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葡萄砧木的抗旱性鉴定与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用盆栽方法,对16个葡萄砧木品种(系)资源进行了抗旱性鉴定,并研究了干旱胁迫下葡萄砧木的生理变化规律,探讨了葡萄砧木的抗旱性机制,初步评价了抗旱性鉴定的指标和方法。结果表明:葡萄砧木品种(系)间抗旱性存在差异,16个砧木品种(系)被划分为4个抗旱等级;随着干旱胁迫时间延长,葡萄砧木生理代谢减弱(脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素等),并且抗旱性强的砧木生理代谢水平普遍高于抗旱性弱的砧木;可以把叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、丙二醛作为鉴定抗旱性大小评价的主要指标。 相似文献
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葡萄砧木冬季抗抽干能力及抗旱性综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《果树学报》2020,(3)
【目的】筛选适合我国西北干旱、半干旱地区栽培,且抗抽干和抗旱能力强的葡萄砧木。【方法】以3309C、161-490、196-17、420mgt、Riparia、1103P、110R、SO4、41bmgt、Rupestris du Lot 10个12年生葡萄砧木为试验材料,在冬季不进行埋土防寒条件下,通过调查各砧木萌芽率,评价不同品种抗抽干能力;生长期内对其进行干旱胁迫,测定7项生理指标,并利用隶属函数法综合评价砧木抗旱性。【结果】5种砧木未经埋土防寒,仍可萌芽,萌芽率依次为:3309C161-49196-17420mgtRiparia。隶属函数分析表明,抗旱性强的品种为3309C、196-17、1103P、Riparia,抗旱性中等的品种为161-490、420Mgt、110R,抗旱性弱的品种为SO4、41bmgt、Rupestris du Lot。【结论】3309C和196-17具有较强的抗抽干及抗旱性,可作为免埋土葡萄砧木使用,适合在我国西北干旱地区推广应用。 相似文献
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以22个葡萄砧木品种或杂种优株为试材,对1年生盆栽植株在不同干旱胁迫时间(0、6、12、18d)条件下的叶片相对含水量、电导率、脯氨酸、丙二醛及叶绿素含量等5项生理指标进行了测定,并利用隶属函数法综合评价了各砧木的抗旱性。结果表明:根据干旱胁迫第18天时各项指标的测定结果,按照平均隶属度的大小,将砧木材料分为3种抗旱类型:对照"燕山-1"和品种"抗砧3号"属于高抗类型;‘225Ru’‘110R’‘101-14’‘5C’"河岸-2"‘6-12-1’‘6-12-4’属于中抗类型;‘1103P’‘188-08’‘00-1-10’‘00-1-5’"贝达""狗脊"‘3309’‘5BB’‘1-1-6’‘6-12-6’‘SO4’"北醇"及对照"河岸葡萄(♀)"属于低抗类型。高抗品种"抗砧3号"和中抗品种‘225Ru’‘110R’‘101-14’‘5C’可用于干旱、半干旱地区葡萄生产,中抗杂种优株‘6-12-1’‘6-12-4’可用于进一步的抗逆性(如抗寒性、耐盐性等)筛选,为新品种选育奠定基础。 相似文献
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以5种砧木分别嫁接‘瑞都红玉’和‘瑞都香玉’葡萄为试验材料,以接穗自根苗为对照,比较不同砧穗组合的树体生长特性、品质特性和内源激素动态变化规律,为葡萄适宜砧穗组合的筛选提供理论基础和参考依据。结果表明（1）以SO4、5BB和110R为砧木的接穗品种生长量大于以3309M和1103P为砧木的,但是110R小脚现象严重。（2）以SO4和5BB为砧木提高了‘瑞都香玉’的果实成熟度,5种砧木均显著提高了‘瑞都红玉’的可滴定酸含量,降低了固酸比,提高了‘瑞都红玉’的口感酸甜平衡性。（3）新梢生长期和转色期是促生长类激素分泌的高峰期,以110R和SO4为砧木的组合叶片和新梢中激素含量水平较高,以5BB为砧木的组合新梢中含量较高,且其叶片和新梢的ZR/GA3在新梢生长期处于高水平。‘瑞都红玉’/SO4在新梢生长期的ABA含量最低,与其长势强相吻合。以SO4为砧木的组合ABA含量从转色期到果实成熟期不升反降,有利于新梢的二次生长。110R、SO4和5BB组合的ZR/GA3在新梢生长期和转色期高于3309M和1103P组合,ABA/ZR + IAA + GA3低于3309M和1103P组合。研究结果表明,冬葡萄和河岸葡萄的后代SO4和5BB砧木的嫁接亲和力强,其接穗在新梢生长期和转色期促生长类激素水平相对高,嫁接植株生长旺盛,果实品质优良。 相似文献
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不同苹果砧木组培苗抗旱性的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】为了提供苹果耐旱育种及栽培材料,【方法】以5种苹果砧木组培苗为试材,PEG-6000作为胁迫剂,模拟室外干旱进行处理,运用模糊隶属函数抗旱性综合分析,比较了5个苹果砧木组培苗的耐旱性。【结果】结果表明,在PEG-6000胁迫条件下,不同苹果砧木的叶绿素含量总体均呈下降趋势,叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量随PEG-6000胁迫质量分数的升高逐渐升高。在整个胁迫过程中,各苹果砧木组培苗叶片内蛋白质含量随胁迫质量分数的升高而增大。SOD活性随PEG-6000胁迫质量分数的升高呈先升高后下降趋势,且在20%PEG-6000胁迫条件下SOD活性达到了最大。POD活性随胁迫质量分数的升高呈现出逐渐升高的趋势。【结论】5种苹果砧木的抗旱性顺序依次为:新疆野苹果>平邑甜茶>八棱海棠>‘M26’>‘M9’。 相似文献
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为探讨干旱胁迫下不同砧木对酿酒葡萄‘Syrah’光合作用的影响,以‘Syrah’为试材,研究了干旱胁迫下嫁接苗(采用‘Beta’‘5BB’‘SO4’为砧木)和自根苗叶片叶绿素含量(叶绿素a,Chl a;叶绿素b,Chl b;叶绿素总量,Chl)、光合效率(净光合速率,Pn;气孔导度,Gs;蒸腾速率,Tr;水分利用效率,WUE)和PSⅡ光化学活性(PSⅡ最大光化学效率,Fv/Fm;光化学猝灭系数,qP)各项指标的动态变化。结果表明:1)干旱胁迫下,嫁接苗和自根苗的各项指标除WUE呈现先上升后下降,整体上升的趋势外,其它均呈下降趋势。说明干旱胁迫下,嫁接苗和自根苗光合效率和光合能力都有所降低;2)但与自根苗相比,嫁接苗中除Tr外其它指标均高于自根苗,尤其在干旱胁迫严重时,嫁接苗的Chl a、Chl b、Chl、Gs、Pn、WUE均显著高于自根苗,说明干旱胁迫下嫁接苗具有较高的光合效率和光合能力;3)3种嫁接苗中,又以‘Beta’为砧木的嫁接苗各项指标表现更为突出,优于‘5BB’和‘SO4’为砧木的嫁接苗,说明以‘Beta’为砧木的‘Syrah’嫁接苗在干旱胁迫下具有更高的光合效率和光合能力。因此,优先推荐‘Beta’作为抗旱节水酿酒葡萄‘Syrah’的理想砧木。 相似文献
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14个葡萄砧木品种抗寒性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国果树》2014,(1)
以140R、225Ru、1103P、SO4、5BB、101-14、420A、3309C、110R、华葡1号、34E.M、Lot、抗砧3号和贝达14个葡萄砧木品种1年生休眠枝条为试材,利用相对电导率法和组织褐变法评价了砧木的抗寒性。抗寒性综合评价结果表明,华葡1号、贝达抗寒性最强,420A、Lot抗寒性较强,SO4、140R、34E.M、3309C、1103P、抗砧3号抗寒性中等,5BB、110R、225Ru、101-14抗寒性差,可为葡萄生产上抗寒栽培提供参考。 相似文献
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一串红对水分胁迫的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以5个一串红品种(系)为试材,在水分胁迫,即干旱胁迫和水涝胁迫2种处理下的生理反应,测定一串红叶片相对含水量、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明:在干旱胁迫处理下,胁迫8 d后,一串红叶片伤害度、MDA含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量明显增加;可溶性蛋白含量呈平稳下降;叶片相对含水量在第11天后明显下降。在水涝胁迫处理下,一串红叶片相对含水量没有明显变化;水涝胁迫4 d后,叶片伤害度呈明显增加趋势;MDA含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量总体呈上升趋势;可溶性蛋白含量持续下降。一串红水分胁迫耐受临界点在干旱胁迫下8 d左右、水涝胁迫下4 d左右,在栽培过程中应注意掌握水分供给时间及防止持续水涝影响一串红正常生长。 相似文献
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《中国果树》2020,(5)
以4个葡萄砧木杂交组合的32个杂种优株及对照品种‘红地球’‘5BB’盆栽植株为试材,进行干旱胁迫处理,在干旱胁迫第0、8、16、28 d后,分别调查各植株叶片的旱害严重度,并测定叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、相对电导率、丙二醛及脯氨酸含量5项生理指标,综合评价其抗旱性。结果表明:随干旱胁迫时间的延长,各株系旱害等级增加,叶片相对含水量与叶绿素含量总体呈降低趋势,相对电导率升高,丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量增加;以旱害严重度作为主指标,参考5项生理指标的平均隶属函数值,将供试材料分为4种类型:HS-6、BBS-8、BBS-11、‘红地球’属于极抗旱类型,HS-1、HS-2、HS-3、HS-4、HS-8、HS-9、HS-12、TS-6、BBS-1、BBS-2、BBS-3、BBS-5、BBS-6、BBS-12、BBS-13、BBS-15属于强抗旱类型,HS-7、HS-10、HS-11、TS-1、BBS-4、BBS-10、‘5BB’属于中等抗旱类型,HS-5、TH-1、TH-2、TH-3、TS-3、BBS-7、BBS-9属于弱抗旱类型。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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