高的存留量（144.167 kg·m-3）水平下，在0.05显著水平下每种心材提取物和任一种专用木材防腐剂（CCA和Penta）之间的功效差异不显著. 相似文献
10.
铁木桉的心材放在玻璃试管里是不会被变色多孔菌(Polyporus versicolor)或Poria monticola 木腐菌侵染腐烂的。心材的甲醇浸提物稀释1,000倍加在3%的麦芽汁里,对 Polyporus monticola 是有毒的,但对变色多孔菌(P.versicolor)是无毒的。心材木块经甲醇浸提处理,仍能保持其抗腐性。这些溶于醚的(含大量的1,2—二苯乙烯)和溶于水的(含大量的鞣花单宁)馏分,低于原木中的含量时,在3%的麦芽汁里也可抑制两种真菌。三角叶杨(Populusdeltoides)木块用纯白藜露醇浸渍,不能产生抗腐力,虽然其中有较高浓度的甲醇浸提物,然而水溶性浸提物则能。本研究阐述了木材浸出物以及从那些浸提物里获得的纯化合物在玻璃试管里对木材耐腐作用毒性试验的结果及其困难性。 相似文献
11.
G. Von Cerny 《Forest Pathology》1973,3(4):214-220
Inhibition of several ectoenzymes of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. by wood and bark extracts from Picea abies (Karst.). Methanol soluble extractives of sapwood, heartwood and reaction zone from Norway spruce as well as acetone soluble extractives of spruce bark were tested at a concentration of 0.05 percent for inhibition of Fomes annosus enzymes cellulase, pectinase 相似文献
12.
Kazuya Tsuruta Yayoi Yoshida Norihisa Kusumoto Nobuhiro Sekine Tatsuya Ashitani Koetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):520-525
The growth inhibition activities of essential oils obtained from Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pinus thunbergii were examined against the bacillariophyceae Skeletonema costatum, also known as red tide plankton. The essential oils were extracted from the heartwood, leaves, and bark of these typical
indigenous Japanese conifers. The essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood possessed strong growth inhibition activity. The chemical compositions of these essential oils were analyzed by
gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). α-Terpineol and longifolene were the main components of the essential oil from P. thunbergii heartwood. The C. japonica bark essential oil was mainly composed of α-terpineol, δ-cadinene, isophyllocladene, and ferruginol. Ferruginol and longifolene showed more potent growth inhibition against S. costatum than hinokitiol (β-thujaplicine), which is known to be a strong antifungal compound among wood components. Ferruginol and longifolene were important
factors for the growth inhibition activity of the essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood, respectively. These results suggest the possibility of using C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood for the control of red tide plankton. 相似文献
13.
The extracts from leaves, heartwood, barks and roots of the Streblus asper were investigated for anti-HBV activities, separately. The results suggested that the MeOH extracts of the heartwood, barks, and roots exhibited good anti-HBV activities. Further investigations displayed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble parts of their MeOH extracts showed more significant anti-HBV activities. Moreover, a new lignan, together with 11 known compounds, was isolated from n-butanol-soluble part of MeOH extract of the roots of S. asper. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC) and HR-EI-MS experiments. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities. Honokiol showed significant anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 3.14μM and 4.74μM for HBsAg and HBeAg with no cytotoxicity respectively, while lamivudine (3TC, positive control) exhibited weak anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 11.81μM and 25.80μM for HBsAg and HBeAg respectively. 相似文献
14.
Adam M. Taylor Barbara L. Gartner Jeffrey J. Morrell K. Tsunoda 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(2):147-153
The effect of selective removal of extractives on termite or decay resistance was assessed with matched samples of Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Spach heartwood. Samples were extracted using a variety of solvents and then exposed to the subterranean termite
Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in a no-choice feeding test or to the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen & Lombard in a soil bottle test. At the same time, the effect of naturally occurring variations in heartwood
extractives on termite or decay resistance was evaluated by testing samples from the inner and outer heartwood of five trees
of each species against C. formosanus and P. placenta and analyzing matched wood samples for their extractive content. The results suggest that the methanol-soluble extractives
in T. plicata and C. nootkatensis play an important role in heartwood resistance to attack by C. formosanus and P. placenta. Total methanol-soluble extractive content of the heartwood was positively correlated with both termite and decay resistance;
however, there was much unexplained variation and levels of individual extractive components were only weakly correlated with
one another. Further studies are under way to develop a better understanding of the relationships between individual extractive
levels and performance. 相似文献
15.
以毛竹和重组竹为研究对象,用绵腐卧孔菌(PV)、密粘褶菌(GT)两种褐腐菌和彩绒革盖菌(CV)、变色栓菌(TV)两种白腐菌进行腐朽试验,比较分析了毛竹和重组竹腐朽前后表面视觉性质及其质量损失差异。结果发现:毛竹和重组竹颜色均发生了显著变化,主要表现为明度(L~*)降低,色度值(C)、红绿轴色品指数(a~*)和黄蓝轴色品指数(b~*)显著增大,其中绵腐卧孔菌对毛竹及重组竹的色差影响最大。重组竹(耐绵腐卧孔菌)能达到Ⅰ级强耐腐水平;毛竹(耐绵腐卧孔菌)和重组竹(耐密粘褶菌和彩绒革盖菌)达到了Ⅱ级耐腐水平;毛竹(耐密粘褶菌、彩绒革盖菌和变色栓菌)和重组竹(耐彩绒革盖菌)为Ⅲ级稍耐腐水平。整体来看,重组竹对白腐菌和褐腐菌的耐腐效果好于毛竹。绵腐卧孔菌虽然对毛竹和重组竹的降解能力最弱,但对其颜色变化的影响却最大。扫描电镜可观察到彩绒革盖菌通过毛竹导管壁上的纹孔进入薄壁细胞、伴胞等,同时通过分泌木质素酶导致其细胞壁降解。 相似文献
16.
《林业研究》2020,31(5):2023-2029
The experiment was conducted to improve the decay resistance of wood by increasing the wood preservatives uptake and penetration depth by bioincising with Coriolus versicolor. The mechanical properties of bioincised Populus davidiana sapwood were measured. The changes of wood components(lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were analyzed by FTIR. The staining treatment using potassium permanganate was to measure the preservatives uptake and penetration depth in wood specimens. The decay resistance of bioincised specimens impregnated with IPBC and CA was assessed against C.versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum using bioincised P.davidiana sapwood and untreated controls. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the bioincised specimens were changed with the incubation time and mass loss. The mechanical strength was decreased after 17 days compared to that of the specimens bioincised 13 days.The bioincised specimens demonstrated the deeper penetration depth than the un-bioincised specimens. It was significant correlation(P 0.01) between penetrationdepth and incubation time. The average value of the penetration depth of the bioincised specimens was deeper than the control groups by 158.7%. By FTIR analysis, the biodegradation ability of C. versicolor to decay cellulose and hemicellulose was weaker than that of lignin. The bioincising treatment significantly increased the wood uptake of IPBC and CA, and reached the maximum uptake value at 17 and 13 days, respectively. Summarily, the bioincising pretreatment can obviously improve the wood decay resistance against C. versicolor and G. trabeum following by introducing the IPBC and CA. 相似文献
17.
Heartwood extractives (nonstructural wood components) are believed to be formed from a combination of compounds present in the adjacent sapwood and materials imported from the phloem. The roles of local compounds and imported material in heartwood formation could have important implications for the wood quality of species having naturally durable wood. Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C) was analyzed to assess radial variation in sapwood extractives, and to estimate the relative importance of adjacent sapwood extractives and imported photosynthate in the formation of heartwood extractives. Cellulose and extractives from the outer 39 annual rings of six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were isolated and their delta(13)C composition determined. Although the extractives and the cellulose showed different absolute delta(13)C values, the patterns of change over time (as represented by the annual rings) were similar in most cases. Within an annual ring, carbon isotope ratios of extractives were correlated with the cellulose isotope ratio (R2 = 0.33 in sapwood, R2 = 0.34 in heartwood for aqueous acetone-soluble extractives; R2 = 0.41 in sapwood for hot-water-soluble extractives). These data suggest that some sapwood extractives are formed when the wood ring forms, and remain in place until they are converted to heartwood extractives many years later. Sapwood extractives appear to be important sources of materials for the biosynthesis of heartwood extractives in Douglas-fir. 相似文献
18.
Sheng-Yang?Wang Jyh-Horng?Wu Sen-Sung?Cheng Chiu-Ping?Lo Hsing-Ning?Chang Lie-Fen?Shyur Shang-Tzen?Chang
Calocedrus formosana Florin (Cupressaceae) is an endemic tree to Taiwan. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts from heartwood, bark, and leaf of C. formosana, assays for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities, as well as prevention of DNA strand cleavage were performed in this study. Similar IC50 values against the DPPH radical were found for the heartwood and bark extracts at approximately 23µg/ml. Moreover, the heartwood extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against superoxide radicals among the test samples; a 2.3-fold lower value of IC50 for superoxide radical inhibition was found in the heartwood extract relative to that of (+)-catechin. Much less effect on inhibition of DPPH and superoxide radicals was found from the leaf extract of C. formosana. More than 70% of superoxide radicals were inhibited in the presence of 10µg/ml heartwood extract, whereas only 15% inhibition was obtained from the leaf extract. The heartwood extract, at a dose of approximately 0.5mg/ml, apparently completely prevented the X174 supercoiled DNA cleavage induced by ultraviolet photolysis of H2O2, as judged by agarose gel electrophoresis. This report also suggests that the antioxidant activities of the plant extracts of C. formosana are in good correlation with their phenolic contents. 相似文献
19.
Koh Hashida Masanobu Tabata Katsushi Kuroda Yuichiro Otsuka Satoshi Kubo Rei Makino Yoshitaka Kubojima Mario Tonosaki Seiji Ohara 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(2):160-168
Phenolic extractives in the trunk of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (syn. Rhus verniciflua) were investigated. Seventeen compounds, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (?)-fisetinidol-4β-ol, (?)-fisetinidol-4α-ol, 2-benzyl-2,6,3′,4′-tetrahydroxycoumaran-3-one, (?)-fustin, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, (?)-epifustin, (+)-taxifolin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, (?)-garbanzol, (?)-fustin-3-O-gallate, (?)-epifustin-3-O-gallate, fisetin, sulfuretin, quercetin and butein, were identified from the heartwood extractives. It was found that only (+)-taxifolin which had 5,7-dihydroxy A-ring possessed a 3R configuration although other flavonoids which had 7-hydroxy A-ring possessed a 3S configuration. Quantitative analysis revealed that the total phenolic contents were much higher in the heartwood (5–7 wt%) than in the sapwood and bark (1–2 wt%), and (?)-fustin was the most abundant extractive in the heartwood (1.4–2.4 wt%). For the radial distribution of phenolic extractives, it was generally found that their content was lowest in the sapwood, increased to the highest in the outer heartwood, and then decreased in the inner heartwood. 相似文献
