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为了解广西贺州市家畜布鲁氏菌病（简称“布病”）流行情况,2019—2022年对部分猪、牛、羊规模场开展布病血清学监测,并对阳性场开展流行病学调查。结果显示：猪场群布病阳性率为0,牛为1.00%(2/200),羊为3.86%(17/440);猪个体阳性率为0,牛为0.03%(8/24 030),羊为0.88%(156/17 732)。2019—2021年未见牛布病阳性,2022年检出牛布病阳性,呈低流行率;羊布病阳性在2021年出现一次小高峰,2022年有所降低。羊只买卖、交换种公羊和混饲是导致布病阳性的主要因素。未整群扑杀阳性场的一次复阳率为33.33%,二次复阳率达50.00%。结果表明：贺州市家畜布病以牛羊感染为主,猪群布病流行风险较低,未整群扑杀场群存在复阳风险。建议积极推进牛羊布病净化场建设,坚持监测和阳性场整群扑杀的防控策略,强化流通检疫监管和生物安全管理,防控布病发生及蔓延。 相似文献
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猪场生物安全一直是养猪产业的一个热门话题，尤其是在2018年暴发非洲猪瘟疫情后，生物安全防控显得尤为重要，在当前疫情常态化的背景下，生物安全是猪场养殖环节中的重中之重。而猪场生物安全的防控是由多个环节紧密衔接的，不仅需要加强场内消毒，场内到场外都存在生物安全防控中的不稳定因素，都需要猪场工作人员严加管控，如选址、生产相关人与车管理、猪场内部生物安全体系建设、生产防控记录等，以此提高猪场效益。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病（布病）是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病,该病对畜牧业和人类健康均构成严重威胁,使用疫苗免疫是防控布病的重要措施之一。光滑型牛种布鲁氏菌19（S19）活疫苗是世界上第一个被广泛应用且效果良好的布病疫苗,至今为止仍是使用最广泛的疫苗之一。本文主要从应用情况及目前研究进展两大方面对S19疫苗进行概述,以期为日后使用该疫苗预防布鲁氏菌病提供借鉴及为疫苗研究提供思路。 相似文献
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鸡传染性喉气管炎（Infectious Laryngotracheitis,ILT）是由喉气管炎病毒（Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus,ILTV）引起的鸡的一种病毒性呼吸道传染病。ILT是一种较为严重的禽病毒病；根据ILT的临床表现分为急性型和温和型，急性型发病率和死亡率均较高，温和型死亡率低但在养殖密集地区感染逐渐增多。ILT可引起家禽死亡和蛋鸡产蛋率下降，给养禽业带来严重的经济损失。目前，通过使用疫苗接种和生物安全相结合的综合防控措施，在集约化养禽地区ILT已得到较好的控制。该文对多个国家已商品化的ILT减毒活疫苗和重组病毒载体活疫苗，以及正在研发中的ILT重组病毒载体活疫苗、基因缺失活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗等新型ILT疫苗进行综述，以期为更好地防控ILT提供理论参考。 相似文献
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2022年1—3月,烟台市报告19例人间布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）病例,给全市布病防控与净化带来了极大挑战。为了解烟台市畜间布病流行现状及饲养管理状况,采用问卷调查方式,对养殖场（户）的牛羊引入购进、生物安全措施、饲养管理及意识行为等进行调研。同时,采集牛羊血清,用虎红平板凝集试验进行初筛,竞争酶联免疫吸附试验进行确诊。本次问卷调查共回收有效问卷166份。结果显示,99.40%（165/166）受访户牛羊购自省内,75.30%受访户购买牛羊有检疫证明,56.02%受访户购买动物销售方能够提供布病检测报告。73.49%养殖场（户）具备消毒设施,并能定期消毒。78.92%受访户了解布病,6.02%受访户有喝生牛羊奶习惯,8.43%受访户自己屠宰牛羊。经布病抗体检测,牛群体阳性率为2.50%,个体阳性率为0.20%,羊群体阳性率为2.50%,个体阳性率为0.30%。本次调研掌握了烟台市牛羊调运监管、饲养管理、意识行为及畜间布病感染情况,为防范布病散播风险指明了方向,为布病防控及非免疫净化区建设提供了支撑。 相似文献
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为了解近年来湖南省长沙市羊布鲁氏菌病（以下简称布病）流行情况,2018—2022年采用血清检测、现场调查、“知信行”问卷调查等方法,对全市羊养殖场户及交易市场开展了流行病学调查。结果显示:近5年长沙市羊布病平均群体阳性率和个体阳性率分别为0.42%和0.30%;布病主要传播风险因素是违规调运引进病羊和引入后不隔离饲养立即混群;被调查场户对布病知晓率较高（85.71%）,且日常工作中非常注重对布病的自身防护。结果表明:长沙市羊布病流行率较低,防控效果较好,部分县（市、区）已达到稳定控制标准,但布病病原已定殖,部分场户仍有传播布病的高危行为,疫情零星散发风险及对公共卫生的威胁依然存在。应进一步加强羊只调运的检疫监管,强化宣传教育,提高从业人员的布病防控意识,持续推进布病净化,逐步消灭布病,守护人民群众生命和财产安全。 相似文献
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本文通过对S2株布鲁氏菌活疫苗免疫效果实验及防控建议进行了阐述,发现采用正常剂量和加强剂量免疫羊血清抗体的阳转率明显低于加倍剂量免疫羊的血清抗体的阳转率。为此在免疫的过程中要严格按照S2株布鲁氏菌活疫苗说明书进行操作,确保免疫结果达到国家要求标准,在布病防控中,各部门加强合作,坚持以人为本,加强个人防护,对患病人员积极治疗,最大限度的减轻农牧民的经济负担。 相似文献
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Barbosa Adriana Agostini Figueiredo Ana Cristina Silva Palhao Miller Pereira Viana Joao Henrique Moreira Fernandes Carlos Antonio Carvalho 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1779-1781
Brucellosis is an infectious and contagious disease that profoundly impacts public health. However, in many countries, disease prevention is restricted to the vaccination of calves, and there is no prophylactic strategy for pregnant heifers and cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the rough strain vaccine against brucellosis in pregnant cattle. Crossbred cows (N = 96) at three gestational periods (early, mid, or late pregnancy) were randomly allocated into the vaccine treatment group or to the control group. We then compared the percentage of pregnancies reaching full term, live calves 60 days after delivery, and seropositive calves. There was no effect of vaccination in any of the gestational periods on the evaluation endpoints. In conclusion, vaccination against brucellosis with the rough strain is safe for pregnant cattle at all gestational periods.
相似文献12.
Brucellosis vaccines: past,present and future 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
The first effective Brucella vaccine was based on live Brucella abortus strain 19, a laboratory-derived strain attenuated by an unknown process during subculture. This induces reasonable protection against B. abortus, but at the expense of persistent serological responses. A similar problem occurs with the B. melitensis Rev.1 strain that is still the most effective vaccine against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Vaccines based on killed cells of virulent strains administered with adjuvant induced significant protection but also unacceptable levels of antibodies interfering with diagnostic tests. Attempts were made to circumvent this problem by using a live rough strain B. abortus 45/20, but this reverted to virulence in vivo. Use of killed cells of this strain in adjuvant met with moderate success but batch to batch variation in reactogenicity and agglutinogenicity limited application. This problem has been overcome by the development of the rifampicin-resistant mutant B. abortus RB51 strain. This strain has proved safe and effective in the field against bovine brucellosis and exhibits negligible interference with diagnostic serology. Attempts are being made to develop defined rough mutant vaccine strains that would be more effective against B. melitensis and B. suis. Various studies have examined cell-free native and recombinant proteins as candidate protective antigens, with or without adjuvants. Limited success has been obtained with these or with DNA vaccines encoding known protective antigens in experimental models and further work is indicated. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟（ASF）目前是生猪产业最重要的猪病。因为非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）本身的复杂性,以及和宿主相互作用的复杂性导致ASF已经被报道一百年了,还没有商业化疫苗。理想的ASF疫苗不仅要有好的免疫保护性,更重要的是其安全性,同时如果能区分野毒感染和疫苗接种,能在适合的高质量GMP车间进行稳定低价的生产,能用于不同物种就更好了。ASF灭活疫苗研制这条道路似乎不通;亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗的免疫保护能力不足;主要包含自然缺失、传代致弱、基因工程缺失的减毒活疫苗在免疫保护方面体现了非常大的优势,但是其潜在的持续感染风险,会造成猪只的副作用,包括皮肤溃烂、关节炎,导致神经系统、呼吸系统的损伤等问题非常值得警惕。复制缺陷单周期病毒能有效地解决减毒活疫苗的安全性问题,似乎是一个值得尝试的ASF疫苗研制方向,尽管存在难以确定缺失复制相关的基因,以及难以构建能高效表达缺失基因编码蛋白,且能让单周期病毒稳定大量生产的辅助细胞系。我国针对ASFV强毒的精准剔除策略,未注册非法弱毒苗造成临床严重损失,以及一些不使用疫苗但成功从国家层面净化ASF的案例,让我们认识到针对ASF基础研究的重要性。同时至少目前阶段,ASF的防控不一定要借助疫苗,更多的要做好生物安全管控和区域ASF净化。尽管ASF疫苗研制困难重重,但针对ASF理想型疫苗的研制也应该持续进行下去,未来可能作为ASF防控的一个突破点。 相似文献
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Naveen Surendran Elizabeth M. Hiltbold Bettina Heid Nammalwar Sriranganathan Stephen M. Boyle Kurt L. Zimmerman Melissa R. Makris Sharon. G. Witonsky 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):75-82
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultative intracellular pathogens. B. abortus strain 2308 is a pathogenic strain affecting cattle and humans. Rough B. abortus strain RB51, which lacks the O-side chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the live attenuated USDA approved vaccine for cattle in the United States. Strain RB51SOD, which overexpresses Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), has been shown to confer better protection than strain RB51 in a murine model. Protection against brucellosis is mediated by a strong CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 adaptive immune response. In order to stimulate a robust adaptive response, a solid innate immune response, including that mediated by dendritic cells, is essential. As dendritic cells (DCs) are highly susceptible to Brucella infection, it is possible that pathogenic strains could limit the innate and thereby adaptive immune response. By contrast, vaccine strains could limit or bolster the innate and subsequent adaptive immune response. Identifying how Brucella vaccines stimulate innate and adaptive immunity is critical for enhancing vaccine efficacy. The ability of rough vaccine strains RB51 and RB51SOD to stimulate DC function has not been characterized. We report that live rough vaccine strain RB51 induced significantly better (p ≤ 0.05) DC maturation and function compared to either strain RB51SOD or smooth virulent strain 2308, based on costimulatory marker expression and cytokine production. 相似文献
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Edmonds MD Samartino LE Hoyt PG Hagius SD Walker JV Enright FM Schurig GG Elzer P 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(8):1328-1331
OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel oral vaccine delivery system for swine, using the rough vaccine strain of Brucella abortus. ANIMALS: 56 crossbred pigs from a brucellosis-free facility. PROCEDURE: In 3 separate experiments, pigs were orally vaccinated with doses of 1 x 10(9) to > 1 x 10(11) CFU of strain RB51 vaccine. The vaccine was placed directly on the normal corn ration, placed inside a whole pecan, or mixed with cracked pecans and corn. RESULTS: Oral vaccination of pigs with vaccine strain RB51 resulted in a humoral immune response to strain RB51 and short-term colonization of the regional lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A viscous liquid such as Karo corn syrup in association with pecans that scarify the oral mucosa are necessary when placing the live vaccine directly onto corn or other food rations. Doses of > 1 x 10(11) CFU of RB51 organisms/pig in this mixture ensures 100% colonization of regional lymph nodes via the oral route. This method may allow an efficient and economical means to vaccinate feral swine for brucellosis. 相似文献
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Brucellosis is an important disease among livestock and people in sub-Saharan Africa. In general, the incidence is the highest in pastoral production systems and decreases as herd size and size of landholding decreases. The prevalence of risk factors for infections are best understood for bovine brucellosis and to a lesser extent for ovine and caprine brucellosis. The occurrence and epidemiology of brucellosis in pigs is poorly understood. This species bias is also reflected in control activities. As with other public-sector animal health services, the surveillance and control of brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa is rarely implemented outside southern Africa. Brucellosis is even more ignored in humans and most cases go undiagnosed and untreated, leading to considerable suffering for those affected. Decision-making to determine the importance of brucellosis control relative to other public concerns and what brucellosis control strategies should be applied is urgently required. A strategy for how brucellosis decision-making might be considered and applied in future is outlined. 相似文献
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Response of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 in West Timor
A trial was conducted in two villages (one containing cattle infected with brucellosis and one not containing infected cattle) in Timor, Indonesia to determine the serological response to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) (n = 599). Mature female cattle were immunised with low-dose strain 19 (2x10(8)-6x10(8) colony forming units) and calves (6-12 months) with high-dose strain 19 (4x10(10)-12x10(10) colony forming units). Other mature females and calves were inoculated with sterile vaccine diluent and formed a non-vaccinated in-contact control group. The seroprevalence and mean titres were highest in the vaccinated cattle 3 months after vaccination. These then receded, however, 1% of vaccinated calves and 1.9% of vaccinated cows from the village without infected cattle were still seropositive on the complement-fixation test (CFT) 24 months after vaccination. Non-vaccinated seropositive animals were more likely to have aborted or had a stillbirth and were less likely to have produced a calf than were seronegative cows from the village containing infected animals. We concluded that strain 19 vaccine induced protection in Bali cattle and that this vaccine might play an important role in the control of bovine brucellosis in Timor. 相似文献
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通过构建标记疫苗株来解决流产布氏杆菌(B.abortus)鉴别诊断方面的缺陷,本研究以bp26基因作为重组靶住点,S19为亲本,利用bp26基因ORF外侧序列作为同源重组序列,卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)为抗性筛选标记,通过双交叉重组筛选获得bp26基因缺失突变的重组S19株,命名为S19-△26.小鼠感染结果表明,突变株S19-△26的残留毒力与亲本株S19相比较没有发生明显改变,康复时间约为15周,突变株S19-△26、亲本株S19和B.abortus强毒株S544接种小鼠后的第3周能检测出"O"抗原的特异性抗体,而第6周开始S19和S544接种小鼠BP26特异性抗体明显升高,S19-△26接种的小鼠一直没检测到BP26特异性抗体.小鼠免疫保护试验显示,脾脏分离CFU数比空白对照要低310g10,S544攻击后脾脏细菌分离数表明突变株具有与亲本疫苗株免疫保护性无明显差异.结果表明,S19-△26免疫能够通过血清学方法与野生型B.abortus感染后的免疫反应相区别,具备作为标记疫苗的潜力. 相似文献
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Vemulapalli R Sanakkayala N Gulani J Schurig GG Boyle SM Lindsay DS Sriranganathan N 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(3-4):219-230
Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of bovine neosporosis, an important disease affecting the reproductive performance of cattle worldwide. Currently there is no effective vaccine available to prevent N. caninum infection in cattle. In this study, we examined the feasibility of developing a live, recombinant N. caninum vaccine using Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 as the expression and delivery vector. We generated two recombinant RB51 strains each expressing SRS2 (RB51/SRS2) or GRA7 (RB51/GRA7) antigens of N. caninum. BALB/c mice immunized by single intraperitoneal inoculation of the recombinant RB51 strains developed IgG antibodies specific to the respective N. caninum antigen. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice with specific antigen resulted in the production of interferon-gamma, but not IL-5 or IL-10, suggesting the development of a Th1 type immune response. Upon challenge with N. caninum tachyzoites, mice vaccinated with strain RB51/SRS2, but not RB51/GRA7, showed significant resistance to cerebral infection when compared to the RB51 vaccinated mice, as determined by the tissue parasite load using a real-time quantitative TaqMan assay. Interestingly, mice vaccinated with either strain RB51 or RB51/GRA7 also contained significantly lower parasite burden in their brains compared to those inoculated with saline. Mice vaccinated with strain RB51/SRS2 or RB51/GRA7 were protected to the same extent as the strain RB51 vaccinated mice against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. These results suggest that a recombinant RB51 strain expressing an appropriate protective antigen(s), such as SRS2 of N. caninum, can confer protection against both neosporosis and brucellosis. 相似文献
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为了解全国布氏菌病活疫苗生产企业活菌计数能力,2015年对该项目进行了能力验证分析,每名参比企业发放布氏菌活疫苗(S2株)样品3份,要求在规定时间内对其进行活菌计数并提交结果报告。结果显示,参比的17家企业中,15家结果"满意",2家企业结果"不满意",表明全国大部分布氏菌病活疫苗生产企业具备可信任的布氏菌病活疫苗活菌计数检测能力。 相似文献