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西花蓟马寄主选择性与寄主物理性状及次生物质的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确西花蓟马对6种蔬菜寄主(甘蓝、莴苣、黄瓜、茄子、芹菜和大蒜)的选择性,及其与寄主物理性状(颜色、叶毛数和叶片厚度)和次生物质(单宁酸、黄酮和总酚)的关系,采用非自由选择法,以每雌每天所孵化的子代若虫数为选择性指标,探讨其与寄主叶毛数、叶片厚度和次生物质的关系;采用叶碟法观察西花蓟马成虫对颜色的自由选择。以每雌每天所孵化的子代若虫数为选择性指标表明,西花蓟马对6种寄主的选择性,从大到小依次为甘蓝>莴苣>黄瓜=茄子>芹菜=大蒜,而西花蓟马对叶片颜色的选择趋性为甘蓝>莴苣>芹菜>黄瓜>大蒜>茄子。相关分析表明,西花蓟马的选择性与寄主的叶毛数(R=-0.073,p=0.890)、叶片厚度(R=-0.683,p=0.135)和总酚含量(R=-0.023,p=0.966)不存在显著相关关系,与寄主的单宁酸和黄酮的含量存在显著的负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.828(p=0.042)和-0.820(p=0.046)。单宁酸和黄酮的含量对西花蓟马的寄主选择性有很大的影响,其含量越高越不利于西花蓟马的寄主选择。 相似文献
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不同寄主植物对西花蓟马生长发育、存活率及繁殖力的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西花蓟马是近年来入侵我国的世界性害虫。通过对其取食不同寄主植物后各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力影响的研究结果表明,在不同寄主植物上饲养西花蓟马,其发育历期长短顺序为辣椒＞四季豆＞茼蒿。寄主植物的不同部位对西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力的影响均存在显著差异(P＜0.05),与取食果实和叶片相比,西花蓟马取食花朵时生长发育速度、存活率及繁殖力明显提高。茼蒿花朵是西花蓟马最嗜好的寄主,用其饲养的西花蓟马成虫产卵期长、平均产卵量高;西花蓟马的未成熟期在茼蒿花朵上最短,为11.07 d,而在辣椒叶片上长达14.78 d。 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种分布广、危害大的世界性检疫害虫。本研究旨在探讨田间常见5种寄主植物上的西花蓟马种群的寄主专化性和遗传多样性。以采自甘肃、宁夏的辣椒、茄子、蜀葵、月季、美人蕉等5种寄主植物上的西花蓟马为对象,以线粒体COⅠ和COⅡ基因为靶标,应用Arlequin 3.5软件进行种群遗传多样性、遗传分化、基因流水平及分子变异分析,以MEGA 7.0和Network 5.0软件分别构建单倍型系统发育树和中接网状树。结果显示,当以mtDNACOⅠ和COⅡ基因为靶标时,分别检测到13种和12种单倍型,其中单倍型H_1和H_2为优势单倍型;辣椒和茄子上的单倍型数量只有3种(COⅠ基因)或2种(COⅡ基因),而蜀葵、月季和美人蕉上的单倍型数量比较多,为7~9种(COⅠ基因)或8~9种(COⅡ基因);辣椒和茄子上的种群单倍型种类、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性和核苷酸平均差异数等均较蜀葵、月季和美人蕉上的种群低。COⅠ和COⅡ基因总寄主种群Fu's Fs检验结果分别为2.36和4.06,种群大小整体保持稳定;总寄主种群固定指数FST和基因流Nm分析表明,西花蓟马各寄主植物种群之间基因交流充分,尚未发生明显的遗传分化;AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自种群内部;基于COⅠ和COⅡ基因序列的单倍型聚类和网状树都明显分为两支,分别对应西花蓟马的温室品系Glasshouse strain和羽扇豆品系Lupin strain;其中温室品系在所有寄主植物种群中均有发生,而羽扇豆品系的单倍型主要来自多年生的蜀葵、月季和美人蕉等植物,在辣椒和茄子上并无羽扇豆品系发生。研究结果对西花蓟马种群扩张机制探讨、遗传动态分析以及有效防控措施的制定具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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寄主植物对烟粉虱实验种群的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文探讨了不同寄主植物对烟粉虱种群暴发的影响,在28℃恒温下,组建了烟粉虱在甘蓝、番茄、茄子、烟草、黄瓜、辣椒、西葫芦、青菜等8种不同寄主植物上的实验种群生命表.结果表明:烟粉虱对寄主有较强的选择性.烟粉虱在黄瓜、番茄上的产卵量最大，平均每头雌虫分别达382头和246头。各寄主植物上烟粉虱种群内禀增长率在0.2433～0.3790之间，取食番茄的内禀增长率rm最大，达0.3790，不同寄主植物上烟粉虱内禀增长率大小依次为番茄＞甘蓝＞黄瓜＞西葫芦＞茄子＞烟草＞辣椒＞青菜。保护地蔬菜面积扩大是烟粉虱种群暴发的重要原因之一. 相似文献
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寄主植物对二斑叶螨解毒酶活性的诱导作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]明确不同蔬菜寄主对二斑叶螨解毒酶活性的诱导影响,为叶螨的寄主适应性及叶螨对寄主的抗性机制研究提供基础.[方法]将饲养在菜豆上的二斑叶螨分别转移到黄瓜、甘蓝和茄子上饲养3代后,测定包括菜豆在内的4种不同寄主植物对叶螨体内解毒酶系活性的诱导影响.[结果]取食不同寄主植物的二斑叶螨体内解毒酶系活性差异显著.从菜豆寄主转养到黄瓜、甘蓝和茄子上后,后3个寄主上叶螨种群体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性显著下降,茄子上种群活性最低,菜豆种群是茄子种群的2.75倍;而后3个寄主种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)比活力显著上升,茄子种群最高,是菜豆种群的6.03倍.4种供试寄主植物的二斑叶螨种群中,在黄瓜寄主上羧酸酯酶(CarE)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)活性显著高于其他3种寄主植物,CarE活性的高低顺序为黄瓜＞菜豆和甘蓝＞茄子,而MFO活性为黄瓜＞茄子和菜豆＞甘蓝.[结论]取食不同寄主植物可诱导二斑叶螨体内的解毒酶系活性发生不同程度的变异,这可能是二斑叶螨对寄主具有广泛适应性的生理基础之一. 相似文献
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西花蓟马对不同花卉寄主的产卵选择性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨不同寄主对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis产卵的影响,采用非自由选择法研究了其对黄花美人蕉、黄花槐、凤尾兰及夹竹桃4种寄主的产卵选择性。结果表明,西花蓟马单雌总产卵量在黄花美人蕉的花上最大为77.65,凤尾兰的叶上最小为19.00;日均产卵量在黄花槐的花上最大为2.58,凤尾兰的叶上最小为0.91;净生殖率、内禀增长率和子代雌性比均在黄花美人蕉的花上最大,分别为46.07、0.136和0.74,在凤尾兰的叶上最小,分别为5.94、0.065和0.55。西花蓟马在花上的产卵量等参数显著高于叶,表明其对花的产卵选择性高于叶,对花的产卵选择性依次为黄花美人蕉黄花槐凤尾兰夹竹桃,对叶的产卵选择性为黄花美人蕉≈黄花槐夹竹桃凤尾兰。表明西花蓟马对不同寄主有不同的产卵偏好,对寄主不同部位也有不同偏好。 相似文献
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为明确不同外源因子对菜豆的诱导抗性及对西花蓟马的影响, 研究了茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害、机械损伤诱导处理的菜豆对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态的影响。结果表明外源茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害处理菜豆植株显著延长了西花蓟马未成熟期的发育时间, 较健康植株分别延长4.72、2.87和4.95 d, 也造成西花蓟马的存活率不同程度的下降。西花蓟马在机械损伤处理和健康植株发育时间差异不显著。不同处理均使西花蓟马种群数量明显下降, 并且茉莉酸的抑制作用最明显。因此, 外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导的菜豆可对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态产生不同程度的影响, 且茉莉酸的诱导抗性要优于水杨酸甲酯。本结果对探索西花蓟马的防治新策略有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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《植物检疫》2019,(5)
西花蓟马是危害蔬菜、花卉等植物的世界性入侵害虫,本文研究了西花蓟马入侵后银川设施辣椒上的蓟马种群动态,为深入了解西花蓟马和花蓟马的种群竞争关系及其发生态势提供依据。本研究通过大量采集银川设施辣椒蓟马、制作玻片标本进行显微镜观察鉴定,以及通过室内西花蓟马与花蓟马两个种群混合饲养和单种群饲养研究,明确了银川设施辣椒上西花蓟马和花蓟马的发生分布情况、种群竞争及发生趋势。结果表明:银川设施辣椒上西花蓟马种群数量明显占优势,占总量的73.62%,极显著多于花蓟马种群数量;两种群单独生存并经过一个世代,两种群的虫口数量和雌性比均无显著差异;两个种群混合饲养条件下,西花蓟马种群虫口数量和雌性比均略高于花蓟马。分析表明,共存时西花蓟马具有较强的竞争能力,对银川设施辣椒本土蓟马种群造成较大威胁,为做好该虫的预测预报及有效控制奠定基础。 相似文献
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Tomato spotted wilt virus Infection Improves Host Suitability for Its Vector Frankliniella occidentalis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT The effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. Significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on noninfected pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in different preference tests. In addition, more offspring were produced on the virus-infected pepper plants, and this effect also was found for TSWV-infected Datura stramonium. Thrips behavior was minimally influenced by TSWV-infection of host plants with only a slight preference for feeding on infected plants. Offspring development was positively affected since larvae hatched earlier from eggs and subsequently pupated faster on TSWV-infected plants. These results show a mutualistic relationship between F. occidentalis and TSWV. 相似文献
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Tospoviruses infecting vegetable crops in Israel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Symptoms of vein clearing, stem necrosis, curling, necrotic spots and rings on the leaves associated with infection by tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) were documented among vegetable crops growing in commercial glasshouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting symptoms were collected, from 1994-01 to 1998-12. Among cultivated vegetable crops analysed for TSWV by ELISA, the following plants were found to be infected: tomato, capsicum, aubergine, lettuce, cabbage and cucumber. These incidences of the virus were all correlated with the occurrence in high population of Frankliniella occidentalis. Transmission of the virus from infected Datura stramonium to Petunia leaf discs, by F. occidentalis , was up to 26%. TSWV antigens were readily detected by ELISA in seeds harvested from naturally infected vegetable crops. However, we failed to show virus transmission to the progeny plants. Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV) was detected in onion. High incidence of the disease was associated with large populations of Thrips tabaci. 相似文献
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The effectiveness of trap cropping as an integrated control strategy against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was explored in potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev), greenhouse crops. The efficacy of flowering chrysanthemum trap plants, either treated with the insecticide spinosad or untreated, to regulate F. occidentalis populations was tested at different spatial scales (small cage, large cage and commercial greenhouse) and for different time periods (1 or 4 weeks). It was demonstrated that flowering chrysanthemums as trap plants lower the number of adult F. occidentalis in a vegetative chrysanthemum crop and, as a result, reduce crop damage. In the 4 week large-cage trial and the commercial trial, significant differences between the control and the trap plant treatments started to appear in the third week of the experiment. Larvae were only significantly reduced by the presence of trap plants in the 1 week small-cage trials. There were no significant differences between treatments with spinosad-treated and untreated trap plants in the number of F. occidentalis on the crop. This suggests that there was minimal movement of adult F. occidentalis back and forth between the trap plants and the crop to feed and oviposit. It is concluded that the trap plant strategy is a useful tool for integrated pest management against F. occidentalis in greenhouses. 相似文献
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两种猎物饲养对东亚小花蝽捕食作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了用两种猎物（豆蚜Aphis craccivora、西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis）饲养后的东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri成虫对单一猎物的捕食作用及对混合猎物的选择性。结果表明：用不同猎物饲养后的东亚小花蝽成虫对单一猎物的捕食量都随着猎物密度的增加而增大。东亚小花蝽对饲料的选择性研究发现：猎物密度设置为5、10、15、20、25、30头.皿-1,用西花蓟马饲养3代的东亚小花蝽对西花蓟马和豆蚜的捕食量分别是4.80、8.80、11.40、16.00、20.20、20.60头和3.00、4.60、6.40、10.20、15.80、16.20头,两者之间存在显著性差异,倾向于选择西花蓟马;用豆蚜饲养3代的东亚小花蝽对西花蓟马和豆蚜的捕食量分别是4.00、5.80、8.00、11.80、14.80、16.20头和4.80、6.80、12.00、15.20、18.80、19.20头,两者之间存在显著性差异,倾向于选择豆蚜。本结果说明东亚小花蝽对长期取食的猎物已产生了适应性。 相似文献
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J. RAUTAPÄÄ 《EPPO Bulletin》1992,22(3):545-550
Western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) invaded Finland in 1987/1988. In the following year, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was identified in vegetable and ornamental crops. An eradication campaign was initiated in autumn 1987. Growers were ordered to take measures against F. occidentalis and TSWV and were advised how to avoid these new pests; the import regulations were amended to intensify pre-export and pre-entry control; a research programme was started to develop biological control of F. occidentalis. At present, F. occidentalis occurs only sporadically in a few places and is not a problem for the growers. TSWV has not been identified since 1989. Eradication measures cost the government FIM 1.6 million in 1987/1990. The financial cost of eradication to the industry has been impossible to assess. It has been calculated that 'living with' F. occidentalis and TSWV cost at least FIM 35 million over a period of 4 years. The cost/benefit ratio is thus about 1:20. The eradication campaign has therefore been highly profitable. 相似文献
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Thirty-nine field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in Murcia (south-east Spain). All populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. Female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanate. Methiocarb was the only insecticide that showed a high efficacy against F occidentalis at field dose rates. Acrinathrin and methamidophos were moderately effective, while endosulfan and deltamethrin were ineffective. Only moderate levels of resistance (Resistance Ratios at LC50 of 10-30) were detected for the selective insecticides methiocarb, formetanate and acrinathrin used against F occidentalis in crops where these insecticides are used intensively. This generalized and low level of resistance to these insecticides, coupled with a lack of efficacy for the three broad-spectrum insecticides, was observed even in intensively managed vegetable crops. Implementation of IPM strategies in Murcia has contributed to more successful insecticide anti-resistance management. 相似文献
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采用Munger cell法,就室内测定多杀菌素对西花蓟马 Frankliniella occidentalis 生物活性实验中需要控制的温度、相对湿度、滴水量、光周期、光照度和叶片6个环境条件对测定结果的影响进行了研究。发现:在25 ~30 ℃、相对湿度50% ~70%、光周期(L:D)为16 h:8 h~24 h:0 h、光照度6 500~13 000 lx这一测定条件范围内,采用月季、西葫芦、萝卜、芸豆、苹果、芹菜、菠菜叶片进行生物测定时结果较稳定;叶片纤毛数量与多杀菌素对西花蓟马的LC50值成负相关,相关系数为0.919;叶片纤毛的长度则与测定结果无相关性。 相似文献