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1.
报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。 相似文献
2.
128种南药植物提取物对6种病原菌的生长抑制作用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)、香蕉枯萎病菌[(Fusarium oxysporum sp.cubense(E.F.Smith)Syn.et Han)]、香蕉炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum musae(Berk&Curt)Arx]、杧果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PenZ)、辣椒炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum capsici(syd.)Butl.]和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)6种病原菌为供试菌种,对47科128种南药植物的丙酮提取物进行室内抑菌活性试验。结果表明:有36种植物提取物对6种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在60%以上;22种植物提取物对至少4种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在80%以上;经方差分析,荜茇、艾纳香、白背叶、香茅、阴香、九里香、花椒、高良姜、益智、山柰、姜等11种植物提取物的抑菌效果与化学农药0.5mg/mL施保功的抑菌效果差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
LI Wen-tao 《水稻科学》2003,(2)
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［14］Monna L, Lin H X, Kojima S, Sasaki T, Yano M. Genetic disLI Wen-tao et al.: Analysis of Introgressed Segments in Near-isogenic Lines for F1 Pollen Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa)section of a genomic region for a quantitative trait locus, Hd3,into two loci, Hd3a and Hd3b, controlling heading date in rice.TheorAppl Genet, 2002, 104: 772-778.
［15］Yamamoto T, Lin H X, Sasaki T, Sasaki T, Yano M. Identification of heading date quantitative trait locus Hd6 and characterization of its epistatic interactions with Hd2 in rice using advanced backcross progeny. Genetics, 2000, 154: 885-891.
［16］Lin H X, Yamamoto T, Sasaki T, Sasaki T, Yano M. Characterization and detection of epistatic interactions of three QTLs,Hdl, Hd2 and Hd3, controlling heading date in rice using nearly isogenic lines. Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 101: 1021-1028.
［17］Yano M, Katayose Y, Ashikari M, Yamanouch U, Monna L,Fuse T, Baba T, Yamamoto K, Umehara Y, Nagamura Y,Sasaki T. Hdl, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS. Plant Cell, 2000, 12: 2473-2483.
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［22］Zhang G Q, Lu Y G, Liu G F, Yang J C, Zhang H. Genetic studies of the hybrid sterility in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa ).Ⅲ. Allele differentiation of F1 pollen sterility in different types of varieties. Acta Genet Sin, 1993, 20: 541- 551. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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［26］Zhang Z M, Zhang G Q. Fine mapping of the S-c locus and marker-assisted selection using PCR markers in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27 (6): 704- 709. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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［28］Tanksley S D, Nelson J C. Advanced backcross QTL analysis: a method for the simultaneous discovery and transfer of valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite breeding lines. Theor Appl Genet, 1996, 92: 191-203. 相似文献
4.
海南兰科植物研究杂记(Ⅲ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了兰科植物1个中国新记录：越南火炬兰[Grosourdya vietnamica (Aver.) Kumar & S.W.Gale],并修订了唇瓣背胼胝体形态的相关描述;同时报道了5个海南兰科植物新记录,分别为弄岗虾脊兰（Calanthe longgangensis Y.S.Huang & Y.Liu）、少叶硬叶兰（Cymbidium paucifolium Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen）、麻栗坡绒兰[Dendrolirium malipoense (Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen) H.Jiang]、垦丁虎舌兰（Epipogium kentingense T.P.Lin & ShuH.Wu）和勐海天麻（Gastrodia menghaiensis Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen）,其中垦丁虎舌兰原记录为台湾省特有。上述类群的发现不仅丰富了海南兰科植物的分类、分布的数据,也为今后的分类学修订提供新资料。 相似文献
5.
近年来,华南热带作物学院校园内的黄皮树叶片发生一种细菌性叶斑病。病斑近圆形,周围有黄晕,但不象柑桔溃疡病那样有火山口开裂。根据对病害的诊断,病原菌的致病性、寄主范围、细菌学性状和血清学反应的测定,该病原菌与柑桔溃疡病菌比较只有少数生化性状差异,即该病原菌不能利用醋酸盐和天门冬素作为唯一碳源,以及不能还原硝酸盐,而其它性状均相同。因此,可以确认该病原菌亦是柑桔黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.citri)。通过免疫电泳,发现该病菌有4种抗原蛋白质组分。 相似文献
6.
为给观赏植物病害的防治提供科学依据,根据病害症状和病原菌的形态特征以及有关文献的分类系统,鉴定了1998-2000年在广东调查的12种凤梨科观赏植物真菌病害,即围小丛壳[Glomerrellacinghlata(Stonem.)Spauld.etSchrenk]、辣椒刺盘孢[Colletotrichumcapsici(Syd.)Butl.etBisby]、水塔花星裂盘菌(PhacidiumbillergiaeL.ZengetP.K.Chi)、凤梨顶多毛孢菌(BartaliniaananassaL.Zeng,Z.D.JiangetP.K.Chi)、可可球二孢(BotryodiplodiatheobromaePat.)、钝头粘盘孢菌(ColletogloeumobtusumSutton)、油球拟茎点霉[Phomopsisdiplodinoides(Sacc.)Punith.]、筒凤梨拟茎点霉(PhomopsisspectabilisV.G.Rao&B.R.D.Yadav)引起的叶斑病,灰霉(BotrytiscinereaPers.)引起的花腐及分别由强雄腐霉(PythiumarrhenomanesDrechsler)、簇囊腐霉(PythiumtorulosumCoker&Patterson)和蕨柱帚霉(Cylindrocladiumpteridis Wolf)引起的根茎腐、叶基茎基腐和茎基腐。其中,星裂盘菌叶斑病、顶多毛孢叶斑病为凤梨科观赏植物的新病害;钝头粘盘孢菌、油球拟茎点霉为中国真菌新记录种。在温室生产中,以围小丛壳引起的叶炭疽病、筒凤梨拟茎点霉引起的叶斑病发生普遍而严重;根茎腐、叶基茎基腐和茎基腐在部分生产单位常引起死苗或死株 相似文献
7.
福建省4种兰科植物新记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了福建兰科植物分布新记录4种,分别为箭药叉柱兰（Cheirostylis monteiroi S. Y. Hu）、秉滔羊耳蒜（Cestichis pingtaoi G. D. Tang, X. Y. Zhuang & Z. J. Liu）、裂距虾脊兰（Calanthe trifida T. Tang et F. T. Wang）、深圳香荚兰（Vanilla shenzhenica Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen）。凭证标本现存于福建农林大学标本馆（FJFC）。 相似文献
8.
为了解我国甘蔗锈病病原菌发生以及优良甘蔗新品种(系)抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分布频率情况,以来自我国5省(区)81份疑似甘蔗锈病叶片样品为材料,分别用Pm1-F/Pm1-R和Pk1-F/Pk1-R引物对进行褐锈病菌(Puccinia melanocephala)与黄锈病菌(Puccinia kuehnii)分子鉴定。结果表明,锈病病原菌检出率为40.7%,除了福建省福州市叶片样品仅检测到P.melanocephala外,其他省(区)的叶片样品均检测到2种锈病病原菌,且存在混合侵染现象。对24份黄锈病菌阳性PCR产物(527 bp)克隆并测序,结果发现P.kuehnii间隔区1(ITS1)第183个核苷酸存在单核苷酸多态性(SNP),其中,A碱基(183A)、G碱基(183G)位点的病菌分离物分别占29.2%和25.0%,2种碱基(183A/G)位点的混合病菌分离物有45.8%。通过R12H16与9020-F4/Rsa I两种分子标记对40份甘蔗新品种(系)抗褐锈病基因Bru1进行分子检测,结果表明,42.5%参试新品种(系)含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,这些材料可作为甘蔗抗褐锈病新品种加以推广应用。 相似文献
9.
花生褐斑病菌(Cercospora arachidicola Hori)在花生秆汁培养基上的产孢量优于前人推荐的3种培养基。培养过程中,不同光照处理对病菌产孢不敏感;不同温度处理产孢量有显著差异。 相似文献
10.
海南香蕉褐缘灰斑病原菌的核酸分析鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用种的特异性引物,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,对11个海南香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,11个菌株中,来自海南儋州、乐东、文昌、东方、澄迈、临高、琼海、昌江、琼山、三亚的10个菌株为Mycosphaerella fijiensis,而白沙菌株既不是M.fijiensis,也不是M.musicola,其Mycosphaerella种的分类地位有待进一步研究。采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,将这些菌株区别为2类,支持PCR鉴定结果。本研究的鉴定结果对指导海南综合治理香蕉褐缘灰斑病的的实践有参考作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献