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1.
猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ,Mhp)引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道疾病,严重影响养猪业发展,活疫苗气溶胶免疫是防治该病的新措施。为研究猪肺炎支原体活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,疫苗株在免疫猪肺内的占位存留规律,选用3周龄不吃初乳猪27头,随机分为3组,G1气溶胶免疫组12头,G2肺内免疫组12头,同时设立阴性对照3头。分别于免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d及28 d进行鼻拭子Mhp sIgA检测以及血清抗体检测。另外在上述时间点分别宰杀G1和G2组各3头,对照组在实验组免疫后第28 d宰杀,采集肺泡灌洗液,分别进行Mhp sIgA检测及Mhp疫苗株含量检测。结果显示:(1)所有试验猪至实验结束,Mhp血清抗体未出现转阳现象;(2)鼻拭子sIgA水平G1组在免疫后第14 d与对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05);G2组在免疫后第7 d和14 d与相应的对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(3)G1组肺泡灌洗液中的 sIgA在免疫后14 d部分转阳(阳性率33.33%),28 d全部转阳(阳性率100%);G2组在免疫14 d时已全部转阳(阳性率100%),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(4)气溶胶免疫组肺泡灌洗液内Mhp疫苗株浓度在免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d和28 d分别是相应肺内免疫组的0.37倍、1.01倍、0.88倍以及0.52倍。猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,和肺内免疫一样可以诱导免疫猪的局部黏膜免疫以及具有同等的占位效应,且经气溶胶免疫的疫苗株在免疫仔猪体内的增殖水平可能与其诱导的黏膜免疫水平相关。 相似文献
2.
为提高鸡新城疫的免疫效果,克服滴眼法、饮水法和肌肉注射法存在的免疫效果不均,剂量不易掌握及捉鸡应激反应等不足之处,我们采用了气溶胶药物灭菌器进行鸡ND的免疫效果观察。 1 材料和方法 1.1 气溶胶药物灭菌器,哈尔滨重型机器厂研制;新倍灵Ⅳ系苗,江西赛诺菲公司出品;300日龄健康AA种鸡1700只,饲养在封闭式1200m~3的一栋鸡舍内。9日龄AA雏鸡40只,饲养在22.51m~3的鸡舍内。 相似文献
3.
家禽免疫的方式可分为个体免疫(individual vaccination)和群体免疫(mass vaccinadon)两种。前者指每次免疫操作仅可完成对一只鸡的免疫，如点限、滴鼻、滴口、刺翼及肌肉或皮下注射等方法；后者指每次免疫操作即可完成对大群鸡只进行免疫，如喷雾和饮水等方法。其中喷雾法又可根据雾滴大小分为气溶胶(aerosol)、细雾滴(fine spray)和粗雾滴(coarse spray)喷 相似文献
4.
实验观察了有母源抗体的雏鸡首次接种鸡新城疫疫苗的适宜日龄和不同免疫程序组合的效果。从实验鸡只的血凝抑制抗体的测定,表明雏鸡在1日龄接种疫苗与不接种对照没有明显差别。只有在15日龄时接种,才可看到血凝抑制抗体的明显增长,对强毒攻击有免疫力。实验表明肉用仔鸡全期饲养(80天)时,一次免疫所产生的抗体不能为鸡只提供足够的保护。经过再次接种的鸡只,不论饮水或气溶胶方法,才能有较好的免疫力。在再次接种时,气溶胶方法比饮水法效果更好。实验认为肉用鸡新城疫免疫程序两周龄时宜用饮水法作首次免疫,隔30天以气溶胶或饮水法再次接种。 相似文献
5.
家禽免疫的方式可分为个体免疫(individualvaccination)和群体免疫(massvaccination)两种。前者指每次免疫操作仅可完成对一只鸡的免疫,如点眼、滴鼻、滴口、刺翼及肌肉或皮下注射等方法;后者指每次免疫操作即可完成对大群鸡只进行免疫,如喷雾和饮水等方法。其中喷雾法又可根据雾滴大小分为气溶胶(aerosol)、细雾滴(finespray)和粗雾滴(coarsespray)喷雾等不同的方法。由于鸡群的不断增大及劳动力成本的提高,饮水免疫(drinkingwatervaccination)已成为现代家禽饲养业最为常用的一种群体免疫方式之一。其效果则主要取决于下列四个方面:免疫程… 相似文献
6.
随着养鸡业朝集约化饲养和工厂化经营发展以来,对于密集饲养的众多鸡只的新城疫预防工作甚感棘手。因此,国际上对鸡新城疫气溶胶免疫的研究,形成一个最为活跃的领域。许多国家为此做了深入的研究工作,取得很好成绩,并已在生产上推广应用。1952年,美国的Johnson等首先报道了气溶胶免疫对1日龄雏鸡是安全有效的。六十年代,苏联的,印度的Menon等, 相似文献
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8.
畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(7)
全球每年因生物气溶胶传播引起的呼吸系统疾病占总呼吸系统疾病的20%,通过气溶胶传播的病原微生物高达数百种,占全部传播途径的首位。在现代规模化、集约化的养殖模式下,畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶不仅对舍内饲养的动物有致病性,而且对饲养人员及周围环境也有一定的危害,严重阻碍了畜牧养殖业的健康发展。文章对畜禽舍内微生物气溶胶的来源、危害、采集方法、检测方法及畜禽养殖场微生物气溶胶的防控等方面进行了综述,并提出畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的防控方向及应采取的措施,以期为畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的理论研究和实际防控提供帮助。 相似文献
9.
简述了猪支原体肺炎各种防控措施的常规评价指标,包括临床症状和发病率的降低、肺部肉变的评分、血清抗体滴度的变化及肺炎支原体病原监测等,介绍了体液免疫和黏膜免疫评价指标分别在猪支原体肺炎灭活疫苗和弱毒活疫苗免疫效力评价中的作用,并对气溶胶中猪肺炎支原体的检测成为猪支原体肺炎防控和净化评价的主要方法之一的可能性进行了论述。 相似文献
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11.
DNA vaccination (also called genetic vaccination) recently celebrated its ten years of existence. This new method of immunization presents several advantages, including the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This vaccination strategy has been very successful and has served as a basis for numerous experiments that had the aim of resolving parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. In particular, DNA vaccination has been evaluated against Chlamydiaceae, small obligate intracellular bacteria, that induce many pathologies in humans and animals. Despite promising protective effects obtained in murine and turkey models with genes encoding outer membrane proteins and heat shock proteins, DNA vaccination against Chlamydiaceae must be optimized by further investigations and could benefit from the genomic sequencing in terms of the identification of new antigens. 相似文献
12.
Bugnon P Breitenmoser U Peterhans E Zanoni R 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(10):433-437
Subsequent to rabies vaccination campaigns, two well-established methods for the determination of the proportion of vaccinated foxes--the detection of tetracycline (TC) in bones and the detection of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in thoracic fluids--were used and compared. Special emphasis was given to the effect of a new method of bait distribution at the den, which is primarily targeted at young foxes. The overall proportion of vaccinated animals estimated by TC was 60% as compared to 50% by VNA. In young foxes overall, significantly lower proportions of vaccinated animals (58% by TC and 40% by VNA) than in adult foxes (75 and 59%) were estimated with both methods. Low proportions of vaccinated young animals were found after spring (39 and 18%), but also after autumn vaccination (56 and 35%). In contrast, after den vaccination the level of vaccination of young foxes reached that of adult foxes. The theoretical implication of the successful elimination of fox rabies in Switzerland in spite of a relatively low overall proportion of VNA-positive animals is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eimeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37–40 days (30–33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122–125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis. 相似文献
14.
Experiements with an inactivated hepatitis leptospirosis vaccine in vaccination programmes for dogs.
J H Wilson W M Hermann-Dekkers S Leemans-Dessy J W Meijer 《The Veterinary record》1977,100(26):552-554
A fluid adjuvanted vaccine consisting of inactivated hepatitis virus (iH) and leptospirae antigens (L) was developed. The vaccine (Kavak iHL; Duphar) was tested in several vaccination programmes both alone and in combination with freeze dried measles (M) or distemper (D) vaccines. The results demonstrate that this new vaccine is also effective in pups with maternally derived antibodies, although a second vaccination at 14 weeks of age is recommended to boost the first vaccination. For the booster vaccination either the iHL-vaccine or the liver attenuated hepatitis vaccine (H) can be used. 相似文献
15.
Patel JR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(3):1797-416
The common disease caused by bovine herpes virus 1 infection is febrile rhinotracheitis (FRT) and under certain conditions the virus is strongly implicated in pre-disposing cattle to pneumonic pasteurellosis. These illnesses account for a significant economic loss in the cattle industry worldwide and vaccination is widely applied. In naive cattle, and for a short period of time, old and new vaccines significantly reduce clinical signs of FRT and also virus shedding. A single intranasal vaccination affords significant protection in face of maternally derived antibodies, and the protection can be significantly prolonged by a booster intramuscular vaccination. Current data recommend vaccination in face of an outbreak and vaccines appear safe for pregnant cattle. 相似文献
16.
Springer S Lehmann J Lindner T Thielebein J Alber G Selbitz HJ 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,113(6):246-252
Within the works for the registration of a new live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine for layers, safety and efficacy of the vaccine strain were tested by experimental studies. After oral administration of the single and the tenfold dose, no incompatibility reactions were seen in day-old chicks. The laying performance and the egg weight were not affected by the vaccination of the chickens during the laying period. There was only a limited period in which the excretion of the vaccine strain and its persistency in organs were seen. Even after the threefold oral vaccination the vaccine strain could not be isolated from eggs and internal organs of slaughtered chickens. Moreover, a high safety for non-target animals (cattle, pigs) could be established. Studies with BALB/c mice proved that a cell-mediated immunity and the development of complement-fixing antibodies is induced by the vaccine. Efficacy studies in target animals were carried out by a proved dependable oral challenge system that reproduces a latent infection with marked S. Enteritidis strains and by means of the seeder-bird method. The test results demonstrate that the vaccination is capable to avert or to reduce an infection significantly. 相似文献
17.
Recently developed technology for DNA vaccination appears to offer the good prospect for the development of a multivalent vaccines that will effectively activate both the humoral and cell mediated mechanisms of the immune system. Currently, DNA vaccination against such important parasitic diseases like malaria, leishmaniosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, schistosomosis, fasciolosis offers several new opportunities. However, the outcome of vaccination depends very much on vaccine formulations, dose and route of vaccine delivery, and the species and even strain of the vaccinated host. To overcome these problems much research is still needed, specifically focused on cloning and testing of new c-DNA sequences in the following: genome projects: different ways of delivery: design of vectors containing appropriate immunostimulatory sequences and very detailed studies on safety. 相似文献
18.
Thulke HH Tischendorf L Staubach C Selhorst T Jeltsch F Müller T Schlüter H Wissel C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,47(1-2):1-21
We used a simulation model to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of a potential rabies outbreak in an immunized fox population after the termination of a long-term, large-scale vaccination program with two campaigns per year one in spring and one in autumn. The 'worst-case' scenario of rabies resurgence occurs if rabies has persisted at a low prevalence despite control and has remained undetected by a customary surveillance program or if infected individuals invade to the control area. Even if the termination of a vaccination program entails such a risk of a subsequent new outbreak, prolonged vaccination of a wild host population is expensive and the declining cost-benefit ratio over time eventually makes it uneconomic. Based on the knowledge of the spatio-temporal dynamics of a potential new outbreak gained from our modelling study, we suggest "terminating but observing" to be an appropriate strategy. Simulating the decline of population immunity without revaccination, we found that a new outbreak of rabies should be detected by customary surveillance programs within two years after the termination of the control. The time until detection does not depend on whether vaccination was terminated within the fourth, fifth or sixth years of repeated biannual campaigns. But it is faster if the program was completed with an autumn campaign (because next-year dispersal then occurs after a noticeable decrease in population immunity). Finally, if a rabid fox is detected after terminating vaccination, we determine a rule for defining a circular hazard area based on the simulated spatial spread of rabies. The radius of this area should be increased with the time since the last vaccination campaign. The trade-off between the number of foxes potentially missed by the emergency treatment and the cost for the emergency measures in an enlarged hazard area was found. 相似文献
19.
禽流感免疫预防的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,在禽流感新型疫苗研究上取得了一定进展,但是目前国内外禽流感免疫仍主要使用灭活疫苗.大量的研究和防控实践表明,有效的禽流感疫苗接种可预防家禽发病,阻断病毒的传播,即使免疫禽受到强毒攻击感染后病毒排出量也显著减少,这就减少了病毒发生自然突变的机会,降低了疫病向禽群和人传播的风险;疫苗的正确应用可在控制禽流感中发挥重要作用.因此,应根据不同地区总体防控策略和具体疫情状况,正确评估禽流感免疫预防作用.在禽流感发生的高风险地区,全面预防接种是防控禽流感的关键技术措施,具有至关重要的作用. 相似文献
20.
Mathematic model for the population biology of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic states 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A series of coupled differential equations was used to model the temporal dynamics of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The model takes explicit account of the development of natural immunity to rabies and was used to evaluate culling and vaccination elimination strategies. For habitats typical of the mid-Atlantic states, and given the assumptions of the model, it was estimated that elimination of rabies in raccoons by culling may involve the annual removal of over 32% of the raccoon population or the yearly vaccination of up to 99% of the susceptible fraction. Assuming a constant marginal cost for both culling and vaccination, the model suggests that, whatever the actual cost of each method, the cheapest strategy will always involve either culling or vaccination alone. A combined strategy of culling and vaccination will be cheaper than culling alone only when the per capita cost of vaccination is around one-fifth or less the per capita cost of culling. 相似文献