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地面覆盖对苹果树体生长和果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】揭示苹果树叶片光合参数、树体生长量和果实品质对不同覆盖物的差异性反应,为苹果园地面管理覆盖物的合理选择提供参考依据。【方法】以辽宁省果树科学研究所自主选育的‘望山红’/‘辽砧109’组合苹果树为试材,果园地面分别覆盖农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布,以清耕为对照,调查地面覆盖后土壤地温、土壤含水量、叶片光合参数、树体生长量、果实品质的差异。【结果】2016年、2017年农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布、淸耕(CK)土壤温度随土层深度增加而降低,土壤含水量随土层深度增加而升高。与清耕(CK)相比,园艺地布覆盖提高土壤温度,农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖降低土壤温度;农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖能提高土壤含水量。3种覆盖处理均能提高叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量。其中,农用地毯覆盖后叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量变异系数最小、稳定性优于其他处理,而碎木屑覆盖季节性差异明显、变异系数高、稳定性差。3种覆盖处理均能提高单叶质量、叶片厚度、树高、覆盖率、总枝量,影响枝类组成比例。其中,农用地毯覆盖后单叶质量、叶片厚度、覆盖率、总枝量、中枝、短枝比例等指标高于同期其他处理,而长枝比例低于其他处理。春季园艺地布覆盖后的新梢长度显著高于其他处理,而夏季农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖后的新梢生长速度快。农用地毯覆盖后果实单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比等指标最高,其次为碎木屑。农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖后显著提高果面红色着色程度,提高果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、莽草酸含量,降低苹果酸、柠檬酸含量。【结论】综合比较3种覆盖物对土壤温度、土壤含水量、植株叶片参数、树体生长量和果实品质的影响,作用效果从高到低分别为农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布。 相似文献
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为了弄清不同地面覆盖对桂林沙糖桔园土壤温湿度、土壤养分及果实品质的影响,2017年6月至2018年1月在荔浦县大塘镇万家兴果疏专业合作社4年生沙糖桔园,采用黑色地布与黑色塑料薄膜进行不同覆盖(地面全覆盖黑色地布,树盘行间1.5 m内和株间全部树盘覆盖黑色地布,树盘覆盖1.5 m×1.5 m黑色地布,树盘覆盖1.5 m×1.5 m黑色塑料薄膜)试验,以不覆盖为对照。结果表明,遇高温天气时,黑色地布覆盖均使树冠滴水线处土壤平均温度(0～25 cm深土层)升高,覆盖黑色塑料薄膜未对土壤温度产生显著影响;一般天气时,覆盖黑色地布和黑色塑料薄膜均未对土壤温度产生显著影响。地面覆盖后沙糖桔树冠滴水线处40 cm深处的土壤湿度均高于对照。不同地面覆盖对沙糖桔园土壤养分变化的影响不同,其中,黑色地布全园覆盖的土壤各营养元素流失较少。不同地面覆盖对沙糖桔果实内在品质有显著影响,但对果面色差无显著影响,其中,黑色地布全园覆盖可提高果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及维生素C含量。桂林沙糖桔园地面管理宜选黑色地布全园覆盖。 相似文献
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地布覆盖下不同垄型对欧李园土壤温湿度与果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以欧李园土壤为研究对象,设计了高垄种植欧李+地布覆盖(H)、沟作种植欧李+地布覆盖(D)、平作种植欧李+地布覆盖(F)处理,以沟作种植欧李(CK)作为对照,研究了生长季节内(5—9月)3种处理对土壤温度、湿度与果实品质的影响。结果表明:白昼20cm土壤温度随日照时间的延长,H、D处理高于CK,F处理低于CK,但增温幅度HCKDF;生长期间土壤温度先升高后降低,H、D、F处理在09:30前土壤温度均高于CK。生长季节内20cm土壤湿度先降低后升高,生长前期(5月15日前)D处理湿度较高,生长中期(7月13日前)H处理高于D、F和CK,但D、F处理低于CK,生长后期(7月31日后)3个处理均低于CK。3种处理下(H、D、F),果实平均可溶性固形物含量分别比CK提高了5.79%、11.09%和7.30%,平均酸含量分别比CK降低了23.65%、25.15%和15.75%,果实平均硬度分别较CK降低了15.86%、5.82%和2.58%,平均单果质量、平均果实含水量也较CK降低。3种地布覆盖方式均能对土壤起到保温、保湿的作用,在雨季具有降低土壤湿度的作用,可明显改善鲜食欧李的品质。 相似文献
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在红提葡萄上应用碧护,用8000倍液浸根,用8000倍液、10000倍液、20000倍液树上喷施,对提高栽植成活率、促进生长、提高坐果率、促进果粒膨大及提高果实可溶性固形物含量、抗冻解冻、增加产量均有明显效果。同时还有增强植株抗冻、抗高温干旱等作用。 相似文献
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复合覆盖对旱地苹果叶片矿质元素及果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以15年生"富士"苹果为试材,通过覆盖地布、地布覆盖+保水剂和地布覆盖+埋枝条的方式,研究了旱地条件下复合覆盖措施对苹果叶片矿质元素含量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:3种覆盖方式能不同程度提高叶片矿质元素含量,增加果实单果质量和可溶性固形物含量,以及果皮穿刺强度和果肉平均坚实度。地布覆盖+保水剂处理叶片N和B含量最高,地布覆盖+埋枝条处理叶片K、Mg、Cu、Fe和Zn等元素含量最高。地布覆盖果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、果皮穿刺强度和果肉平均坚实度均低于地布覆盖+保水剂和地布覆盖+埋枝条处理。说明干旱条件下,地布覆盖+保水剂/埋枝条可以增加叶片的矿质元素含量,提高苹果的果实品质。 相似文献
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遮光处理对盆栽桂花幼苗生长、水分、光合作用及微环境的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
以丹桂幼苗为试材,探讨不同遮光处理对挂花幼苗生长、水分、光合作用以及微环境的影响.结果表明:绿纱单层网处理的幼苗生长量最大,秆径最粗;幼苗叶片组织水和自由水的含量,各类光合色素含量均为黑色＞绿双＞绿单＞对照;单层绿纱网处理叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率在遮光的条件下最高,而在自然光照下黑色遮阳网处理最高.随着各处理叶片的光照强度的减弱,幼苗周围空气温度和土壤温度降低,而CO2含量、空气中的温度以及土壤含水量升高. 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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