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马铃薯-大白菜双季栽培体系中大白菜氮肥施用量对其产量、氮肥利用、硝酸盐累积的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在内蒙古河套灌区建立的马铃薯-大白菜双季栽培体系下通过大白菜茬口5水平氮肥施用量田间试验,研究了不同施氮量对大白菜产量、氮肥利用率、大白菜硝酸盐含量、土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：双季栽培体系下,大白菜产量,体系净收益随施氮量的增加而增加,但当复种茬口施氮量≥120 kg•hm-2时,大白菜产量、体系净收益不再随施氮量的增加而显著增加|总施氮量225～405 kg•hm-2范围内双季栽培体系氮素累积、氮肥利用率比传统马铃薯单季露地栽培显著提高|大白菜硝酸盐含量、收获后0～160 cm土壤硝态氮累积量随复种茬口施氮量的增加而增加,当复种茬口施氮量≥120 kg•hm-2时,大白菜硝酸盐达到高度累积,0～160 cm土壤硝态氮累积量≥162 kg•hm-2,在秋浇水时加剧了地下水污染的风险。合理控制氮肥施用量是降低地下水污染风险、降低大白菜硝酸盐含量和提高经济净收益的有效平衡途径。 相似文献
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采用田间试验方法,研究不同施氮量(常规施氮量、1/3常规施氮量、1/2常规施氮量和2/3常规施氮量)对大棚番茄老株更新套种菜豆产量、土壤化学性状的影响。结果表明:适当减量施氮不会影响番茄产量。番茄老株更新套种菜豆栽培模式可以明显提高土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量;土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、EC值均随施氮量增加呈增加的趋势;施用氮肥会降低土壤p H值,适当减量施氮可以提高土壤中的速效钾含量,但对土壤速效磷含量影响不大。综上所述,大棚番茄老株更新套种菜豆模式,施氮量为常规1/2即15 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1)时,不仅可以降低氮肥用量,提高土壤速效钾含量,还能保证番茄产量,且可额外增加菜豆产量。 相似文献
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通过田间小区试验的方法,研究高磷钾土壤不同施肥水平对设施番茄产量、品质、养分吸收及土壤中养分变化的影响。试验结果表明,不同处理间产量差异不显著,随着氮、磷、钾施用量的增加,各处理番茄植株和果实中氮和钾的吸收量增加,叶、茎、果实中钾的吸收量明显高于氮、磷的吸收量;每1 hm~2N、P_2O_5、K_2O的追肥量为277.5、83.25、416.3 kg时,番茄产量较高,品质最好,且养分投入量低,土壤中盐分和养分累积相对较低,但磷、钾吸收量偏高,因此在该施肥方案基础上增施氮肥,降低磷、钾肥的施用量更利于番茄生长。 相似文献
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在大田条件下,研究了单施有机肥和有机肥配施化肥(混施)处理对苹果果品钙素吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:单施有机肥土壤剖面硝态氮变化量不大,但可显著增加0~30 cm土层有机质含量,而混施可造成深层土壤硝态氮的累积,累积可达到120 cm土层。单施有机肥显著提高了果品钙素含量,与混施相比单施有机肥处理下SOD酶活性增加了21.82%,果实硝态氮含量降低了77.46%,说明当地有机肥的施用量基本维持了果园生态系统的碳、氮平衡,单施有机肥促进了果品钙素的吸收,对改善果实品质,促进果实硝态氮的转化,调节土壤硝酸盐含量变化有着很好的效果,而混施土壤硝态氮的累积可能在一定程度上抑制了苹果树对钙素的吸收。 相似文献
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不同种植方式对设施番茄根系及土壤中氮磷分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《北方园艺》2020,(2)
采用温室小区试验,分别设置1.0 m平作、0.5 m垄作、1.0 m垄作和1.5 m垄作4种种植方式,研究了不同种植方式对番茄"朗庭"根系生长、产量、养分吸收量以及氮磷养分含量空间分布的影响,以期为探究冬春茬设施番茄适宜的种植方式,解决设施土壤氮磷淋失导致环境污染等问题。结果表明:与常规1.0 m垄作相比,1.5 m垄作种植方式下番茄产量增加10.46%,氮吸收增加7.78%,磷吸收增加20.35%;同时促进根系生长发育,提高番茄整根特征各项参数,根长增加了94.53%,0L≤1.0 mm根长增加了101.69%,根表面积增加了80.13%,根体积增加了12.58%,根干质量增加了30.14%;根系主要分布在水平0～10 cm,垂直10～20 cm范围的土层内;1.5 m垄作提高收获期0～15 cm土层土壤硝态氮与有效磷含量,利于养分的保持,减少向下层淋溶风险。 相似文献
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对甘肃省陇东地区苹果园采用垄膜集雨措施,按距主干不同距离及不同土层深度测定土壤氮素含量。结果表明,苹果园土壤全氮含量从树体至行间方向逐渐降低,0～30 cm深土层土壤全氮含量最丰富;距主干50 cm处土壤铵态氮含量较高;土壤硝态氮集中分布在距主干50 cm处,其中30～60、100～150 cm深土层中土壤硝态氮含量高;垄膜集雨苹果园土壤中铵态氮累积量明显高于清耕(对照)苹果园,距主干50 cm处土壤中硝态氮累积量与清耕(对照)苹果园相当,距主干100～200 cm范围内土壤中硝态氮累积量明显低于清耕(对照)苹果园。建议甘肃省陇东地区连年采用垄膜集雨苹果园适当调整施肥时间和肥料种类。 相似文献
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设不施氮、施普通尿素、施控释尿素80％、施控释尿素60％4个处理,研究控释尿素对鸭梨产量、品质和土壤氮素的影响.结果表明:与100％普通尿素比较,控释尿素的用氮量为普通尿素的80％,0～30 cm土壤的碱解氮与硝态氮的含量及梨果的产量显著增加.用氮量60％,与普通尿素的接近.控释尿素处理的梨果品质、氮肥利用率显著提高,且以用氮量60％的肥效最佳. 相似文献
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以辣椒品种"美园"为试材,通过田间试验和室内化验分析相结合的方法,研究了设施条件下不同处理(常规施肥、减氮15%、减氮30%、减氮45%、不施氮肥)对土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低,土壤0~40cm土层硝态氮含量波动较大,40~100cm土层硝态氮含量波动较小;随着氮肥施用量的减少,土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低,减量施肥较常规施肥在不同土层深度土壤硝态氮含量波动小。随着采样日期的增加,土壤硝态氮含量在最终达到最小值,但是土壤硝态氮含量与采样日期不呈线性关系,0~40cm土层硝态氮含量波动较大,40~100cm土层硝态氮含量波动较小。 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以"圣鼎一号"青椒为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了增施微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响,以期为青椒合理的增施微生物菌剂提供参考依据.结果表明:增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A能更有效地促进青椒生长,提高青椒的果实品质产量和土壤养分;与其它处理相比,减量施肥+微生物菌剂A处理促进青椒生长,提高果实品质产量的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,青椒的株高、茎粗和叶绿素均有不同程度的提高,使青椒维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物和总产量分别提高了 3.3％～15.1％、14.2％～25.2％、6.2％～8.8％和23.3％～36.2％,硝酸盐含量降低了 9.1％～11.8％;与其它处理相比,常规施肥+微生物菌剂A处理使土壤养分含量增加的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,使土壤的硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了 3.5～9.4％、4.8～14.0％和3.5～9.6％.增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A可以作为一种促进青椒生长、增加果实品质产量和提高土壤养分的方法. 相似文献
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以"佳美8号"番茄为试材,设置5个处理分别为CK(不施氮肥)、U处理(普通尿素配施水溶肥)、CRU处理(控释氮肥配施水溶肥)、-20％CRU处理(控释氮肥减氮20％配施水溶肥)、-40％CRU处理(控释氮肥减氮40％配施水溶肥),采用LI-8100A碳通量测量系统对设施番茄土壤呼吸进行测定,研究了控释氮肥及减氮对设施菜田土壤呼吸的影响,以期为控释氮肥减量施用增加番茄产量降低土壤呼吸速率提供参考依据.结果 表明:番茄生长季各处理土壤呼吸速率峰值均出现在定植后的10～15 d和追肥后的5d,控释氮肥及减氮处理均降低了土壤呼吸速率峰值,且随着生育期的延长土壤呼吸速率峰值呈逐渐降低趋势.土壤碳累积排放量呈现为U＞CRU＞-20％ CRU＞-40％ CRU＞ CK,与U处理相比,CRU、-20％CRU和-40％CRU处理土壤碳累积排放量分别降低了21.88％、27.54％和31.51％.CRU和-20％ CRU处理较U处理产量分别提高了10.57％和8.14％.相关分析结果表明土壤湿度、铵态氮(NH+-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、pH与土壤呼吸速率存在极显著相关性,微生物量碳和氮、纤维二糖水解酶、β-1,4-木糖苷酶、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄和α-葡糖苷酶与土壤呼吸存在极显著或显著相关性. 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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